Conquest of Khaybar
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According to the Islamic tradition in 628 AD the prophet Muhammad led an army of Muslims against the fortified Jewish oasis of Khaybar. Muhammad and the companions launched this assault as the culmination of years of struggle against the Jews of Arabia and their pagan allies. After much struggle the fortresses of Khaibar were overtaken one by one. The Jews were allowed to leave, and those who stayed paid the jizya and become, according to the Islamic tradition, the first dhimmis. Muhammad took the wife of the leader of the Khaybar Jews, Safiyya, as his wife, and tortured her husband Kinana to death in order to find his treasure, according to ibn Hisham and Tabari (themselves relating ibn Ishaq's account). The victory of the Muslims over the Jews at Khaybar was widely celebrated by the early Muslims, and the chant "Khaybar, Khaybar, ya yahuud, jaysh Muhammad saya'uud" "Khaybar, Khaybar O Jews, the army of Muhammad shall return" has in modern times become an invocation of bellicosity against the Jews by Arab and Muslim forces such as Hezbollah, Hamas, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Arab nationalists, and Islamist activists the world over.