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Jibreel (Angel Gabriel): Difference between revisions
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According to Islamic scriptures, '''Jibreel''' (جبريل Gabriel) is the angel who first appeared to [[Muhammad]] in the cave of Hijra and taught Muhammad the [[Qur'an]]. | {{QualityScore|Lead=2|Structure=4|Content=2|Language=3|References=2}} | ||
According to Islamic scriptures, '''Jibreel''' (جبريل Gabriel) is the angel who first appeared to [[Muhammad]] in the cave of Hijra and taught Muhammad the [[Qur'an]]. According to Islamic sources, Jibreel brought the revelations to all of the prophets from Adam to Muhammad. He is referred to as طاوؤس الملائكة "Peacock of the Angels" and, again according to Islamic sources, intervened at several points in the military career of the prophet such as at the [[Battle of Badr]] and [[The Massacre of the Banu Qurayza]]. He is mentioned by name in three places in the [[Qur'an]] and many times in the [[sira]] and [[hadith]] literature. In addition to being the bearer of revelations to the prophets and the warrior angel guiding and protecting Muhammad, he is also [[Jibreel (Gabriel) and al-Ruh al-Qudus (the Holy Spirit) in the Qur'an|associated with the Holy Spirit]] to such a degree that most Islamic commentators take him to be synonymous with the Holy Spirit, even though the term was only used in Christian and Jewish literature to refer to god himself. | |||
==Jibreel | ==Jibreel in the Qur'an== | ||
Jibreel is named three times in the Qur'an, 2:97-98 and 66:4 | |||
The Qur'anic verses 21:91 and 66:12 in conjunction with the tafsir's, tell us he was sent to breathe [[Gabriel and the Holy Spirit|Allah's spirit]] into Maryam's (Mary's) vagina. | {{Quote|{{Quran-range|2|97|98}}|قُلْ مَن كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِّجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُۥ نَزَّلَهُۥ عَلَىٰ قَلْبِكَ بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَىٰ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ | ||
مَن كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِّلَّهِ وَمَلَٰٓئِكَتِهِۦ وَرُسُلِهِۦ وَجِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَىٰلَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَدُوٌّ لِّلْكَٰفِرِينَ | |||
Say, "Whoever is an enemy to Gabriel - it is [none but] he who has brought the Qur'an down upon your heart, [O Muhammad], by permission of Allah, confirming that which was before it and as guidance and good tidings for the believers." Whoever is an enemy to Allah and His angels and His messengers and Gabriel and Michael - then indeed, Allah is an enemy to the disbelievers.}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|66|4}}| إِن تَتُوبَآ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ فَقَدْ صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا ۖ وَإِن تَظَٰهَرَا عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ مَوْلَىٰهُ وَجِبْرِيلُ وَصَٰلِحُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۖ وَٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ ظَهِيرٌ | |||
If you two [wives] repent to Allah, [it is best], for your hearts have deviated. But if you cooperate against him - then indeed Allah is his protector, and Gabriel and the righteous of the believers and the angels, moreover, are [his] assistants.}} | |||
{{Main|Virgin Conception of Jesus in the Qur'an}} | |||
The Qur'anic verses 21:91 and 66:12 in conjunction with the tafsir's, tell us he was sent to breathe [[Gabriel and the Holy Spirit|Allah's spirit]] into Maryam's (Mary's) vagina in order to impregnate her with 'Isa (Jesus). It is partially on the basis of this description that Gabriel is identified with the Holy Spirit. | |||
{{quote |1=[http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=66&tid=54466 Tafsir 'ibn Kathir - Quran 66:12]|2= | {{quote |1=[http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=66&tid=54466 Tafsir 'ibn Kathir - Quran 66:12]|2= | ||
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(And We breathed into it (private part) through Our Ruh,) meaning, through the angel Jibril. Allah sent the angel Jibril to Maryam, and he came to her in the shape of a man in every respect. Allah commanded him to blow into a gap of her garment and that breath went into her womb through her private part; this is how `Isa was conceived.}} | (And We breathed into it (private part) through Our Ruh,) meaning, through the angel Jibril. Allah sent the angel Jibril to Maryam, and he came to her in the shape of a man in every respect. Allah commanded him to blow into a gap of her garment and that breath went into her womb through her private part; this is how `Isa was conceived.}} | ||
==Jibreel | ==Jibreel in the Hadith== | ||
Gabriel sometimes came to Muhammad in the form of a man. | Gabriel sometimes came to Muhammad in the form of a man. | ||
{{Quote|1={{Bukhari| | {{Quote|1={{Bukhari|||2|darussalam}}|2=Narrated 'Aisha: | ||
"...Sometimes the Angel comes in the form of a man and talks to me and I grasp whatever he says."...}} | "...Sometimes the Angel comes in the form of a man and talks to me and I grasp whatever he says."...}} | ||
{{Quote|1={{Bukhari| | {{Quote|1={{Bukhari|||50|darussalam}}|2=Narrated Abu Huraira: | ||
One day while the Prophet was sitting in the company of some people, (The angel) Gabriel came... | One day while the Prophet was sitting in the company of some people, (The angel) Gabriel came... | ||
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Sometimes he would appear with six hundred wings. | Sometimes he would appear with six hundred wings. | ||
{{Quote|{{ | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|||4857|darussalam}}|Narrated ASSAILANT: | ||
..."Abdullah (bin Mas'ud) informed us that Muhammad had seen Gabriel with six hundred wings."}} | ..."Abdullah (bin Mas'ud) informed us that Muhammad had seen Gabriel with six hundred wings."}} | ||
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During the first [[revelation]], Gabriel was rather forceful with Muhammad and succeeded in terrifying him: | During the first [[revelation]], Gabriel was rather forceful with Muhammad and succeeded in terrifying him: | ||
{{Quote|1={{Bukhari| | {{Quote|1={{Bukhari|||3|darussalam}}|2=The angel came to him and asked him to read. The Prophet replied, "I do not know how to read. | ||
The Prophet added, "The angel caught me (forcefully) and pressed me so hard that I could not bear it any more. He then released me and again asked me to read and I replied, 'I do not know how to read.' Thereupon he caught me again and pressed me a second time till I could not bear it any more. He then released me and again asked me to read but again I replied, 'I do not know how to read (or what shall I read)?' Thereupon he caught me for the third time and pressed me, and then released me and said, 'Read in the name of your Lord, who has created (all that exists) has created man from a clot. Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous." (96.1, 96.2, 96.3) | The Prophet added, "The angel caught me (forcefully) and pressed me so hard that I could not bear it any more. He then released me and again asked me to read and I replied, 'I do not know how to read.' Thereupon he caught me again and pressed me a second time till I could not bear it any more. He then released me and again asked me to read but again I replied, 'I do not know how to read (or what shall I read)?' Thereupon he caught me for the third time and pressed me, and then released me and said, 'Read in the name of your Lord, who has created (all that exists) has created man from a clot. Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous." (96.1, 96.2, 96.3) | ||
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Gabriel is the medium through which [[Allah]] communicated with Muhammad. | Gabriel is the medium through which [[Allah]] communicated with Muhammad. | ||
{{Quote|1={{Bukhari| | {{Quote|1={{Bukhari|||5|darussalam}}|2=Narrated Said bin Jubair: | ||
...The Statement of Allah: And 'When we have recited it to you (O Muhammad through Gabriel) then you follow its (Qur'an) recital' (75.18) means 'listen to it and be silent.' Then it is for Us (Allah) to make It clear to you' (75.19) means 'Then it is (for Allah) to make you recite it (and its meaning will be clear by itself through your tongue). Afterwards, Allah's Apostle used to listen to Gabriel whenever he came and after his departure he used to recite it as Gabriel had recited it."}} | ...The Statement of Allah: And 'When we have recited it to you (O Muhammad through Gabriel) then you follow its (Qur'an) recital' (75.18) means 'listen to it and be silent.' Then it is for Us (Allah) to make It clear to you' (75.19) means 'Then it is (for Allah) to make you recite it (and its meaning will be clear by itself through your tongue). Afterwards, Allah's Apostle used to listen to Gabriel whenever he came and after his departure he used to recite it as Gabriel had recited it."}} | ||
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Gabriel taught Muhammad how to pray. | Gabriel taught Muhammad how to pray. | ||
{{Quote|1={{Bukhari| | {{Quote|1={{Bukhari|||521|darussalam}}|2=Narrated Ibn Shihab: | ||
"...Don't you know that once Gabriel came and offered the prayer (Fajr prayer) and Allah's Apostle prayed too, then he prayed again (Zuhr prayer) and so did Allah's Apostle and again he prayed ('Asr prayers and Allah's Apostle did the same; again he prayed (Maghrib-prayer) and so did Allah's Apostle and again prayed ('Isha prayer) and so did Allah's Apostle and (Gabriel) said, 'I was ordered to do so (to demonstrate the prayers prescribed to you)?'"...}} | "...Don't you know that once Gabriel came and offered the prayer (Fajr prayer) and Allah's Apostle prayed too, then he prayed again (Zuhr prayer) and so did Allah's Apostle and again he prayed ('Asr prayers and Allah's Apostle did the same; again he prayed (Maghrib-prayer) and so did Allah's Apostle and again prayed ('Isha prayer) and so did Allah's Apostle and (Gabriel) said, 'I was ordered to do so (to demonstrate the prayers prescribed to you)?'"...}} | ||
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According to the [[Hadith]], Gabriel is the reason why Muhammad attacked the [[Banu Qurayza]]. | According to the [[Hadith]], Gabriel is the reason why Muhammad attacked the [[Banu Qurayza]]. | ||
{{Quote|1={{Bukhari| | {{Quote|1={{Bukhari|||2813|darussalam}}|2=Narrated 'Aisha: | ||
When Allah's Apostle returned on the day (of the battle) of Al-Khandaq (i.e. Trench), he put down his arms and took a bath. Then Gabriel whose head was covered with dust, came to him saying, "You have put down your arms! By Allah, I have not put down my arms yet." Allah's Apostle said, "Where (to go now)?" Gabriel said, "This way," pointing towards the tribe of Bani Quraiza. So Allah's Apostle went out towards them.}} | When Allah's Apostle returned on the day (of the battle) of Al-Khandaq (i.e. Trench), he put down his arms and took a bath. Then Gabriel whose head was covered with dust, came to him saying, "You have put down your arms! By Allah, I have not put down my arms yet." Allah's Apostle said, "Where (to go now)?" Gabriel said, "This way," pointing towards the tribe of Bani Quraiza. So Allah's Apostle went out towards them.}} | ||
Gabriel opened Muhammad's chest and washed his innards with | Gabriel opened Muhammad's chest and washed his innards with Zam-Zam water, and then he took Muhammad to heaven. | ||
{{Quote|1={{Bukhari| | {{Quote|1={{Bukhari|||349|darussalam}}|2=Narrated Abu Dhar: | ||
Allah's Apostle said, "While I was at Mecca the roof of my house was opened and Gabriel descended, opened my chest, and washed it with Zam-zam water. Then he brought a golden tray full of wisdom and faith and having poured its contents into my chest, he closed it. Then he took my hand and ascended with me to the nearest heaven..."}} | Allah's Apostle said, "While I was at Mecca the roof of my house was opened and Gabriel descended, opened my chest, and washed it with Zam-zam water. Then he brought a golden tray full of wisdom and faith and having poured its contents into my chest, he closed it. Then he took my hand and ascended with me to the nearest heaven..."}} | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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[[Category:People of the Book]] | [[Category:People of the Book]] | ||
[[Category:Christian tradition]] | |||
[[Category:Jewish tradition]] | |||
[[Category:Supernatural beings]] | |||
[[Category:Sacred history]] | |||
[[Category:Sirah]] | |||
[[Category:Miracles]] | |||
[[Category:Revelation]] | |||