Na pravou míru: Nezázrak islámské vědy: Difference between revisions

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<!-- <ref>Sadegh Hedayat, největší perský novelista a pisatel krátkých příběhu dvanáctého století, was at pains to point out that Khayyám from "his youth to his death remained a materialist, pessimist, agnostic". "Khayyam looked at all religions questions with a skeptical eye", continues Hedayat, "and hated the fanaticism, narrow-mindedness, and the spirit of vengeance of the mullas, the so-called religious scholars".</ref><ref> "''....A hostile orthodox account of him, written in the thirteenth century, represents him as "versed in all the wisdom of the Greeks," and as wont to insist on the necessity of studying science on Greek lines. Of his prose works, two, which were stand authority, dealt respectively with precious stones and climatology. Beyond question the poet-astronomer was undevout; and his astronomy doubtless helped to make him so. One contemporary writes: "I did not observe that he had any great belief in astrological predictions; nor have I seen or heard of any of the great (scientists) who had such belief." In point of fact he was not, any more than Abu';-Ala, a convinced atheist, but he had no sympathy with popular religion. "He gave his adherence to no religious sect. Agnosticism, not faith, is the keynote of his works." Among the sects he saw everywhere strife and hatred in which he could have no part....''" - Robertson (1914). "Freethought under Islam". A Short History of Freethough, Ancient and Modern Volume I (Elibron Classics). Watts & Co., London. pp. 263. ISBN 0543851907. </ref>-->
<!-- <ref>Sadegh Hedayat, největší perský novelista a pisatel krátkých příběhu dvanáctého století, was at pains to point out that Khayyám from "his youth to his death remained a materialist, pessimist, agnostic". "Khayyam looked at all religions questions with a skeptical eye", continues Hedayat, "and hated the fanaticism, narrow-mindedness, and the spirit of vengeance of the mullas, the so-called religious scholars".</ref><ref> "''....A hostile orthodox account of him, written in the thirteenth century, represents him as "versed in all the wisdom of the Greeks," and as wont to insist on the necessity of studying science on Greek lines. Of his prose works, two, which were stand authority, dealt respectively with precious stones and climatology. Beyond question the poet-astronomer was undevout; and his astronomy doubtless helped to make him so. One contemporary writes: "I did not observe that he had any great belief in astrological predictions; nor have I seen or heard of any of the great (scientists) who had such belief." In point of fact he was not, any more than Abu';-Ala, a convinced atheist, but he had no sympathy with popular religion. "He gave his adherence to no religious sect. Agnosticism, not faith, is the keynote of his works." Among the sects he saw everywhere strife and hatred in which he could have no part....''" - Robertson (1914). "Freethought under Islam". A Short History of Freethough, Ancient and Modern Volume I (Elibron Classics). Watts & Co., London. pp. 263. ISBN 0543851907. </ref>-->


===Negative Numbers===
===Záporná čísla===


{{Quote||'''Co je učeno:''' The concept that numbers could be less than zero, that is negative numbers, was unknown until 1545 when Geronimo Cardano introduced the idea.<BR><BR>'''Co by se mělo učit:''' Muslim mathematicians introduced negative numbers for use in a variety of arithmetic functions at least 400 years prior to Cardano.<ref name="Dr K. Ajram"></ref>}}
{{Quote||'''Co je učeno:''' Koncept, že by čísla mohly být nižší, než nula, tedy záporná čísla, byl neznámý až do roku 1545, kdy jej Geronimo Cardano vymyslel.<BR><BR>'''Co by se mělo učit:''' Muslimští matematici uvedli záporná čísla pro použití v mnoha aritmetických funkcích minimálně 400 let před Cardanem.<ref name="Dr K. Ajram"></ref>}}


Negative numbers were invented by Brahmagupta (598 – 665 AD).<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://cbse-sample-papers.blogspot.com/2008/09/short-biographies-of-famous.html|2=2013-01-10}} Famous Indian Mathematicians Biography] - iCBSE, September 2008</ref> His main work was ''Brahmasphutasiddhanta'', which was later translated into Arabic as ''Sind Hind''.
Záporná čísla vynalezl Brahmagupta (598 – 665 AD).<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://cbse-sample-papers.blogspot.com/2008/09/short-biographies-of-famous.html|2=2013-01-10}} Famous Indian Mathematicians Biography] - iCBSE, September 2008</ref> Jeho hlavní dílo bylo ''Brahmasphutasiddhanta'', které bylo později přeloženo do arabštiny jako ''Sind Hind''.


===Logarithms===
===Logarithms===
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