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 You can view the document [https://www.islamic-awareness.org/history/islam/papyri/jerus.html here].
+== The Damascus Psalm Fragment ==
-'''<big>The Damascus Psalm Fragment</big>'''
+This document, dated to the third Islamic century, was discovered in the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus in 1900. It includes a translation of a portion of “The Book of Psalms” of the bible (Psalm 77). This Arabic translation is written with Greek letters. The translation is literal with strict adherence to the syntax and wording of the original language*, which caused parts of it to sound awkward and hard to understand.{{Quote|[https://www.academia.edu/43189829/Al_Jallad_2020_The_Damascus_Psalm_Fragment_Middle_Arabic_and_the_Legacy_of_Old_%E1%B8%A4ig%C4%81z%C4%AB_w_a_contribution_by_R_Vollandt Ahmad Al-Jallad, The Damascus Psalm Fragment, 2020, p.46]|The phonology and morphology of the Psalm Fragment reflect the contemporary vernacular, while its syntax follows the Greek. }}The dialect of the Psalm Fragment has the following features:
-This document, dated to the third Islamic century, was discovered in the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus in 1900. It includes a translation of a portion of “The Book of Psalms” of the bible (Psalm 77). This Arabic translation is written with Greek letters. The translation is literal with strict adherence to the syntax and wording of the original language*, which caused parts of it to sound awkward and hard to understand.{{Quote|[https://www.academia.edu/43189829/Al_Jallad_2020_The_Damascus_Psalm_Fragment_Middle_Arabic_and_the_Legacy_of_Old_%E1%B8%A4ig%C4%81z%C4%AB_w_a_contribution_by_R_Vollandt Ahmad Al-Jallad, The Damascus Psalm Fragment, 2020, p.46]|The phonology and morphology of the Psalm Fragment reflect the contemporary vernacular, while its syntax follows the Greek. }}
+'''1- The loss of final short vowels and nunation'''<ref>Ahmad Al-Jallad, [https://www.academia.edu/43189829/Al_Jallad_2020_The_Damascus_Psalm_Fragment_Middle_Arabic_and_the_Legacy_of_Old_%E1%B8%A4ig%C4%81z%C4%AB_w_a_contribution_by_R_Vollandt The Damascus Psalm Fragment], 2020, p.21</ref>.
+E.g.
+yuheyyī māy(i)deh li-šiʕb-hu(hi)<ref>Ibid, p.79</ref>
+ὑεϳει μάϳδεὑ λιχχειγβὑϳ
+يهيِّي (يهيء) مايدة (مائدة) لشعبه
+Classical Arabic:
+yuhayyiʾu māʾidatan li-šaʕbih
+'''2- In construct, final short vowels are retained in some cases and lost in others'''<ref>Ibid, p.22</ref>'''.'''
+Example for the loss<ref>Ibid, p.84</ref>:
+حول خيامْهُم
+ḥawl ḫiyēm-hum
+χαυλ χηέμὑμ
+Example for retention<ref>Ibid, p.90</ref>:
+بأوثانِهُم
+bi-ʔaṯwāni-hum
+βη αυθάνϳὑμ
+'''3- The Alef maqṣūrah is pronounced as [ā] in backed and labial environments, but as [ē] otherwise'''<ref>Ibid, p.48</ref>'''.'''
+E.g.
+أعطى  aʕṭā
+αγτα
+أتى  atē
+Ατε
+'''4- The “L” of the definite article doesn’t assimilate to the following coronal consonant'''<ref>Ibid, p.49</ref>.
+E.g.<ref>Ibid, p.80</ref>
+οελναρ
+wel-nār
+والنار
+Note: In the Greek transcriptions from the first Islamic century, the L is assimilated:
+Αβδεραμαν
+ʕabdərahṃān
+<nowiki>https://www.academia.edu/24938389/Al_Jallad_2017_The_Arabic_of_the_Islamic_Conquests_Notes_on_Phonology_and_Morphology_based_on_the_Greek_Transcriptions_from_the_First_Islamic_Century</nowiki>
+- The pronominal suffix of the 3<sup>rd</sup> person masculine plural takes only the “hum” form. While classical Arabic has both “hum” and “him”.
+In the following example, the final pronoun should take the “him” form in accordance with classical Arabic rules. The psalm fragment instead uses the “hum” form.
+بأوثانِهُم
+bi-ʔaṯwāni-hum
+βη αυθάνϳὑμ
+P22
+The Feminine Ending is “eh” instead of “ah” which matches modern Levantine Arabic p.51.
+<nowiki>:</nowiki>
+οελευδιεὑ [wel-ʾʔewdiyeh] والأودية p.79
+χαϳμετ σεϳλουμ [ḫaymet seylūm] خيمة سيلوم p.91
+The indefinite accusative is marked with ā instead of classical Arabic “an”. It’s attested twice in the word γεδδα [ǧeddā] which means “very”.
+p.22
+ā is realized as [ē] unless there is an inhibiting factor, that is, an emphatic or a labial.
+p.51
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