Prophecies in the Hadith: Difference between revisions

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Prophecies in the Hadith (view source)

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Some suggest that "Turks" here means "Mongols" and that this thus predicts Gengis Khan. However, The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kharistan Battle of Kharistan] (737) which happened between the Umayyad caliphate and Turkic Türgesh, could equally fit the description provided here. This seems more plausible, especially as Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century.
Some suggest that "Turks" here means "Mongols" and that this thus predicts Gengis Khan. However, The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kharistan Battle of Kharistan] (737) which happened between the Umayyad caliphate and Turkic Türgesh, could equally fit the description provided here. This seems more plausible, especially as Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century.


One might also note that if Muhammad did in fact make these predictions, Islam's global imperial aspirations would make the conquest of any number of neighboring or nearby peoples a likelihood.
One might also note that if Muhammad did in fact make these predictions, Islam's global imperial aspirations (proven as they were by the end of Muhammad's life) would make the conquest of any number of neighboring or nearby peoples a likelihood.


===Leave the Turks as long as they leave you===
===Leave the Turks as long as they leave you===
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It is said that the Turks should be left alone because they were strong, and they are strong therefore they will eventually become dominant. This is an evidently generous reading of the hadith.
It is said that the Turks should be left alone because they were strong, and they were strong therefore they would eventually become dominant. This is an evidently generous reading of the hadith.


In other hadith, Muhammad actually predicted that after a few wars, Muslims will exterminate the Turks:
In other hadith, Muhammad is reported to have predicted that after a few wars, Muslims would exterminate the Turks:
{{Quote|Ibn Hajar, Takhreej Mishkaat al-Masabih 5/110 (hasan) and others <ref>http://hdith.com/?s=%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%90%D9%84%D9%8F%D9%83%D9%85+%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8C+%D8%B5%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8F+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%90+%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8F%D9%91%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8E</ref>|
{{Quote|Ibn Hajar, Takhreej Mishkaat al-Masabih 5/110 (hasan) and others <ref>http://hdith.com/?s=%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%90%D9%84%D9%8F%D9%83%D9%85+%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8C+%D8%B5%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8F+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%90+%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8F%D9%91%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8E</ref>|
يقاتِلُكم قومٌ صغارُ الأعينِ يعني التُّركَ قالَ تسوقونَهم ثلاثَ مرات حتَّى تُلحِقوهم بجزيرةِ العربِ فأمَّا في السِّاقةِ الأولى فينجو من هربَ منهم فأمَّا في الثَّانيةِ فينجو بعضٌ ويَهلِكُ بعضٌ وأمَّا في الثَّالثةِ فيصطَلِمونَ
يقاتِلُكم قومٌ صغارُ الأعينِ يعني التُّركَ قالَ تسوقونَهم ثلاثَ مرات حتَّى تُلحِقوهم بجزيرةِ العربِ فأمَّا في السِّاقةِ الأولى فينجو من هربَ منهم فأمَّا في الثَّانيةِ فينجو بعضٌ ويَهلِكُ بعضٌ وأمَّا في الثَّالثةِ فيصطَلِمونَ
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People with small eyes, i.e. the Turks, will fight against you, the prophet (ﷺ) said: You will drive them off three times till you catch up with them in Arabia. On the first occasion when you drive them off those who fly will be safe, on the second occasion some will be safe and some will perish, but '''on the third occasion they will be extirpated'''.
People with small eyes, i.e. the Turks, will fight against you, the prophet (ﷺ) said: You will drive them off three times till you catch up with them in Arabia. On the first occasion when you drive them off those who fly will be safe, on the second occasion some will be safe and some will perish, but '''on the third occasion they will be extirpated'''.
}}
}}
And the Quran also commanded not to attack Meccan polytheists near the Sacred Mosque, until they attack:
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|191}}|
And kill them wherever you overtake them and expel them from wherever they have expelled you, and fitnah is worse than killing. And '''do not fight them at al-Masjid al- Haram until they fight you''' there. But if they fight you, then kill them. Such is the recompense of the disbelievers.
}}
Does this mean that the Meccan poletheists are invincible and they will have a great empire?


===Fat people===
===Fat people===
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The idea that only the Quran is the word of god and Muhamamad is just a man and therefore he might be wrong was nothing new during the time of Muhammad. The idea existed during is life:
The idea that only the Quran is the word of god and Muhamamad is just a man and therefore he might be wrong existed during Muhammad's life:
{{Quote|Reference: Sunan Abi Dawud 3646, In-book reference: Book 26, Hadith 6, English translation: Book 25, Hadith 3639|
{{Quote|Reference: Sunan Abi Dawud 3646, In-book reference: Book 26, Hadith 6, English translation: Book 25, Hadith 3639|
Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-'As:
Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-'As:
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I used to write everything which I heard from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). I intended (by it) to memorise it. The Quraysh prohibited me saying: '''Do you write everything that you hear from him while the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) is a human being: he speaks in anger and pleasure?''' So I stopped writing, and mentioned it to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He signalled with his finger to him mouth and said: Write, by Him in Whose hand my soul lies, only right comes out from it.
I used to write everything which I heard from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). I intended (by it) to memorise it. The Quraysh prohibited me saying: '''Do you write everything that you hear from him while the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) is a human being: he speaks in anger and pleasure?''' So I stopped writing, and mentioned it to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He signalled with his finger to him mouth and said: Write, by Him in Whose hand my soul lies, only right comes out from it.
}}
}}
Although Muhammad didn't agree that he might be wrong, the opinion existed, so it was easy to "predict".
===Liars will be trusted and honest people will be regarded as liars===
===Liars will be trusted and honest people will be regarded as liars===
{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah Vol. 5, Book 36, Hadith 4036 (hasan)|
{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah Vol. 5, Book 36, Hadith 4036 (hasan)|
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}}


This was already happening according to Islamic sources. Some people trusted Musaylimah although according to Islam he was a false prophet. And some people didn't trust Muhammad, although according to Islam he was a real prophet.
This was already happening according to Islamic sources. Some people trusted Musaylimah.


==="The pen will spread"===
==="The pen will spread"===
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Ibn Mas’ud reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Just before the Hour, the greeting of peace will only be given to specific people, trade will proliferate to the point that a woman will help her husband in his business, family ties will be severed, '''the pen will spread''', false testimony will prevail and truthful testimony will be concealed.”
Ibn Mas’ud reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Just before the Hour, the greeting of peace will only be given to specific people, trade will proliferate to the point that a woman will help her husband in his business, family ties will be severed, '''the pen will spread''', false testimony will prevail and truthful testimony will be concealed.”
}}
}}
"The pen (القلم) will spread" is a vague statement. Is it the pen or "the Pen"? There is the Pen that Allah created first and which writes the future:
There is the Pen that Allah created first and which writes the future:
{{Quote|Tirmidhi: Vol. 5, Book 44, Hadith 3319 (sahih)|
{{Quote|Tirmidhi: Vol. 5, Book 44, Hadith 3319 (sahih)|
“I arrived in Makkah and met Ata bin Abi Rabah. I said: ‘O Abu Muhammad! Some people with us speak about Al-Qadar.’ Ata said: ‘I met Al-Walid bin Ubadah bin As-Samit and he said: “My father narrated to me, he said: ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah saying: “Verily '''the first of what Allah created was the Pen (القلم). He said to it: “Write.” So it wrote what will be forever'''.’”
“I arrived in Makkah and met Ata bin Abi Rabah. I said: ‘O Abu Muhammad! Some people with us speak about Al-Qadar.’ Ata said: ‘I met Al-Walid bin Ubadah bin As-Samit and he said: “My father narrated to me, he said: ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah saying: “Verily '''the first of what Allah created was the Pen (القلم). He said to it: “Write.” So it wrote what will be forever'''.’”
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}}
}}


If it means "a pen", the tool for writing, then the pen is actually used less and less and is replaced by usage of keyboards. Then it would be a false prophecy.
Literacy was increasing before Muhammad was born. Jews and Christians first used oral traditions, but then switched to writing. There was also the ongoing global transitions from oral cultures to written cultures more generally.
 
But apologists like to say that "the pen" is a metaphor for "literacy". And literacy was already increasing before Muhammad was born. Jews and Christians first used oral traditions, but then switched to writing. The trend was already there.


*And notice that the prophecy was written by people who were ''writing'' hadiths from oral traditions.
Notice also that the prophecy was written by people who were ''writing'' hadiths from oral traditions.


===Family ties will be severed===
===Family ties will be severed===
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Ibn Mas’ud reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Just before the Hour, the greeting of peace will only be given to specific people, trade will proliferate to the point that a woman will help her husband in his business, '''family ties will be severed''' (وَقَطْعُ الأَرْحَامِ), the pen will spread, false testimony will prevail and truthful testimony will be concealed.”
Ibn Mas’ud reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Just before the Hour, the greeting of peace will only be given to specific people, trade will proliferate to the point that a woman will help her husband in his business, '''family ties will be severed''' (وَقَطْعُ الأَرْحَامِ), the pen will spread, false testimony will prevail and truthful testimony will be concealed.”
}}
}}
Absolutely nothing new. Even in Islam, Muslims believe that among the first people were brothers Cain and Abel and Cain killed Abel. According to Islam it already happened at the beginning of humanity.
Islam teaches that among the first people were brothers Cain and Abel and Cain killed Abel.


There is also hadith where Muhammad encourages people to keep the ties of kinship, which indicates they weren't doing it enough in his time:
There is also hadith where Muhammad encourages people to keep the ties of kinship, which indicates they weren't doing it enough in his time:
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Killing of family members was also approved by Muhammad:
Killing of family members for the sake of Islam was also approved by Muhammad:
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|38|4348}}|Narrated Abdullah Ibn Abbas: A blind man had a slave-mother who used to abuse the Prophet (peace be upon him) and disparage him. He forbade her but she did not stop. He rebuked her but she did not give up her habit. One night she began to slander the Prophet (peace be upon him) and abuse him. So he took a dagger, placed it on her belly, pressed it, and killed her. A child who came between her legs was smeared with the blood that was there. When the morning came, the Prophet (peace be upon him) was informed about it.  
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|38|4348}}|Narrated Abdullah Ibn Abbas: A blind man had a slave-mother who used to abuse the Prophet (peace be upon him) and disparage him. He forbade her but she did not stop. He rebuked her but she did not give up her habit. One night she began to slander the Prophet (peace be upon him) and abuse him. So he took a dagger, placed it on her belly, pressed it, and killed her. A child who came between her legs was smeared with the blood that was there. When the morning came, the Prophet (peace be upon him) was informed about it.  


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Thereupon the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Oh be witness, no retaliation is payable for her blood.}}
Thereupon the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Oh be witness, no retaliation is payable for her blood.}}


===Supposedly "satellite communication" (according to apologists)===
===Satellite Communications===
It's a similar prophecy to "family ties will be severed", but apologists like to add a mistranslation in this case (also the hadith is weak):
It's a similar prophecy to "family ties will be severed", this hadith is often mistranslated (also the hadith is weak):
{{Quote|Tabrani, al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr 10/228 and Mu'jan al-Awsat 4861 (da'eef)|
{{Quote|Tabrani, al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr 10/228 and Mu'jan al-Awsat 4861 (da'eef)|
“From among the signs of Qiyamah is that people will maintain ties with '''distant relatives and strangers''' (الأطباق) but sever ties with close family.”
“From among the signs of Qiyamah is that people will maintain ties with '''distant relatives and strangers''' (الأطباق) but sever ties with close family.”
}}
}}
They like to translate the word الأطباق as "dishes" (although the classical translation (understanding) fits better into the context) and then they interpret the "dishes" as "satellites".
The word الأطباق is today sometimes translated as "dishes" (although the classical translation (understanding) fits better into the context) and then they interpret the "dishes" as "satellites".


*[https://hadithanswers.com/is-satellite-communication-a-sign-of-qiyamah/ Fatwa against the apologetic interpretation]
*[https://hadithanswers.com/is-satellite-communication-a-sign-of-qiyamah/ Fatwa against the modern interpretation]


===Ignorance [of Islamic teachings]===
===Ignorance [of Islamic teachings]===
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The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Near the establishment of the Hour there will be days during which '''Religious ignorance will spread''', knowledge will be taken away (vanish) and there will be much Al-Harj, and Al- Harj means killing."}}
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Near the establishment of the Hour there will be days during which '''Religious ignorance will spread''', knowledge will be taken away (vanish) and there will be much Al-Harj, and Al- Harj means killing."}}


*In Islam, the period before Muhammad's career is called jahilya (ignorance). So even according to Islam, this already happened before Islam.
*In Islam, the period before Muhammad's career is called jahilya (ignorance).
*The hadith says only jahl, which is just "ignorance", but in context of Islam, when Muhammad says "knowledge" it means "knowledge of Muhamamd's claims and commands" and when Islam says "ignorance" it means "ignorance of Muhammad's claims and commands"
*in context of Islam, when Muhammad says "knowledge" it means "knowledge of Muhamamd's claims and commands" and when Islam says "ignorance" it means "ignorance of Muhammad's claims and commands"
*Muhammad probably noticed that Jews don't fully follow the law of Moses, so he could predict that Muslims won't follow his laws based on this experience.
*Muhammad noticed that Jews don't fully follow the law of Moses, so he predicted similar outcomes for Muslims in many instances.


===Tall buildings===
===Tall buildings===
The word "competing" is not there literally in Arabic, so it might just mean that they will make buildings taller:
{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||1|1|63}} <ref>https://sunnah.com/urn/1250630</ref>|
{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||1|1|63}} <ref>https://sunnah.com/urn/1250630</ref>|
وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبِنَاءِ
وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبِنَاءِ


..and when '''you see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds''' competing in constructing tall buildings
..and when '''you see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds''' competing in constructing tall buildings
}}
}}The Bible contained a story of the Tower of Babel, Egyptians built pyramids. The desire and ability to construct tall buildings appears to has been common in history.
 
*There are currently people who compete in constructing tall skyscrapers (as apologists like to point out), but we don't see barefoot, naked destitute shepherds building them.
*The Bible contained a story of the Tower of Babel, Egyptians built pyramids long before Islam.. So the desire to build tall buildings was nothing new.


And the hadith doesn't say skyscrapers, it only says "tall" and "tall" is relative. There might have been people in the 7th century building buildings that could be considered tall in that time. Ibn Hajar wrote in his famous commentary on Sahih Bukhari:
There were people in the 7th century building buildings that could be considered tall in that time. Ibn Hajar wrote in his famous commentary on Sahih Bukhari:
{{Quote|Ibn Hajar: Fatḥ al-Bārī fī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī|
{{Quote|Ibn Hajar: Fatḥ al-Bārī fī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī|
يتطاول الناس في البنيان وهي من العلامات التي وقعت عن قرب في زمن النبوة  
يتطاول الناس في البنيان وهي من العلامات التي وقعت عن قرب في زمن النبوة  
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}}
}}


Muslims could afford building tall buildings after they got rich from early Islamic conquests. And Muhammad was already condemning excessive building during his life, so it was already happening:
Muslims could afford building tall buildings after they got rich from early Islamic conquests. And Muhammad was already condemning excessive building during his life, which suggests that this was taking place.
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|70|576}}|
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|70|576}}|
Narrated Qais bin Abi Hazim:
Narrated Qais bin Abi Hazim:
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}}
}}


The addition about the buildings being "as high as mountains" is dealt with in the section about hadiths falsely ascribed to Muhammad
Some add that theses buildings were described as being "as high as mountains", however this is a [[List of Fabricated Hadith|known fabrication]].


===Voices raised in mosques===
===Voices raised in mosques===
Apologists like to say that it's in Tirmidhi, but they forget to add that it's daif:
The hadith is daif:
{{Quote|Tirmidhi: Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2211 (daif)|
{{Quote|Tirmidhi: Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2211 (daif)|
Abu Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said:
Abu Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said:
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}}
}}


And it isn't really a prediction, because people were raising voices even in the time of Muhammad in front of him. Muhammad rebuked them in the Quran:
People were raising voices even in the time of Muhammad in front of him. Muhammad rebuked them in the Quran:
{{Quote|{{Quran|49|2}} (Sahih International)|
{{Quote|{{Quran|49|2}} (Sahih International)|
O you who have believed, do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet or be loud to him in speech like the loudness of some of you to others, lest your deeds become worthless while you perceive not.
O you who have believed, do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet or be loud to him in speech like the loudness of some of you to others, lest your deeds become worthless while you perceive not.
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}}


There was already a precedent. Christians and Jews were adorning their places of worship:
There was a precedent. Christians and Jews were adorning their places of worship:
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|2|448}}|
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|2|448}}|
Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:
Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:
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The Hour won't come till tribulations show up, lies are widespread and '''taqaarub of markets''' and taqaarub of time and harj is widespread. I said: What is al-harj? He said: Killing.
The Hour won't come till tribulations show up, lies are widespread and '''taqaarub of markets''' and taqaarub of time and harj is widespread. I said: What is al-harj? He said: Killing.
}}
}}
Taqaarub of markets is as vague as the taqaarub of time.
The hadith is vague in its entirety, but the situation on markets expectedly changed after Muslims got rich by the 7th century conquests.
 
But we can expect that the situation on markets changed after Muslims got rich by the 7th century Islamic conquests.


===Breaking the convenant with god makes enemies overpower them===
===Breaking the convenant with god makes enemies overpower them===
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This was nothing new in the 7th century. It's an old Jewish tradition. It was mentioned in the Old Testament, more than a thousand years before Muhammad.
This is mentioned in the Old Testament:
{{Quote|The Bible (NIV), Leviticus 26:14-17|
{{Quote|The Bible (NIV), Leviticus 26:14-17|
Punishment for Disobedience
Punishment for Disobedience
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“‘But if you will not listen to me and carry out all these commands, and if you reject my decrees and abhor my laws and fail to carry out all my commands and so violate my covenant, then I will do this to you: I will bring on you sudden terror, wasting diseases and fever that will destroy your sight and sap your strength. You will plant seed in vain, because your enemies will eat it. I will set my face against you so that you will be defeated by your enemies; those who hate you will rule over you, and you will flee even when no one is pursuing you.
“‘But if you will not listen to me and carry out all these commands, and if you reject my decrees and abhor my laws and fail to carry out all my commands and so violate my covenant, then I will do this to you: I will bring on you sudden terror, wasting diseases and fever that will destroy your sight and sap your strength. You will plant seed in vain, because your enemies will eat it. I will set my face against you so that you will be defeated by your enemies; those who hate you will rule over you, and you will flee even when no one is pursuing you.
}}
}}
And the prophecy is unfalsifiable. If believers did follow god's laws and were overpowered by their enemies anyway, they could say that "it's a test". And if they didn't follow god's laws, but weren't overpowered by their enemies as a punishment, it might be because god is letting them be misguided, but is planning to punish them in the afterlife.


===A man passes by a grave and wants to be dead too===
===A man passes by a grave and wants to be dead too===
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}}


A desire to be dead was nothing new in the 7th century. The Old Testament already mentioned it:
The Old Testament mentions this:
{{Quote|The Bible (NASB), Jonah 4:3|
{{Quote|The Bible (NASB), Jonah 4:3|
"Therefore now, O LORD, please take my life from me, for death is better to me than life."
"Therefore now, O LORD, please take my life from me, for death is better to me than life."
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===The leader of a people will be the worst of them===
===The leader of a people will be the worst of them===
Apologists who mention this prophecy usually hide the fact that the hadith is ''weak'' (daif).
This hadith is daif (weak).
{{Quote|Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2210 (daif)|
{{Quote|Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2210 (daif)|
Ali bin Abi Talib narrated that the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said:
Ali bin Abi Talib narrated that the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said:
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}}
}}


It was nothing new that the leader of a people can be more evil than them. And it already happened during the time of Muhammad:
This happened during the time of Muhammad:
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||2155|darussalam}}| Abu Said al-Khudri said: "The apostle of Allah sent a military expedition to Awtas on the occasion of the battle of Hunain. They met their enemy and fought with them. They defeated them and took them captives. Some of the Companions of the apostle of Allah were reluctant to have intercourse with the female captives because of their pagan husbands. So Allah, the Exalted, sent down the Quranic verse, "And all married women (are forbidden) unto you save those (captives) whom your right hands possess". That is to say, they are lawful for them when they complete their waiting period." [The Quran verse is 4:24]}}
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||2155|darussalam}}| Abu Said al-Khudri said: "The apostle of Allah sent a military expedition to Awtas on the occasion of the battle of Hunain. They met their enemy and fought with them. They defeated them and took them captives. Some of the Companions of the apostle of Allah were reluctant to have intercourse with the female captives because of their pagan husbands. So Allah, the Exalted, sent down the Quranic verse, "And all married women (are forbidden) unto you save those (captives) whom your right hands possess". That is to say, they are lawful for them when they complete their waiting period." [The Quran verse is 4:24]}}


The men were morally reluctant to rape married women, but their leader (Muhammad) "revealed" to them that it's ok.
The men were morally reluctant to rape married women, but their leader (Muhammad) permitted them to go ahead.


==Predictions of the future (after the hadiths)==
==Predictions of the future (after the hadiths)==
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==="Opposites"===
==="Opposites"===
This is a special category, because it doesn't seem to be a prediction, but rather a statement that the opposite of what was considered granted at that time will happen. For example mountains were considered solid (not moving), so a prophecy says that mountains will be moving. These predictions could be made mechanically just by saying the opposite of what currently happens. So even if they somehow came true, there would still be an alternative explanation for how the prophecy was made.
These don't seem to be predictions, but rather statements that the opposite of what was considered granted at that time will happen. For example mountains were considered solid (not moving), so a prophecy says that mountains will be moving. Rather then explaining the fulfillment of these prophecies, this common denominator suggests how the predictions were generated.


====Mountains will move====
====Mountains will move====
This hadith is da'eef (thanks to  Ufayr bin Ma'daan in the chain), but some Islamic apologists still like to use it and present it as if it was sahih:
This hadith is da'eef (Ufayr bin Ma'daan is in the chain):
{{Quote|Mu'jam at-Tabaraani vol 7, n. 6857|
{{Quote|Mu'jam at-Tabaraani vol 7, n. 6857|
لا تقومُ الساعةُ حتى تزولَ الجبالُ عن أماكِنِها وتَرَوْنَ الأمورَ العظامَ التي لم تَكُونوا تَرَوْنَها
لا تقومُ الساعةُ حتى تزولَ الجبالُ عن أماكِنِها وتَرَوْنَ الأمورَ العظامَ التي لم تَكُونوا تَرَوْنَها
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The Hour will not begin until the '''mountains are moved from their places''' and you see great calamities which you have never seen before.
The Hour will not begin until the '''mountains are moved from their places''' and you see great calamities which you have never seen before.
}}
}}
Mountains were considered as not moving, so a prophecy could be make simply by saying that the opposite of what usually happens will happen.
====Non-speaking objects will start speaking====
====Non-speaking objects will start speaking====
{{Quote|Jami' al-Tirmidhi Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2181 (sahih)|
{{Quote|Jami' al-Tirmidhi Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2181 (sahih)|
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}}
}}


According to some apologists the predictions of speaking predators, whips, straps and thighs are predictions of modern technology like mobile phones, although the hadith literally talks about predators, whips, straps and thighs, not man-made objects designed for communication. Also in the hadith, the objects are themselves speaking, there is no indication that people will talk to each other ''through'' those objects.
Though this hadith is often metaphorisized to refer to modern technology, the original wording of the hadith appears to be rather literal in its intention.


The idea that a thing that doesn't talk could talk wasn't outside of the capability of imagination of primitive people in the 7th century and also it was nothing new. The Old Testament already had a story about a talking serpent:
The Old Testament already has a story about a talking serpent:
{{Quote|The Bible, Genesis 3:1|
{{Quote|The Bible, Genesis 3:1|
Now '''the serpent''' was more crafty than any of the wild animals the Lord God had made. '''He said''' to the woman, “Did God really say, ‘You must not eat from any tree in the garden’?”
Now '''the serpent''' was more crafty than any of the wild animals the Lord God had made. '''He said''' to the woman, “Did God really say, ‘You must not eat from any tree in the garden’?”
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The Last Hour will not come before wealth becomes abundant and overflowing, so much so that a man takes Zakat out of his property and cannot find anyone to accept it from him and '''till the land of Arabia reverts to meadows and rivers.'''
The Last Hour will not come before wealth becomes abundant and overflowing, so much so that a man takes Zakat out of his property and cannot find anyone to accept it from him and '''till the land of Arabia reverts to meadows and rivers.'''
}}
}}
There were deserts. The opposite of deserts is meadows and rivers.


====Much rain, but little vegetation====
====Much rain, but little vegetation====
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The Hour would not come until there is too much rain, but the earth does not produce crops
The Hour would not come until there is too much rain, but the earth does not produce crops
}}
}}
Rain was commonly connected to growth of vegetation, so Muhammad predicted the opposite.
===Other Predictions About the Future===
 
===Unfulfilled===
In this category are predictions that didn't come true. Some of them (like coming of the Dajjal) are not falsifiable, since they could still happen in the future. While others couldn't happen even in the future.
 
====Coming of Muhammad and the Hour are close like the forefinger and middle finger joined together====
====Coming of Muhammad and the Hour are close like the forefinger and middle finger joined together====
{{Quote|{{Muslim|41|7049}}|
{{Quote|{{Muslim|41|7049}}|
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I and the Last Hour have been sent like this and (he while doing it) joined the forefinger with the middle finger.
I and the Last Hour have been sent like this and (he while doing it) joined the forefinger with the middle finger.
}}
}}
Muhammad died 14 centuries ago and the Hour didn't come.


====A 7th century boy won't grow very old before the Hour comes====
====A 7th century boy won't grow very old before the Hour comes====
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When would the Last Hour come? Thereupon Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) kept quiet for a while. Then looked at a young boy in his presence belonging to the tribe of Azd Shanu'a and he said: If this boy lives he would not grow very old till the Last Hour would come ''to you''. Anas said that this young boy was of our age during those days.
When would the Last Hour come? Thereupon Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) kept quiet for a while. Then looked at a young boy in his presence belonging to the tribe of Azd Shanu'a and he said: If this boy lives he would not grow very old till the Last Hour would come ''to you''. Anas said that this young boy was of our age during those days.
}}
}}
The "to you" was added by the translators to indicate that it is the last hour (death) of the people who asked, but it's not in Arabic.
The "to you" was added by the translators to indicate that it is the last hour (death) of the people who asked, however this qualification is entirely absent in the Arabic text.
 
The boy died 14 hundred years ago and the Hour didn't come.


====Nothing will live one hundred years from now====
====Nothing will live one hundred years from now====
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Once the Prophet (ﷺ) led us in the `Isha' prayer during the last days of his life and after finishing it (the prayer) (with Taslim) he said: "Do you realize (the importance of) this night?" Nobody present on the surface of the earth tonight will be living after the completion of one hundred years from this night."
Once the Prophet (ﷺ) led us in the `Isha' prayer during the last days of his life and after finishing it (the prayer) (with Taslim) he said: "Do you realize (the importance of) this night?" Nobody present on the surface of the earth tonight will be living after the completion of one hundred years from this night."
}}
}}
One hundred years from his prayer passed and all organisms didn't die.
====If 10 scholars of the Jews would follow me, no Jew would be left upon the surface of the earth====
====If 10 scholars of the Jews would follow me, no Jew would be left upon the surface of the earth====
{{Quote|{{Muslim|39|6711}}|
{{Quote|{{Muslim|39|6711}}|
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If ten scholars of the Jews would follow me, no Jew would be left upon the surface of the earth who would not embrace Islam.
If ten scholars of the Jews would follow me, no Jew would be left upon the surface of the earth who would not embrace Islam.
}}
}}
10 Jewish scholars converted to Islam, but Jews are still there.


====30 false prophets before the Hour====
====30 false prophets before the Hour====
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The Last Hour would not come until there would arise about thirty impostors, liars, and each one of them would claim that he is a messenger of Allah.
The Last Hour would not come until there would arise about thirty impostors, liars, and each one of them would claim that he is a messenger of Allah.
}}
}}
Muhammad himself was among many self-proclaimed prophets and even in his time there were other prophet like Saf ibn Sayyad and Maslamah bin Ḥabīb (called by Muslims "Musaylimah al-Kadhdhāb" (Musaylama the Liar)), Al-Aswad Al-Ansi and Tulayha.
In his time there were other prophets like Saf ibn Sayyad and Maslamah bin Ḥabīb (called by Muslims "Musaylimah al-Kadhdhāb" (Musaylama the Liar)), Al-Aswad Al-Ansi and Tulayha.


Muhammad predicted that there were will be around 30 false prophets, but there were much more self-proclaimed prophets and the Hour didn't come, so it's one of Muhammad's failed prophecies.
False prophets were also already predicted in the Bible:
 
Prediction of false prophets was also nothing new. False prophets were already predicted in the Bible, hundreds of years before Muhammad:
{{Quote|The Bible (NIV), Matthew 24:10-11|
{{Quote|The Bible (NIV), Matthew 24:10-11|
At that time many will turn away from the faith and will betray and hate each other, and many '''false prophets will appear and deceive many people'''.  
At that time many will turn away from the faith and will betray and hate each other, and many '''false prophets will appear and deceive many people'''.  
}}
}}
If Muhamamd meant that there will be 30, then 31, then 32... then the number 30 is irrelevant and he only predicted that there will be a lot of other false prophets and that was already happening in his lifetime.


====Rising of the Sun from its setting place====
====Rising of the Sun from its setting place====
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We were sitting in the shade of the chamber of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) discussing (something) and when we mentioned the last hour, our voices rose high. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: The last hour will not come or happen until there appear ten signs before it : '''the rising of the sun in its place of setting''', the coming forth of the beast, the coming forth of Gog and Magog, the Dajjal (Antichrist), (the descent of) Jesus son of Mary, the smoke, and three collapses of the earth: one in the west, one in the east, and one in the Arabian Peninsula. The last of that will be the emergence of a fire from Yemen, from the lowest part of Aden, and drive mankind to their place of assembly.
We were sitting in the shade of the chamber of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) discussing (something) and when we mentioned the last hour, our voices rose high. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: The last hour will not come or happen until there appear ten signs before it : '''the rising of the sun in its place of setting''', the coming forth of the beast, the coming forth of Gog and Magog, the Dajjal (Antichrist), (the descent of) Jesus son of Mary, the smoke, and three collapses of the earth: one in the west, one in the east, and one in the Arabian Peninsula. The last of that will be the emergence of a fire from Yemen, from the lowest part of Aden, and drive mankind to their place of assembly.
}}
}}
This prophecy is definitely wrong, because it assumes that the Sun moves around the Earth (which was a common misconception among 7th century primitive people).
This seems to suggest that the sun revolves about the Earth and can reverse direction


There is also a related verse in the Quran, which doesn't mention it explicitly:
There is also a related verse in the Quran:{{Quote|{{Quran|6|158}}|
{{Quote|{{Quran|6|158}}|
Do they [then] wait for anything except that the angels should come to them or your Lord should come or that there come some of the signs of your Lord? The Day that '''some of the signs of your Lord will come no soul will benefit from its faith as long as it had not believed before''' or had earned through its faith some good. Say, "Wait. Indeed, we [also] are waiting."
Do they [then] wait for anything except that the angels should come to them or your Lord should come or that there come some of the signs of your Lord? The Day that '''some of the signs of your Lord will come no soul will benefit from its faith as long as it had not believed before''' or had earned through its faith some good. Say, "Wait. Indeed, we [also] are waiting."
}}
}}
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}}
}}


So it will be a shocking supernatural event and it will be a definite proof of Islam and everyone will believe. But their faith won't count, because they've seen the evidence for Islam. The belief only counts when it's baseless.
Another hadith says that right after the rising, a beast will appear in the forenoon:{{Quote|Abu Dawud 4310 (sahih)|
 
Another hadith says that right after the rising, the beast will appear in the forenoon:
{{Quote|Abu Dawud 4310 (sahih)|
Abu zur’ah said:
Abu zur’ah said:
A group of people came to Marwan in Medina, and they heard him say that the first of the signs to appear would be the coming forth of the Dajjal (Antichirst). He said: I then went to Abd Allah b. ‘Amr and mentioned it to him. He did not say anything(reliable). I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: '''The first of the signs to appear will be the rising of the sun in its place of setting and the coming forth of the beast against mankind in the forenoon.''' Whichever of them comes first will soon be followed by the other. ’Abd Allah who used to read the scriptures (Torah, Gospel) said: I think the first of them will be the rising of the sun in its place of setting.
A group of people came to Marwan in Medina, and they heard him say that the first of the signs to appear would be the coming forth of the Dajjal (Antichirst). He said: I then went to Abd Allah b. ‘Amr and mentioned it to him. He did not say anything(reliable). I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: '''The first of the signs to appear will be the rising of the sun in its place of setting and the coming forth of the beast against mankind in the forenoon.''' Whichever of them comes first will soon be followed by the other. ’Abd Allah who used to read the scriptures (Torah, Gospel) said: I think the first of them will be the rising of the sun in its place of setting.
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}}
}}


There's a modern metaphorical interpretation that "rising of the Sun from the west" refers to the rise of the Western civilization.
Some today proffer metaphorical interpretation that the "rising of the Sun from the west" refers to the rise of the Western civilization, though this would leave the segment regarding the beast unexplained.


*Let's say we translate مغرب as "the West". The prophecy literally says that the Sun will rise from "'''its''' West" (مغربها). Is the West somehow owned by the Sun? The translation of "rise from ''its'' setting-place" makes more sense than "rise from ''its'' West".
The Quran seems to affirm the possibility that God could make the Sun "rise from the West":
*The rise of the secular Western civilization is not a supernatural event and it doesn't make people believe in Islam as the Quran and hadiths predicted
*The beast didn't come in the forenoon.
 
There is also a Quranic verse which supports the concept that Allah literally moves the Sun from the East to the West and that it is therefore possible (for him) to move it the other way:
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|258}}|
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|258}}|
Have you not considered the one who argued with Abraham about his Lord [merely] because Allah had given him kingship? When Abraham said, "My Lord is the one who gives life and causes death," he said, "I give life and cause death." Abraham said, "Indeed, '''Allah brings up the sun from the east''', so bring it up from the west." So the disbeliever was overwhelmed [by astonishment], and Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people.
Have you not considered the one who argued with Abraham about his Lord [merely] because Allah had given him kingship? When Abraham said, "My Lord is the one who gives life and causes death," he said, "I give life and cause death." Abraham said, "Indeed, '''Allah brings up the sun from the east''', so bring it up from the west." So the disbeliever was overwhelmed [by astonishment], and Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people.
}}
}}


See also:
See also Dhul-Qarnayn's story in the Quran, where this possibility is further confirmed, as the Sun is described to set in a muddy spring at the "farthest part" of the world":


*[[Dhul-Qarnayn]]
*[[Dhul-Qarnayn]]
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}}
}}


Stones and trees don't talk and psychologically healthy people would consider it a miracle if they talked. But for Muhammad it wasn't something special, he was "hearing" voices of non-living objects even before he started "hearing" the voice of god:
Muhammad used to hear other voices as well:
{{Quote|{{Muslim|30|5654}}|Jabir b. Samura reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: I recognise '''the stone in Mecca which used to pay me salutations''' before my advent as a Prophet and I recognise that even now.}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim|30|5654}}|Jabir b. Samura reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: I recognise '''the stone in Mecca which used to pay me salutations''' before my advent as a Prophet and I recognise that even now.}}


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}}
}}


Islamic scholars don't even know what the prophecy means:
Islamic scholars have interpreted this variously, without any agreement as to the possible meaning:
{{Quote|[https://islamqa.info/en/answers/34618/one-of-the-signs-of-the-hour-is-that-time-will-pass-more-quickly islamqa.info: One of the signs of the Hour is that time will pass more quickly]|
{{Quote|[https://islamqa.info/en/answers/34618/one-of-the-signs-of-the-hour-is-that-time-will-pass-more-quickly islamqa.info: One of the signs of the Hour is that time will pass more quickly]|
The scholars differed concerning the meaning of the phrase taqaarub al-zamaan (time passing more quickly). '''There are many views''', the strongest of which is:   
The scholars differed concerning the meaning of the phrase taqaarub al-zamaan (time passing more quickly). '''There are many views''', the strongest of which is:   
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That the phrase taqaarub al-zamaan (time passing quickly) may be interpreted literally or metaphorically.  
That the phrase taqaarub al-zamaan (time passing quickly) may be interpreted literally or metaphorically.  
}}
}}
Time is running by the speed of 1 hour per hour, 1 day per day, 1 month per month etc. So it's literally not happening.


====A man from Qahtan appears, driving the people with his stick====
====A man from Qahtan appears, driving the people with his stick====
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}}
}}


[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qahtan_(tribe) Qahtan] still exists, so Muslims are still waiting for the guy.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qahtan_(tribe) Qahtan] still exists.


====A man called Jahjah will occupy the throne====
====A man called Jahjah will occupy the throne====
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====Conquest of Constantinopole without fighting and the Hour come together====
====Conquest of Constantinopole without fighting and the Hour come together====
Apologists point to this hadith. It is considered da'eef by Albani (but sahih by Dhahabi):
This hadith is considered da'eef by Albani (but sahih by Dhahabi):
{{Quote|Musnad Ahmad 14:331|
{{Quote|Musnad Ahmad 14:331|
لتفتحن القسطنطينية، فلنعم الأمير أميرها، ولنعم الجيش ذلك الجيش
لتفتحن القسطنطينية، فلنعم الأمير أميرها، ولنعم الجيش ذلك الجيش
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}}
}}


Muslims [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople conquered Constantinople] in 1453. Since Muhammad himself was waging wars, it was expected that Muslims after his death would continue conquering. Muhammad conquered Arabia and Constantinople wasn't that far away. So this wasn't a hard prediction. Also it's not time-specific. So even if it didn't happen, Muslims could still think it would happen in the future.
One should note that if Muhammad did in fact make these predictions, Islam's global imperial aspirations (proven as they were by the end of Muhammad's life) would make the conquest of any number of neighboring or nearby peoples a likelihood.


But the biggest problem is that there are other hadiths which give details that were not fulfilled. The Hour was expected to come with it:
Another hadith adds that the Hour was expected to come with this conquest:
{{Quote|Tirmidhi Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2239|
{{Quote|Tirmidhi Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2239|
Anas bin Malik said:
Anas bin Malik said:
"Constantinople will be conquered with the coming of the Hour."
"Constantinople will be conquered with the coming of the Hour."
}}
}}
And the conquest was predicted to happen without fighting:
Furthermore, this conquest was predicted to happen without fighting:
{{Quote|{{Muslim|41|6979}}|
{{Quote|{{Muslim|41|6979}}|
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Apostle (may peace he upon him) saying:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Apostle (may peace he upon him) saying:
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}}
}}


Either Muhammad meant the whole Roman Empire, in that case prophecy failed, because the Roman Empire no longer exists and it wasn't conquered by Muslims. Or he meant the Syrian territory (although it's not in Arabic version of the hadith) and in that case the prophecy also failed, because the Dajjal didn't appear after it.
The Roman empire seized to exist before it could be altogether conquered, though if one counts here the partial conquest of some of Rome's (Byzantine's) territories, then the question remains as to why the Dajjal failed to appear.


====Conquest of India and the second coming of Jesus come together====
====Conquest of India and the second coming of Jesus come together====
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}}
}}


But the second coming didn't come after the conquests, so scholars say that the prophesized conquest didn't happen yet:
However, the second coming did not follow either these events:
{{Quote|[https://islamqa.info/en/answers/145636/hadith-about-the-conquest-of-india islamqa.info: Hadith about the conquest of India]|
{{Quote|[https://islamqa.info/en/answers/145636/hadith-about-the-conquest-of-india islamqa.info: Hadith about the conquest of India]|
What is mentioned in the hadith of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah have mercy on him), which was narrated by Na‘eem ibn Hammaad, about '''the conquest of India has not happened up till now''', but it will happen when ‘Eesaa ibn Maryam (peace be upon him) descends, if the hadith that says that is saheeh.
What is mentioned in the hadith of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah have mercy on him), which was narrated by Na‘eem ibn Hammaad, about '''the conquest of India has not happened up till now''', but it will happen when ‘Eesaa ibn Maryam (peace be upon him) descends, if the hadith that says that is saheeh.
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====Nations will soon call each other to attack Muslims====
====Nations will soon call each other to attack Muslims====
Muhammad predicted that "soon" (in 7th century) all nations will cooperate militarily against Muslims and Muslims will be weak because they're afraid to die (in battle):
{{Quote|Reference: Sunan Abi Dawud 4297, In-book reference: Book 39, Hadith 7, English translation: Book 38, Hadith 4284|
{{Quote|Reference: Sunan Abi Dawud 4297, In-book reference: Book 39, Hadith 7, English translation: Book 38, Hadith 4284|
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: The people will soon summon one another to attack you as people when eating invite others to share their dish. Someone asked: Will that be because of our small numbers at that time? He replied: No, you will be numerous at that time: but you will be scum and rubbish like that carried down by a torrent, and Allah will take fear of you from the breasts of your enemy and last enervation into your hearts. Someone asked: What is wahn (enervation). Messenger of Allah (ﷺ): He replied: Love of the world and dislike of death.
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: The people will soon summon one another to attack you as people when eating invite others to share their dish. Someone asked: Will that be because of our small numbers at that time? He replied: No, you will be numerous at that time: but you will be scum and rubbish like that carried down by a torrent, and Allah will take fear of you from the breasts of your enemy and last enervation into your hearts. Someone asked: What is wahn (enervation). Messenger of Allah (ﷺ): He replied: Love of the world and dislike of death.
}}
}}


Actually "soon" after this prophecy, Muslims were militarily successful and conquered the middle east and North Africa. Eventually a military weakness came with the fall of the Ottoman empire, but that was more than a thousand years after Muhammad and not "soon".
One might note that soon after this statement is alleged to have been stated by the prophet, the Muslims would conquer vast lands - the Muslim empire would only come to a grinding halt some 1300 years later.
 
And the prediction could be based simply on Muhamamd's declaration of war towards everyone who doesn't believe in his religion. It probably made sense to him that since he challenged all other nations to war, they would cooperate and attack him too.


====Romans would form a majority amongst people====
====Romans would form a majority amongst people====
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}}
}}


The Romans were a powerful pre-Islamic empire, so it was an easy prediction. But the empire ended and majority of people didn't become Romans, so it's also a failed prophecy.
The Roman empire dissolved without the realization of this prophecy.


====Twelve caliphs====
====Twelve caliphs====
{{Quote|{{Muslim|20|4480}}|
Shi'ite Imamology rests heavily upon this hadith, though has been continuously troubled by it, as there appears to be no clear group of "twelve Caliphs" to have appeared in history:{{Quote|{{Muslim|20|4480}}|
It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. Samura who said:
It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. Samura who said:


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}}
}}


Commentaries by Islamic scholars:
Commentaries by (Sunni) Islamic scholars:
{{Quote|Ibn Hajar, Fathul-Bari, vol. 13, p.211|
{{Quote|Ibn Hajar, Fathul-Bari, vol. 13, p.211|
لم ألق أحدا يقطع في هذا الحديث يعني بشيء معين
لم ألق أحدا يقطع في هذا الحديث يعني بشيء معين
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will destroy all dwellings except tents
will destroy all dwellings except tents
}}
}}
So people who dwell in fallout shelters, submarines, cosmic ships.. their dwellings will be demolished by the rain. But tents will be strong enough to handle that rain?
====Not living according to the sharia causes infighting between Muslims====
====Not living according to the sharia causes infighting between Muslims====
{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah, Vol. 5, Book of Tribulations, Hadith 4019|
{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah, Vol. 5, Book of Tribulations, Hadith 4019|
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}}
}}


It's the opposite. Muslim infighting is usually caused by groups who follow their interpretation of the sharia, accuse other Muslims of not living according to the sharia and takfeering them. Maybe Muslims would live in peace if they weren't so obsessed with the sharia and fighting other Muslims who don't live according to it.
In fact, it is rather Muslim's disagreement as to what constitutes the Sharia (as a result of their trying to implement it) that results in inter-Muslim conflict. One can imagine that had Islam separated church and state, many such conflicts would have been avoided.


====12 thousand from Aden Abyan will make Islam victorious====
====12 thousand from Aden Abyan will make Islam victorious====
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}}
}}


Apostasy among Muslims is rising. There might really be time in future where nobody is interested in repeating the word "Allah" and people focus on reality instead.
This one appears to be increasingly likely.


====Islam will be widespread====
====Islam will be widespread====
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}}
}}


Since Muhammad predicted both success and failure for his religion, they are not really prophecies, but stating the obvious. Everyone in the 7th century knew that there are these 2 options.
Muhammad's predictions about the future of the Muslim ummah appear to have ranged non-existence and annihilation to complete domination, perhaps based on his feelings at various times. Given this full spectrum of possibility, however, it is difficult to maintain that there is any substance to these predictions.


====The Quran will disappear overnight====
====The Quran will disappear overnight====
IbnPinker
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