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...n|6|161}}, {{Quran|12|38}}, {{Quran|16|123}}, {{Quran|22|78}}</ref> Unlike Islam, neither Judaism nor Christianity teach that Abraham was a prophet. ==Ritual significance in Islam==

|title=Islam and the Judeo-Christian Tradition |keywords=Islam, Judaism, Christianity, Bible, Gospel, Torah, Quran

...cholar, religious leader, author, and [[Arabic]] translator of classical [[Islam and Scripture|Islamic texts]].<ref name="The 500"></ref> ...was schooled in the United Kingdom, and obtained his PhD degree in French literature at Columbia University in New York. He taught at the State University of Ne

...ns about the words and deeds attributed to the prophet are also important. On top of this a very important source is the [[sira]], the writings about the ...spiritual growth. As the direct and literal word of Allah, orthodox Sunni Islam submits that the Qur'an is flawless in every way, from its "clear" Arabic t

|title=WikiIslam - the online resource on Islam |keywords=Islam, Hadith, Skepticism, Allah, Quran

...that the damage to cultural arts and monuments by ISIS is not according to Islam. ...c historians, images of Jesus, Mary, and Abraham inside the Kaba were kept on the orders of the prophet himself.

...Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures|apocryphal]] literature. ...the prophet Muhammad and the in this regard. This is, in effect, an attack on the trinitarian, god-unity conception of him in orthodox Christianity, whi

...UN Committee for Religious Affairs, and is well known for her defense of [[Islam]]. In November of 2009, she unveiled the "Charter for Compassion" in Washin ...ad, Tilman Nagel mentions Armstrong's writings as an example of work based on Islamic hagiography:

...rsity to produce a special 3^rd edition of his most successful [[Literature|book]] "The Developing Human" specifically for use by Muslim students in Is ...Yemeni Muslim Brotherhood political movement and founder of the Commission on Scientific Signs in the Quran and Sunnah (one of the organizations that spe

...ern and Mediterranean societies and is attested to widely in ancient Greek literature, where it was part of the metaphysical world of the ancient Greek paganism. ...s cautious and armed, the arrow will have no effect and may even come back on the one who launched it.}}

...aphic and tendentious writings, Islamic scholars have and continue to rely on some portion of the hadith which they consider to be authentic (sahih) in o ...title=Muhammad ibn Abdullah|summary=}}{{PortalArticle|summary=|description=On many occasions, Muhammad was able to resolve personal dilemmas with the hel

...d is ''taqlid'', which is [[Arabic]] for "imitation". Ijtihad is only used on matters of Islamic law for which no there are no unambiguous texts found in ...<nowiki/>s) were still developing. Consequently, with little no precedence on legal matters, scholars would create this precedence by issuing new rulings

...wer and questions that cast a doubt on the truthfulness or authenticity of Islam. ...said: If we knew fighting, we would certainly have followed you. They were on that day much nearer to unbelief than to belief. They say with their mouths

...heart remaining firm in Faith - but such as open their breast to Unbelief, on them is Wrath from Allah...''" - {{Quran|16|106}}</ref> ...refix=taqiya&jumppage.x=13&jumppage.y=8 "Taqiyah"]. ''Oxford Dictionary of Islam''. John L. Esposito, Ed. Oxford University Press. 2003. Retrieved 25 May 20

...th thee. ‏ And shake towards thee the trunk of the palm-tree, it will drop on thee fresh ripe dates. ‏So eat and drink and cool the eye. Then if thou s ...psudomat.htm The Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew: Chapter 20]|And it came to pass on the third day of their journey, while they were walking, that the blessed M

...ts about the life of Muhammad. The items are listed chronologically based on when they were first created. Other key events from the first two centurie ...4}}|"'''Muhammad''' is not but a messenger. [Other] messengers have passed on before him. ..." }}

...is page contains summaries of articles discussing the relationship between Islam and the People of the Book. ...Qur'an|Al-Fatiha}}The ''Qur'ān'' (القرآن) is the central religious text of Islam. Muslims believe the Qur'an to be the book of divine guidance and direction

...al. (2006) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Aed5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150 The literature of the Sages: Second Part] Netherlands: Royal van Gorcum and Fortress Press

...h, chronicles of kings and heroes, as well as devotional and philosophical literature. ...ature of these references. Muhammad is depicted as a reincarnated demon, [[Islam]] as a demonic religion, and its followers as "the corrupters of religion".

...wledged Allat, Manat, and al-Uzza, the goddesses of the [[Pagan Origins of Islam|Pagan]] Meccans in a [[Qur'an|Qur'anic]] [[revelation]], only to later reca == Theological status in Islam ==

...he Holy Spirit, even though the term was only used in Christian and Jewish literature to refer to god himself. ...ry's) vagina in order to impregnate her with 'Isa (Jesus). It is partially on the basis of this description that Gabriel is identified with the Holy Spir

...ctionary: including the Arabic words and phrases to be met with in Persian literature, 1892, p. 1421|A نکاح nikāḥ (v.n. of نکح), Marrying; matrimony, m ===The New Encyclopedia of Islam===

...sed for the movement to relate modern science with religion, principally [[Islam]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=raKRY3KQspsC&pg=PA456&dq=bucailli ...vidences" that lead many to convert to [[Islam]] "is the large number of [[Islam and Science|scientific facts in the Quran]]."<ref>Zaghloul El-Naggar, an Eg

...law, they are obligated to conduct their own lives in accordance with it, on penalty of torturous punishment in the hereafter, alongside unbelievers. ...oadly speaking, the four schools agree where there is explicit instruction on a legal matter in scripture deemed authentic, and differ where there isn't.

...prophet of [[Islam]]. She is said to have belonged to a [[Pagan Origins of Islam|pagan]] tribe named Banu Fazara at the valley of al-Qurra. The elderly woma ...q]], the first biographer of Muhammad, recounts the incident of the attack on the Banu Fazara as well the incident of her "cruel" execution in his [[Sira

...y and cite historical research, all of which indicates that the Quran drew on the proto-scientific ideas circulating in the world during, and often from {{PortalArticle|image=Quran and Science.png|title=Islam and Science|summary=|description=Among the many and diverse matters discuss

.... The former definition was highly influenced by Christian polemic against Islam, which cast it as a "religion of the sword" against the foible of Christian The two forms of Jihad in Islam are sometimes explained as follows:

Islamic sources are divided on when this chapter was [[Revelation|revealed]] to Muhammad, with Ibn Abbas a ...hout any version of this sura.<ref>Jeffrey, Author, "[http://www.answering-islam.org/Books/Jeffery/fatiha.htm A Variant Text of the Fatiha]"'', The Muslim W

{{Quote|{{Quran|5|32}}|On that account: We ordained for the Children of Israel that if any one slew a Although this verse often cited to the effect that Islam as a religion categorically forbids killing (particularly in the name of th

...aid, "Because You have put me in error, I will surely sit in wait for them on Your straight path. ...come to them from before them and from behind them and on their right and on their left, and You will not find most of them grateful [to You]."

...themselves against Islam - is perhaps not best described as a 'movement in Islam', it shares in common with the former varieties the fact that a particular, ...ears. In this sense, the difference between Salafis and traditionalists in Islam is usefully compared to the difference between Protestants and Catholics/Or

...on with the non-believers (the [[Non-Muslims|Disbelievers]], [[Atheism and Islam|Atheists]]): "to your religion and to me (my) religion." Although often poi ...revealed in Mecca before Prophet [[Muhammad]] became a military leader. [[Islam|Islamic]] historian al-Zuhri writes that during this period “the unbeliev

...ive-oh.html In Islam, Heaven Is Not Exclusive]".</ref> that according to [[Islam]], [[People of the Book|Christians and Jews]] who adhere to their faiths wi This verse is often quoted in an effort to prove Islam is tolerant and inclusive of other faiths, as it seems to suggest that Chri

...rticle analyzes the Islamic belief that [[Muhammad]] was able to perform [[Islam and Miracles|miracles]]. ...iefs, and find reference in the Qur'an and heavy endorsement in the hadith literature. Some of these miracles alleged to occur in Muhammad's life also appear to

...ver, rarely match perfectly. A claim found in the Qur'an and other Islamic literature is that the Jews and Christians deliberately changed their scriptures to ob ...r late appearance and evident evolution during the centuries leading up to Islam make particularly obvious their origin in human creativity and that they do

...re a small group who reject the hadith and sunnah, a critical component of Islam. They are rejected as apostates by mainstream Muslims.</metadesc> ==Qur'an only Islam==

...Pillars of Islam]] are found only in the hadith (the Qur'an, focused more on matters of belief, simply mentions these rituals every once in a while with ...selves employ a seemingly sophisticated method of verification that relied on the plausibility of: the "chains" of transmission (or ''asaneed;'' sing. ''

===Invitations to Islam Prior to Violence=== ...mbrace Islam and you will be safe; ...But if you reject this invitation of Islam, you shall be responsible for misguiding the peasants (i.e. your nation)."

...y that the Prophet was given the strength of thirty (men)." And Sa'id said on the authority of Qatada that Anas had told him about nine wives only (not e ...Asma bint Al-Numan).</ref><ref>Bewley/Saad 8:100-101.</ref><ref> Women in Islam, By Anne Sofie Roald - Page 221 [Quoted: Najla Hamadeh, Page 335-6]</ref> H

{{QualityScore|Lead=3|Structure=4|Content=3|Language=4|References=3}}Islam acknowledges two primary varieties of '''scripture''', the [[Quran]] and th ...ref><ref>Watton, Victor, (1993), ''A student's approach to world religions:Islam'', Hodder & Stoughton, pg 1. ISBN 0-340-58795-4</ref> The text in its origi

...d, such a dichotomy is not found in classical and especially early Islamic literature, and finds no endorsement in Islamic scripture, which refers to Jihad overw ...n the same manner until the jihad becomes Fard Ayn upon the whole Ummah of Islam from the East to the West". And the following have like Fatawa: Al Kassani,

...yer and it is intrinsic to the Hajj pilgrimage, two of the five pillars of Islam. In the Quran and Islamic tradition the Ka'bah is identified with the site ...[[Allah]], the Ka'aba served as a popular [[Pre-Islamic Arabic Religion in Islam|pre-Islamic shrine]], which according to hadith tradition housed 360 idols

...he potential and observed effects the [[Hijab]] has on the [[health]] of [[Islam and Women|women]] who choose, are pressured, or are forced to wear it. The majority of female Muslims worldwide, observe the [[Islam|Islamic]] requirement of observing Hijab (a form of Islamic dress). This ra

...'at continue to be a topic of research and academic discussions in Islamic literature and Qur'anic studies. ...the Qur'ān]. Der Islam. Berlin: De Gruyter. 87 (1–2): 1–129. doi: 10.1515/islam-2011-0025</ref> Hence, the letters date back at least to the common ancesto

...slamic scripture, such misrepresentation also occur among those advocating Islam, whether in order to appeal to modern sensibilities or to push certain clas {{Quote|{{Quran|5|32}}|From time that, '''We ordained on (the) Children (of) Israel''' that he who kills a soul other than (for) a s

...tions passed to Muhammad in the form of the Quran, according to the hadith literature, Muhammad would sometimes assert he had received a message from [[Allah (Go ===Exemption from limit on wives===

...e before commencing hostilities against an infidel enemy: 1. Conversion to Islam. 2. Payment of the [[jizyah]] and subjection to Islamic political dominion ...book|last1=Yeʼor|first1=B|title=The decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam|date=2011|publisher=Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press|page=

{{Main|Parallels Between the Qur'an and Late Antique Judeo-Christian Literature}} ...r things the Bible, apocryphal texts, exegetical commentaries, and ascetic literature. These types of texts were not ''occasionally'' read. The sources attest th

...has made them (the stars) missiles against devils who attempt to eavesdrop on heavenly meetings. The devils are pelted from every side, pursued by a brig ==Ancient beliefs around stars and meteors pre-Islam==

...f ordering the murder of such poets. As with the rest of the sira maghaazi literature many questions remain about the reliability of these accounts from the pers ...traditionally formed the most authoritative biographical source available on the life of the prophet.