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{{QualityScore|Lead=1|Structure=4|Content=4|Language=2|References=3}} | {{QualityScore|Lead=1|Structure=4|Content=4|Language=2|References=3}} | ||
Muhammad's prophecies are predictions written hundreds of years after Muhammad's death | Muhammad's prophecies are predictions attributed to him and written hundreds of years after his [[Muhammad's Death|death]]. Many prophecies are considered "signs of the Hour" (Islamic eschatology). Some prophecies are general statements that may apply to times even before Islam, other prophecies predict early Islamic history (which happened before the predictions were written) and some prophecies (most of them unfulfilled) predict the future after the hadiths were written. | ||
Prophecies in this article are from the hadiths. Quranic prophecies have a [[Quranic Prophecies|separate article]]. | Prophecies in this article are from the hadiths. Quranic prophecies have a [[Quranic Prophecies|separate article]]. | ||
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'''The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) mentioned the Dajjal (Antichrist) saying: If he comes forth while I am among you''' I shall be the one who will dispute with him on your behalf, but if he comes forth when I am not among you, a man must dispute on his own behalf, and Allah will take my place in looking after every Muslim. Those of you who live up to his time should recite over him the opening verses of Surat al – Kahf, for they are your protection from his trial. We asked: How long will he remain on the earth ? He replied : Forty days, one like a year, one like a month, one like a week, and rest of his days like yours. We asked : Messenger of Allah, will one day’s prayer suffice us in this day which will be like a year ? He replied : No, you must make an estimate of its extent. Then Jesus son of Marry will descend at the white minaret to the east of Damascus. He will then catch him up at the date of Ludd and kill him." - {{Abudawud|38|4307}}</ref> | '''The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) mentioned the Dajjal (Antichrist) saying: If he comes forth while I am among you''' I shall be the one who will dispute with him on your behalf, but if he comes forth when I am not among you, a man must dispute on his own behalf, and Allah will take my place in looking after every Muslim. Those of you who live up to his time should recite over him the opening verses of Surat al – Kahf, for they are your protection from his trial. We asked: How long will he remain on the earth ? He replied : Forty days, one like a year, one like a month, one like a week, and rest of his days like yours. We asked : Messenger of Allah, will one day’s prayer suffice us in this day which will be like a year ? He replied : No, you must make an estimate of its extent. Then Jesus son of Marry will descend at the white minaret to the east of Damascus. He will then catch him up at the date of Ludd and kill him." - {{Abudawud|38|4307}}</ref> | ||
* 7th century Arabs didn't have the concept of "an hour" meaning 60 minutes. An hour (ساعة) just meant a period of time [shorter than a day]. <ref>AR: https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/140286/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D9%88%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%87%D9%88-%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9</ref> | *7th century Arabs didn't have the concept of "an hour" meaning 60 minutes. An hour (ساعة) just meant a period of time [shorter than a day]. <ref>AR: https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/140286/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D9%88%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%87%D9%88-%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9</ref> | ||
* Most prophecies are linked to the Hour | *Most prophecies are linked to the Hour | ||
==Characteristics== | ==Characteristics== | ||
*Predictions don't have the time when they are supposed to happen. So even if it doesn't happen, Muslim can still believe it will happen in the future. For example the conquest of Constantinople was predicted to happen without fighting. But it was conquered by fighting, so some Muslims think that this wasn't what was predicted and there will be another conquest of Constantinople that will get it right. | |||
*Scarcely any predictions were fulfilled once the predictions had been written down in the form of hadiths. | |||
* | |||
==Retrodictions and | ==Retrodictions and Reiterating Biblical Prophecy== | ||
The hadith collections were written, often by Persian authors, hundreds of years after the death of Muhammad. So when the hadiths contain a prophecy about early Islamic history, | The hadith collections were written, often by Persian authors, hundreds of years after the death of Muhammad. So when the hadiths contain a prophecy about early Islamic history, they are likely only being attributed to Muhammad after the fact. This category also includes things that always happened, even before Islam (earthquakes, wars, people being dishonest...) and prophecies copied from the Bible. | ||
===The caliphate will last 30 years=== | ===The caliphate will last 30 years=== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
* The first caliphate lasted from 632-661, | *The first caliphate lasted from 632-661, 29 years time. | ||
* Tirmidhi, author of this hadith collection, was born in 824, more than 100 years after the end of the caliphate | *Tirmidhi, author of this hadith collection, was born in 824, more than 100 years after the end of the caliphate | ||
* The hadith in it's text is in the context of discussion about previous caliphates | *The hadith in it's text is in the context of discussion about previous caliphates | ||
* The political system after the first caliphate, was still called a caliphate. There was some form of caliphate until the 20th century | *The political system after the first caliphate, was still called a caliphate. There was some form of caliphate until the 20th century | ||
==="Prophet, siddiq and two martyrs"=== | ==="Prophet, siddiq and two martyrs"=== | ||
Notice that the future caliphs | Notice that the future caliphs are usually mentioned in the order in which they will be caliphs (strongly suggesting these were written later by someone who already knew the order): | ||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|57|35}}| | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|57|35}}| | ||
Narrated Anas bin Malik: | Narrated Anas bin Malik: | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The hadith was interpreted as a vague prediction that Abu Bakr will die naturally and Umar and Uthman will be killed. The 3 caliphs were in the 7th century | The hadith was interpreted as a vague prediction that Abu Bakr will die naturally and Umar and Uthman will be killed. The 3 caliphs were in the 7th century. Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century. | ||
===Khawarij=== | ===Khawarij=== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Khawarij ("The Leavers") left the army of the caliph Ali in the middle of the 7th century. The | Khawarij ("The Leavers") left the army of the caliph Ali in the middle of the 7th century. The prediction was written in the middle of the 9th century, two hundred years later. | ||
The prophecy says "at the end of time" | The prophecy says "at the end of time". The Khawarij appeared more than a thousand years ago. | ||
===Places of killed people at the battle of Badr=== | ===Places of killed people at the battle of Badr=== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Battle of Badr was in the 7th century. | Battle of Badr was in the 7th century. This hadith collection was authored in the 9th century. | ||
===Earthquakes will increase=== | ===Earthquakes will increase=== | ||
It's a part of a | It's a part of a longer hadith as one of the signs of the end of the world: | ||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|88|237}}| | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|88|237}}| | ||
.. and earthquakes will increase in number.. | .. and earthquakes will increase in number.. | ||
}} | }} | ||
There were always earthquakes, increasing and decreasing. There is a report that | There were always earthquakes, increasing and decreasing. There is a report that earthquakes happened also during the life of Muhammad: | ||
{{Quote|[https://sunnah.com/bulugh/2/441 Bulugh al-Maram 2:509]| | {{Quote|[https://sunnah.com/bulugh/2/441 Bulugh al-Maram 2:509]| | ||
He [the Prophet (ﷺ)] prayed during an earthquake six bowings and four prostrations, and said, "This is the way the Prayer of the Signs (of Allah) is offered. | He [the Prophet (ﷺ)] prayed during an earthquake six bowings and four prostrations, and said, "This is the way the Prayer of the Signs (of Allah) is offered. | ||
}} | }} | ||
Earthquakes were also | Earthquakes were also predicted in the Bible: | ||
{{Quote|Luke 21:9-11| | {{Quote|Luke 21:9-11| | ||
When you hear of wars and uprisings, do not be frightened. These things must happen first, but the end will not come right away.” | When you hear of wars and uprisings, do not be frightened. These things must happen first, but the end will not come right away.” | ||
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I went to the Prophet (ﷺ) during the Ghazwa of Tabuk while he was sitting in a leather tent. He said, "'''Count six signs that indicate the approach of the Hour: my death''', the conquest of Jerusalem, a plague that will afflict you (and kill you in great numbers) as the plague that afflicts sheep, the increase of wealth to such an extent that even if one is given one hundred Dinars, he will not be satisfied; then an affliction which no Arab house will escape, and then a truce between you and Bani Al-Asfar (i.e. the Byzantines) who will betray you and attack you under eighty flags. Under each flag will be twelve thousand soldiers. | I went to the Prophet (ﷺ) during the Ghazwa of Tabuk while he was sitting in a leather tent. He said, "'''Count six signs that indicate the approach of the Hour: my death''', the conquest of Jerusalem, a plague that will afflict you (and kill you in great numbers) as the plague that afflicts sheep, the increase of wealth to such an extent that even if one is given one hundred Dinars, he will not be satisfied; then an affliction which no Arab house will escape, and then a truce between you and Bani Al-Asfar (i.e. the Byzantines) who will betray you and attack you under eighty flags. Under each flag will be twelve thousand soldiers. | ||
}} | }} | ||
The context is that it will be a sign that the Hour is coming. But Muhammad died more than a thousand years ago and the Hour didn't come. | The context is that it will be a sign that the Hour is coming. But Muhammad died more than a thousand years ago and the Hour didn't come. | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Sexual immorality (or "abomination") was nothing new in the 7th century. The Old Testament mentions a story | Sexual immorality (or "abomination") was nothing new in the 7th century. The Old Testament mentions such a story: | ||
{{Quote|The Bible, Genesis 19:3-8| | {{Quote|The Bible, Genesis 19:3-8| | ||
He prepared a meal for them, baking bread without yeast, and they ate. Before they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of Sodom—both young and old—surrounded the house. They called to Lot, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them.” Lot went outside to meet them and shut the door behind him and said, “No, my friends. Don’t do this wicked thing. Look, I have two daughters who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you can do what you like with them. | He prepared a meal for them, baking bread without yeast, and they ate. Before they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of Sodom—both young and old—surrounded the house. They called to Lot, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them.” Lot went outside to meet them and shut the door behind him and said, “No, my friends. Don’t do this wicked thing. Look, I have two daughters who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you can do what you like with them. | ||
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}} | }} | ||
There were also abominations happening in Muhammad's time: | |||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|65}}| | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|65}}| | ||
Narrated `Aisha: | Narrated `Aisha: | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Plagues and diseases also happened throughout whole history. Plagues (pestilences) were also predicted in the Bible, hundreds of years before Muhammad:{{Quote|Luke 21:9-11| | |||
{{Quote|Luke 21:9-11| | |||
When you hear of wars and uprisings, do not be frightened. These things must happen first, but the end will not come right away.” | When you hear of wars and uprisings, do not be frightened. These things must happen first, but the end will not come right away.” | ||
Then he said to them: “Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be great earthquakes, famines and '''pestilences''' in various places, and fearful events and great signs from heaven. | Then he said to them: “Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be great earthquakes, famines and '''pestilences''' in various places, and fearful events and great signs from heaven. | ||
}} | }} | ||
===Women naked, but dressed (wearing revealing clothes)=== | ===Women naked, but dressed (wearing revealing clothes)=== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Some apologists present it as something new that happens in the 21st century and | Some apologists present it as something new that happens in the 21st century and Muhammad couldn't have guessed it. | ||
{{Quote|islamqa.info: Commentary on the hadeeth; “two types of the people of Hell whom I have not seen…” <ref>https://islamqa.info/en/answers/47017/commentary-on-the-hadeeth-two-types-of-the-people-of-hell-whom-i-have-not-seen</ref>| | {{Quote|islamqa.info: Commentary on the hadeeth; “two types of the people of Hell whom I have not seen…” <ref>https://islamqa.info/en/answers/47017/commentary-on-the-hadeeth-two-types-of-the-people-of-hell-whom-i-have-not-seen</ref>| | ||
This hadeeth is one of the miracles of Prophethood, for these two types of people have appeared, and '''they exist now, as al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said.''' | This hadeeth is one of the miracles of Prophethood, for these two types of people have appeared, and '''they exist now, as al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said.''' | ||
}} | }} | ||
Al-Nawawi lived in the 13th century | Al-Nawawi lived in the 13th century. | ||
Islamic sources say that there were women completely naked circumambulating around the Kaba in Muhammad's time: | |||
{{Quote|{{Al Nasai||3|24|2959}}| | {{Quote|{{Al Nasai||3|24|2959}}| | ||
It was narrated from Saeed bin Jubair that Ibn Abbas said: | It was narrated from Saeed bin Jubair that Ibn Abbas said: | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Muhammad's companions used to give women a handful of flour and then perform what they called "a temporary marriage" (زواج المتعة, ''zawaj al-mut'a''): | Muhammad's companions used to give women a handful of flour and then perform what they called "a temporary marriage" (زواج المتعة, ''zawaj al-mut'a''). Seeing as polygamy was allowed, these companions may have been married at the time, and their behavior would today be classified as adultery: | ||
{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3249}}| | {{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3249}}| | ||
Jabir b. 'Abdullah reported: | Jabir b. 'Abdullah reported: | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Muslims became wealthy in the 7th century by the early Islamic conquests (the hadith itself mentions it together with "killing, killing, killing"). Sunan Ibn Majah | Muslims became wealthy in the 7th century by the early Islamic conquests (the hadith itself mentions it together with "killing, killing, killing"). Sunan Ibn Majah was written two centuries after these conquests. | ||
===Men obey their wives=== | ===Men obey their wives=== | ||
The hadith is daif | The hadith is daif: | ||
{{Quote|Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2210 (daif)| | {{Quote|Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2210 (daif)| | ||
Ali bin Abi Talib narrated that the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said: | Ali bin Abi Talib narrated that the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said: | ||
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}} | }} | ||
It was mentioned among negative things, that indicates that a woman being dominant in marriage is an evil thing. But not | It was mentioned among negative things, that indicates that a woman being dominant in marriage is an evil thing. But it appears that the patriarchy was not universal even in Muhammad's time: | ||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|43|648}}|Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas: ...We, the people of Quraish, used to have authority over women, but when we came to live with the Ansar, we noticed that '''the Ansari women had the upper hand over their men''', so our women started acquiring the habits of the Ansari women. Once I shouted at my wife and she paid me back in my coin and I disliked that she should answer me back....}} | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|43|648}}|Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas: ...We, the people of Quraish, used to have authority over women, but when we came to live with the Ansar, we noticed that '''the Ansari women had the upper hand over their men''', so our women started acquiring the habits of the Ansari women. Once I shouted at my wife and she paid me back in my coin and I disliked that she should answer me back....}} | ||
===Muhammad's wife with the longest arm will die first=== | ===Muhammad's wife with the longest arm will die first=== | ||
{{Quote|Sahih Bukhari: Vol. 2, Book of Tax (Zakat), Hadith 501| | {{Quote|Sahih Bukhari: Vol. 2, Book of Tax (Zakat), Hadith 501| | ||
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}} | }} | ||
It's questionable whether the prophecy was metaphorical and fulfilled or whether it was literal | It's questionable whether the prophecy was metaphorical and fulfilled or whether it was literal and hence re-interpreted. Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century. | ||
===Mosques full of hypocrites=== | ===Mosques full of hypocrites=== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Praying hypocrites were also mentioned in the Bible: | |||
{{Quote|The Bible (NIV), Matthew 6:5| | {{Quote|The Bible (NIV), Matthew 6:5| | ||
“And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by others. | “And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by others. | ||
}} | }} | ||
The military nature of Islam's spread may have encouraged this type of hypocrisy: | |||
{{Quote|{{Muslim|1|30}}| | {{Quote|{{Muslim|1|30}}| | ||
It is reported on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah said: | It is reported on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah said: | ||
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`Ali burnt some people and this news reached Ibn `Abbas, who said, "Had I been in his place I would not have burnt them, as the Prophet (ﷺ) said, 'Don't punish (anybody) with Allah's Punishment.' No doubt, I would have killed them, for the Prophet (ﷺ) said, 'If somebody (a Muslim) discards his religion, kill him.' " | `Ali burnt some people and this news reached Ibn `Abbas, who said, "Had I been in his place I would not have burnt them, as the Prophet (ﷺ) said, 'Don't punish (anybody) with Allah's Punishment.' No doubt, I would have killed them, for the Prophet (ﷺ) said, 'If somebody (a Muslim) discards his religion, kill him.' " | ||
}} | }} | ||
===Fire in Hijaz illuminates necks of camels in Busra=== | ===Fire in Hijaz illuminates necks of camels in Busra=== | ||
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Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The Hour will not be established till a fire will come out of the land of Hijaz, and it will throw light on the necks of the camels at Busra." | Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The Hour will not be established till a fire will come out of the land of Hijaz, and it will throw light on the necks of the camels at Busra." | ||
}} | }} | ||
There was a lava eruption in Hijaz in the year 1256 ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrat_Rahat Harrat Rahat]) which is considered by Muslims as fulfillment. That's the last eruption, but the eruption before that was in 640 - 641 A.D. during the reign of Umar. <ref> | There was a lava eruption in Hijaz in the year 1256 ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrat_Rahat Harrat Rahat]) which is considered by Muslims as fulfillment. That's the last eruption, but the eruption before that was in 640 - 641 A.D. during the reign of Umar.<ref> | ||
Volcanic history of the northernmost part of the Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Saudi Arabia | Volcanic history of the northernmost part of the Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Saudi Arabia | ||
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/14/3/1253/529993/Volcanic-history-of-the-northernmost-part-of-the</ref> | https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/14/3/1253/529993/Volcanic-history-of-the-northernmost-part-of-the</ref> | ||
So there was a precedent. | So there was a precedent. The unspecified date of occurrence makes this prediction one that might be referenced perennially | ||
===Slave woman gives birth to her master/mistress=== | ===Slave woman gives birth to her master/mistress=== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
According to Nawawi, the opinion of the majority of scholars is that Muslims will enslave non-Muslim women and have kids with them and the kids will be masters of their mothers because the kids are Muslims | According to Nawawi, the opinion of the majority of scholars is that Muslims will enslave non-Muslim women and have kids with them and the kids will be masters of their mothers because the kids are Muslims. <ref>https://quranacademy.io/blog/an-nawawis-hadith-2-hadith-of-jibreel-3/</ref> Ibn Hajar (who lived later) didn't like this interpretation, because the enslavement was already happening during the time of Muhammad, so it wasn't really a prophecy of the future. | ||
Ibn Hajar and | Ibn Hajar and others, as a result, like to interpret it as kids treating their mothers like slaves. This is not compatible with Waki's comment, and it would appear that children disrespecting their parents has been and will remain a universal phenomenon. | ||
===Woman helps her husband in business=== | ===Woman helps her husband in business=== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
This is also mentioned in the Old Testament: | |||
{{Quote|The Bible (NASB), Amos 8:2-6| | {{Quote|The Bible (NASB), Amos 8:2-6| | ||
Then the Lord said to me, “The end has come for My people Israel. I will spare them no longer. The songs of the palace will turn to wailing in that day,” declares the Lord God. “Many will be the corpses; in every place they will cast them forth in silence.” '''Hear this, you who trample the needy''', to do away with the humble of the land, saying: “When will the new moon be over, So that we may sell grain, And the sabbath, that we may open the wheat market, '''To make the bushel smaller and the shekel bigger, And to cheat with dishonest scales''' | Then the Lord said to me, “The end has come for My people Israel. I will spare them no longer. The songs of the palace will turn to wailing in that day,” declares the Lord God. “Many will be the corpses; in every place they will cast them forth in silence.” '''Hear this, you who trample the needy''', to do away with the humble of the land, saying: “When will the new moon be over, So that we may sell grain, And the sabbath, that we may open the wheat market, '''To make the bushel smaller and the shekel bigger, And to cheat with dishonest scales''' | ||
}} | }} | ||
Famines, like cheating, are universal phenomenon. | |||
===Making money unlawfully=== | ===Making money unlawfully=== | ||
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The Prophet (ﷺ) said "Certainly a time will come when people will not bother to know from where they earned the money, by lawful means or unlawful means." | The Prophet (ﷺ) said "Certainly a time will come when people will not bother to know from where they earned the money, by lawful means or unlawful means." | ||
}} | }} | ||
Muhammad himself engaged in dubious practices to acquire money: | |||
{{Quote|Sirat Rasul Allah 428, Tabari VII:29| | {{Quote|Sirat Rasul Allah 428, Tabari VII:29| | ||
Then the apostle heard that Abu Sufyan b. Harb was coming from Syria with a large caravan of Quraysh, containing their money and merchandise, accompanied by some thirty or forty men." Mohammad said, "This is the Quraysh caravan containing their property, Go out to attack it, perhaps God will give it as prey, | Then the apostle heard that Abu Sufyan b. Harb was coming from Syria with a large caravan of Quraysh, containing their money and merchandise, accompanied by some thirty or forty men." Mohammad said, "This is the Quraysh caravan containing their property, Go out to attack it, perhaps God will give it as prey, | ||
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}} | }} | ||
In any interest-based economy, all goods will inevitably be "tainted" directly or indirectly with interest-based practices. | |||
===Sudden deaths=== | ===Sudden deaths=== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
In other hadiths Muhammad and Ubayd speak about sudden death as something already known:{{Quote|Sunan Abi Dawud 3110 / Book 21, Hadith 22 / Book 20, Hadith 3104 (sahih)| | |||
In other hadiths Muhammad and Ubayd speak about sudden death as something already known: | |||
{{Quote|Sunan Abi Dawud 3110 / Book 21, Hadith 22 / Book 20, Hadith 3104 (sahih)| | |||
Narrated Ubayd ibn Khalid as-Sulami,: | Narrated Ubayd ibn Khalid as-Sulami,: | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Adhering to Islam was already unpleasant for many Muslims during the time of Muhammad and it escalated in 632-633 during the Wars of Apostasy when Arabs tried to | Adhering to Islam was already unpleasant for many Muslims during the time of Muhammad and it escalated in 632-633 during the Wars of Apostasy when some Arabs tried to leave Islam, but had it imposed on them once again by the caliph. | ||
===Following Jews and Christians=== | ===Following Jews and Christians=== | ||
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The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "You will follow the ways of those nations who were before you, span by span and cubit by cubit (i.e., inch by inch) so much so that even if they entered a hole of a mastigure, you would follow them." We said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! (Do you mean) the Jews and the Christians?" He said, "Whom else?" | The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "You will follow the ways of those nations who were before you, span by span and cubit by cubit (i.e., inch by inch) so much so that even if they entered a hole of a mastigure, you would follow them." We said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! (Do you mean) the Jews and the Christians?" He said, "Whom else?" | ||
}} | }} | ||
Muhammad himself | Muhammad himself incorporated portions of the Talmud and the gospels in the Quran and his teachings. | ||
===Killing [pointless killing]=== | ===Killing [pointless killing]=== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The Old Testament hosts many texts about mass killing. For example: | |||
{{Quote|The Bible (AMPC), 1 Samuel 15:3| | {{Quote|The Bible (AMPC), 1 Samuel 15:3| | ||
Now go and smite Amalek and utterly destroy all they have; do not spare them, but '''kill both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.''' | Now go and smite Amalek and utterly destroy all they have; do not spare them, but '''kill both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.''' | ||
}} | }} | ||
Muhammad himself engaged in what most would describe as "pointless killing": | |||
{{Quote|Ibn Ishaq: Sirat Rasul Allah, p. 464| | {{Quote|Ibn Ishaq: Sirat Rasul Allah, p. 464| | ||
Then they surrendered, and the apostle confined them in Medina in the quarter of d. al-Harith, a woman of B. al-Najjar. Then the apostle went out to the market of Medina (which is still its market today) and dug trenches in it. Then he sent for them and struck off their heads in those trenches as they were brought out to him in batches. Among them was the enemy of Allah Huyayy b. Akhtab and Ka`b b. Asad their chief. There were 600 or 700 in all, though some put the figure as high as 800 or 900. | Then they surrendered, and the apostle confined them in Medina in the quarter of d. al-Harith, a woman of B. al-Najjar. Then the apostle went out to the market of Medina (which is still its market today) and dug trenches in it. Then he sent for them and struck off their heads in those trenches as they were brought out to him in batches. Among them was the enemy of Allah Huyayy b. Akhtab and Ka`b b. Asad their chief. There were 600 or 700 in all, though some put the figure as high as 800 or 900. | ||
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}} | }} | ||
This | This prediction was interpreted by Islamic scholars as referring to the Battle of Siffin (year 657). Sahih Muslim was written in the 9th century. | ||
===Issue between Ali and Aisha=== | ===Issue between Ali and Aisha=== | ||
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==="I have been given Persia"=== | ==="I have been given Persia"=== | ||
{{Quote|Al-Nasa'i, Sunan al Kubra 8858| | {{Quote|Al-Nasa'i, Sunan al Kubra 8858| | ||
أنبأ محمد بن عبد الأعلى قال حدثنا معتمر قال سمعت عوفا قال سمعت ميمونا يحدث عن البراء بن عازب قال : لما أمرنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم أن يحفر الخندق عرض لنا فيه حجر لا يأخذ فيه المعول فاشتكينا ذلك إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فجاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فألقى ثوبه وأخذ المعول وقال بسم الله فضرب ضربة فكسر ثلث الصخرة قال الله أكبر أعطيت مفاتيح الشام والله إني لأبصر قصورها الحمر الآن من مكاني هذا قال ثم ضرب أخرى وقال بسم الله وكسر ثلثا آخر وقال الله أكبر أعطيت مفاتيح فارس والله إني لأبصر قصر المدائن الأبيض الآن ثم ضرب ثالثة وقال بسم الله فقطع الحجر قال الله أكبر أعطيت مفاتيح اليمن والله إني لأبصر باب صنعاء | أنبأ محمد بن عبد الأعلى قال حدثنا معتمر قال سمعت عوفا قال سمعت ميمونا يحدث عن البراء بن عازب قال : لما أمرنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم أن يحفر الخندق عرض لنا فيه حجر لا يأخذ فيه المعول فاشتكينا ذلك إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فجاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فألقى ثوبه وأخذ المعول وقال بسم الله فضرب ضربة فكسر ثلث الصخرة قال الله أكبر أعطيت مفاتيح الشام والله إني لأبصر قصورها الحمر الآن من مكاني هذا قال ثم ضرب أخرى وقال بسم الله وكسر ثلثا آخر وقال الله أكبر أعطيت مفاتيح فارس والله إني لأبصر قصر المدائن الأبيض الآن ثم ضرب ثالثة وقال بسم الله فقطع الحجر قال الله أكبر أعطيت مفاتيح اليمن والله إني لأبصر باب صنعاء | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The bloody conquest happened around the year 650. Earliest hadith collection Muwatta Imam Malik (which doesn't | The bloody conquest happened around the year 650. Earliest hadith collection Muwatta Imam Malik (which doesn't contain this hadith) was written around the year 750 and the hadith collection sunan al-Kubra which contains the hadith was written around the year 850. This hadith was written hundreds of years after the event it describes. | ||
Furthermore, Persia was already conquered a thousand years before by Alexander the Great. And at the time of Muhammad Persia was exhausted by wars with Romans which lasted from 54 BC to 628 AD (681 years). | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Persian_Wars Wikipedia: Roman–Persian Wars] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Persian_Wars Wikipedia: Roman–Persian Wars] | ||
===Conquest of Jerusalem=== | ===Conquest of Jerusalem=== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Some | Some suggest that Muhammad predicted "The Muslim conquest of Jerusalem in 1187 AD." <ref>https://www.islamweb.net/en/article/135817/the-signs-of-the-hour</ref>: | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187) Wikipedia: Siege of Jerusalem (1187)] | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187) Wikipedia: Siege of Jerusalem (1187)] | |||
However, this was the second Islamic conquest of Jerusalem. Muslims first conquered Jerusalem in 636: | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(636%E2%80%93637) Wikipedia: Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)] | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(636%E2%80%93637) Wikipedia: Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)] | |||
Furthermore, after the conquest, the Hour was expected to come. Both events occurred nearly a thousand years in the past. | |||
This was written by Bukhari two hundred years after the first conquest. | |||
===Conquest of Egypt=== | ===Conquest of Egypt=== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Some | Some suggest that "Turks" here means "Mongols" and that this thus predicts Gengis Khan. However, The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kharistan Battle of Kharistan] (737) which happened between the Umayyad caliphate and Turkic Türgesh, could equally fit the description provided here. This seems more plausible, especially as Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century. | ||
One might also note that if Muhammad did in fact make these predictions, Islam's global imperial aspirations would make the conquest of any number of neighboring or nearby peoples a likelihood. | |||
===Leave the Turks as long as they leave you | ===Leave the Turks as long as they leave you=== | ||
This hadith is often referenced as evidence that Muhammad predicted the Ottoman empire, often ignoring the clause about the Abyssinians | |||
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|38|4288}}| | {{Quote|{{Abudawud|38|4288}}| | ||
Narrated from Abi Sukainah One of the Companions: | Narrated from Abi Sukainah One of the Companions: | ||
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}} | }} | ||
It is said that the Turks should be left alone because they were strong, and they are strong therefore they will eventually become dominant. This is an evidently generous reading of the hadith. | |||
In other hadith, Muhammad actually predicted that after a few wars, Muslims will exterminate the Turks: | In other hadith, Muhammad actually predicted that after a few wars, Muslims will exterminate the Turks: | ||
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But apologists like to say that "the pen" is a metaphor for "literacy". And literacy was already increasing before Muhammad was born. Jews and Christians first used oral traditions, but then switched to writing. The trend was already there. | But apologists like to say that "the pen" is a metaphor for "literacy". And literacy was already increasing before Muhammad was born. Jews and Christians first used oral traditions, but then switched to writing. The trend was already there. | ||
* And notice that the prophecy was written by people who were ''writing'' hadiths from oral traditions. | *And notice that the prophecy was written by people who were ''writing'' hadiths from oral traditions. | ||
===Family ties will be severed=== | ===Family ties will be severed=== | ||
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They like to translate the word الأطباق as "dishes" (although the classical translation (understanding) fits better into the context) and then they interpret the "dishes" as "satellites". | They like to translate the word الأطباق as "dishes" (although the classical translation (understanding) fits better into the context) and then they interpret the "dishes" as "satellites". | ||
* [https://hadithanswers.com/is-satellite-communication-a-sign-of-qiyamah/ Fatwa against the apologetic interpretation] | *[https://hadithanswers.com/is-satellite-communication-a-sign-of-qiyamah/ Fatwa against the apologetic interpretation] | ||
===Ignorance [of Islamic teachings]=== | ===Ignorance [of Islamic teachings]=== | ||
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The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Near the establishment of the Hour there will be days during which '''Religious ignorance will spread''', knowledge will be taken away (vanish) and there will be much Al-Harj, and Al- Harj means killing."}} | The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Near the establishment of the Hour there will be days during which '''Religious ignorance will spread''', knowledge will be taken away (vanish) and there will be much Al-Harj, and Al- Harj means killing."}} | ||
* In Islam, the period before Muhammad's career is called jahilya (ignorance). So even according to Islam, this already happened before Islam. | |||
* The hadith says only jahl, which is just "ignorance", but in context of Islam, when Muhammad says "knowledge" it means "knowledge of Muhamamd's claims and commands" and when Islam says "ignorance" it means "ignorance of Muhammad's claims and commands" | *In Islam, the period before Muhammad's career is called jahilya (ignorance). So even according to Islam, this already happened before Islam. | ||
* Muhammad probably noticed that Jews don't fully follow the law of Moses, so he could predict that Muslims won't follow his laws based on this experience. | *The hadith says only jahl, which is just "ignorance", but in context of Islam, when Muhammad says "knowledge" it means "knowledge of Muhamamd's claims and commands" and when Islam says "ignorance" it means "ignorance of Muhammad's claims and commands" | ||
*Muhammad probably noticed that Jews don't fully follow the law of Moses, so he could predict that Muslims won't follow his laws based on this experience. | |||
===Tall buildings=== | ===Tall buildings=== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
* There are currently people who compete in constructing tall skyscrapers (as apologists like to point out), but we don't see barefoot, naked destitute shepherds building them. | *There are currently people who compete in constructing tall skyscrapers (as apologists like to point out), but we don't see barefoot, naked destitute shepherds building them. | ||
* The Bible contained a story of the Tower of Babel, Egyptians built pyramids long before Islam.. So the desire to build tall buildings was nothing new. | *The Bible contained a story of the Tower of Babel, Egyptians built pyramids long before Islam.. So the desire to build tall buildings was nothing new. | ||
And the hadith doesn't say skyscrapers, it only says "tall" and "tall" is relative. There might have been people in the 7th century building buildings that could be considered tall in that time. Ibn Hajar wrote in his famous commentary on Sahih Bukhari: | And the hadith doesn't say skyscrapers, it only says "tall" and "tall" is relative. There might have been people in the 7th century building buildings that could be considered tall in that time. Ibn Hajar wrote in his famous commentary on Sahih Bukhari: | ||
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There's a modern metaphorical interpretation that "rising of the Sun from the west" refers to the rise of the Western civilization. | There's a modern metaphorical interpretation that "rising of the Sun from the west" refers to the rise of the Western civilization. | ||
* Let's say we translate مغرب as "the West". The prophecy literally says that the Sun will rise from "'''its''' West" (مغربها). Is the West somehow owned by the Sun? The translation of "rise from ''its'' setting-place" makes more sense than "rise from ''its'' West". | |||
* The rise of the secular Western civilization is not a supernatural event and it doesn't make people believe in Islam as the Quran and hadiths predicted | *Let's say we translate مغرب as "the West". The prophecy literally says that the Sun will rise from "'''its''' West" (مغربها). Is the West somehow owned by the Sun? The translation of "rise from ''its'' setting-place" makes more sense than "rise from ''its'' West". | ||
* The beast didn't come in the forenoon. | *The rise of the secular Western civilization is not a supernatural event and it doesn't make people believe in Islam as the Quran and hadiths predicted | ||
*The beast didn't come in the forenoon. | |||
There is also a Quranic verse which supports the concept that Allah literally moves the Sun from the East to the West and that it is therefore possible (for him) to move it the other way: | There is also a Quranic verse which supports the concept that Allah literally moves the Sun from the East to the West and that it is therefore possible (for him) to move it the other way: | ||
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See also: | See also: | ||
* [[Dhul-Qarnayn]] | |||
*[[Dhul-Qarnayn]] | |||
====Stones and trees say to Muslims: "here is a Jew behind me; come and kill him"==== | ====Stones and trees say to Muslims: "here is a Jew behind me; come and kill him"==== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
* [https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/118597/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86 Fatwa] (AR) puts this prophecy among non-fulfilled prophecies | *[https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/118597/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86 Fatwa] (AR) puts this prophecy among non-fulfilled prophecies | ||
====Conquest of Constantinopole without fighting and the Hour come together==== | ====Conquest of Constantinopole without fighting and the Hour come together==== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_caliphs Wikipedia: List of Caliphs] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_caliphs Wikipedia: List of Caliphs] | ||
====Rain which will destroy all dwellings except tents==== | ====Rain which will destroy all dwellings except tents==== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
* Circumbulating around Kaba in Yemen is shirk, idol-worship and sin, but circumbulating around Kaba in Mecca is tawheed and correct religion | *Circumbulating around Kaba in Yemen is shirk, idol-worship and sin, but circumbulating around Kaba in Mecca is tawheed and correct religion | ||
====People commonly have sex in the streets, like donkeys==== | ====People commonly have sex in the streets, like donkeys==== | ||
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This hadith could be also in the category of things that always happened, because although abundance of deaths is not happening, the pophecy is designed to make people think that "It's coming!" whenever someone is struck by lightning. | This hadith could be also in the category of things that always happened, because although abundance of deaths is not happening, the pophecy is designed to make people think that "It's coming!" whenever someone is struck by lightning. | ||
* John Jensenius (a lightning specialist) said that the number of injuries and deaths caused by lightning is actually going down. <ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/are-lightning-strikes-becoming-more-common/</ref> | *John Jensenius (a lightning specialist) said that the number of injuries and deaths caused by lightning is actually going down. <ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/are-lightning-strikes-becoming-more-common/</ref> | ||
====Luka bin Luka will be the happiest person==== | ====Luka bin Luka will be the happiest person==== | ||
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It's not clearly established that there are currently 73 sects. | It's not clearly established that there are currently 73 sects. | ||
* Counting sects is problematic/subjective because they overlap and further divide into sub-sects. Therefore the prediction is unverifiable. | *Counting sects is problematic/subjective because they overlap and further divide into sub-sects. Therefore the prediction is unverifiable. | ||
* If Muhammad meant that there one day there will be 73, then 74, then 75... then the number 73 is irrelevant and he only predicted that there will be many sects which was easy to predict, because other religions split into sects too. | *If Muhammad meant that there one day there will be 73, then 74, then 75... then the number 73 is irrelevant and he only predicted that there will be many sects which was easy to predict, because other religions split into sects too. | ||
====Emergence of Sufyani==== | ====Emergence of Sufyani==== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
* Gog and Magog (which are nowehere to be found although we the whole Earth mapped) are so numerous that their bows, arrows and shields can be used for seven years as firewood. | *Gog and Magog (which are nowehere to be found although we the whole Earth mapped) are so numerous that their bows, arrows and shields can be used for seven years as firewood. | ||
* Muhammad failed to predict modern technology and falsely thought that the technology of his time will be used until the end of times | *Muhammad failed to predict modern technology and falsely thought that the technology of his time will be used until the end of times | ||
===Fulfilled=== | ===Fulfilled=== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
* [https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/247118/%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9 Fatwa] (Arabic) says that since it's not from Muhammad, it shouldn't even be called a hadith | *[https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/247118/%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9 Fatwa] (Arabic) says that since it's not from Muhammad, it shouldn't even be called a hadith | ||
* After Muslims got rich by early Islamic conquests they could afford to build bigger buildings and it was easy to predict that the buildings would get bigger and bigger | *After Muslims got rich by early Islamic conquests they could afford to build bigger buildings and it was easy to predict that the buildings would get bigger and bigger | ||
==="People will treat a man with respect because they fear the evil he could do"=== | ==="People will treat a man with respect because they fear the evil he could do"=== | ||
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And this was happening long before Islam. | And this was happening long before Islam. | ||
* [https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/343078/ islamweb.net: Fatwa against this fabricated hadith] (English) | *[https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/343078/ islamweb.net: Fatwa against this fabricated hadith] (English) | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Quranic Prophecies]] | |||
*[[Quranic Prophecies]] | |||
External: | External: | ||
* [https://detechter.com/15-ancient-hindu-predictions-that-have-come-true/#List_of_15_Ancient_Hindu_Prophecy_From_Bhagavata_Purana 15 Hindu predictions] | |||
*[https://detechter.com/15-ancient-hindu-predictions-that-have-come-true/#List_of_15_Ancient_Hindu_Prophecy_From_Bhagavata_Purana 15 Hindu predictions] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Islamic Propaganda]] | [[Category:Islamic Propaganda]] | ||
[[Category:Islamic Prophecies]] | [[Category:Islamic Prophecies]] | ||
<references /> |