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...ar-universal assent in the Muslim world and comprise a fundamental part of the Islamic self-identity. ==Personal life==

...Pegasus, believed to be a creature from the [[heaven]]s which transported the various [[Islam|Islamic]] prophets. ...0Ishaq%20-%20Sirat%20Rasul%20Allah.pdf The Life of Muhammad. A translation of Ishaq's "Sirat Rasul Allah"].'' Translated by Alfred Guillaume. Oxford Univ

...y with the English philosopher John Locke's ideas of ''natural rights'' in the 17th century. ...tive taken by Islamic scriptures on women is of special interest in recent times due to frequent collision with modern values.

...se without physical harm, which according to some jurists sometimes may be the case while she was still a minor. ...etheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).

...he latter part of his life: at most he knew the prophet for 4 years before the latter's death. ...quently abandoned the post then became emir of Madinah under the caliphate of Mu’âwiya.

...niversity of California, 2020, pp. 194-6</ref> Manuscripts purported to be the original letters sent by Muhammad are known to be forgeries.<ref>See this [ ...Heraclius, emperor of Byzantium.<ref>Khan, Dr. Majid Ali (1998). Muhammad The Final Messenger. Islamic Book Service, New Delhi, 110002 (India). ISBN 81-8

...ent that "jihad fi sabil allah" "Jihad-warfare on the path of god" against the unbelievers is a duty incumbent upon all able-bodied Muslim men. ==Jihad in the Qur'an and Sunnah==

...fr]] or unbelief. {{Quran|9|60}} gives the definitive set of beneficiaries of zakat. ...n debts and in the way of Allah and the wayfarer; an ordinance from Allah; and Allah is knowing, Wise.}}

...the believer, and denying the necessity of its payment constitutes an act of [[kufr]] or unbelief. {{Quote|{{Quran|2|43}}|Establish worship, pay the poor-due, and bow your heads with those who bow (in worship).}}

...AAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref> ...AAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref>

...ute the Dar al-Islam as opposed to a single unified state has complexified the debate. ...ese perspectives have fallen out of favor in recent times, particularly in the West among diasporic Muslim communities.

...AAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref> ...AAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref>

...ute the Dar al-Islam as opposed to a single unified state has complexified the debate. ...ese perspectives have fallen out of favor in recent times, particularly in the West among diasporic Muslim communities.

...irah genre to lack any sound methodology for authenticating isnads (chains of narration; indeed, in some cases no isnad is given at all). ...formed the most authoritative biographical source available on the life of the prophet.

...AAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref> ...AAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref>

...r at least a lack of protest). Reports of Muhammad's marriage to Aisha and of his companions marrying off their minor daughters played a role in some jur ...tunity to explain the situation privately to the security team. Contacting the relevant national embassy is usually advised if already abroad.

| other_names = Rasul Allah (Messenger of God) | notable_works = Constitution of Medina

...ion to Islam of the dhimmi in question <ref> Yeʼor., B., 2011. The decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson Universi Jews and Christians were required to pay the ''jizyah'' while pagans were required to either accept Islam or die.<ref>{{

...or re-instatement of the dhimma upon non-Muslims as part of a continuation of Jihad. ===Curse the Kafir===

...or re-instatement of the dhimma upon non-Muslims as part of a continuation of Jihad. ===Curse the Kafir===

...ng that Muhammad himself never struck a woman and narrations claiming that the instruction in his farewell sermon referred to taping with a siwak (toothbr {{Main|Wife Beating in Islamic Law|Wife Beating in the Qur'an}}

...nd later), often for various personal gains by the girls' guardian or with the intention to preserve family [[Honor violence|honor]] by helping her avoid ...ww.mwnuk.co.uk/Forced_Marriage_7_factsheets.php Muslim Women's Network UK] and [https://preventforcedmarriage.org/forced-marriage-overseas-pakistan/ Tahir

...ent that "jihad fi sabil allah" "Jihad-warfare on the path of god" against the unbelievers [[Jihad_as_Obligation_(Fard)|is a duty]] incumbent upon all abl ==Jihad in the Qur'an and Sunnah==

...form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually includes clitoridectomy. ...s associated with the transportation of slaves), and the nature and degree of historical Christian influence (which tends to eliminate FGM).

...ب‎‎). Father of Islam's prophet, Muhammad. The name literally means "Slave of Allah". ...o was also the father Muhammad’s wife Aisha. Abu Bakr was the first Caliph of Islam after Muhammad’s death.

...izyah]] and subjection to Islamic political dominion and the strictures of the [[dhimma]]. 3. Fighting until death. ...himmi'' in question<ref>{{cite book|last1=Yeʼor|first1=B|title=The decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam|date=2011|publisher=Madison, NJ: Fairleigh

...Allah and Muhammad. Lying is generally also considered a sin for believers and truthfulness a virtue by Islamic jurists, though certain exceptions are per ...ed as truthful, and lie is obscenity and obscenity leads to Hell-Fire, and the servant who endeavours to tell a lie is recorded as a liar.".

...Allah and Muhammad. Lying is generally also considered a sin for believers and truthfulness a virtue by Islamic jurists, though certain exceptions are per ...ed as truthful, and lie is obscenity and obscenity leads to Hell-Fire, and the servant who endeavours to tell a lie is recorded as a liar.".

...omen because they were widows, elderly, or otherwise destitute and in need of his aide. ...to those brides between 28 and 40 while the “middle-aged” group would mean the teenagers.

...m world in the 19th and 20th centuries, and is now considered forbidden in the modern context by most scholars, though a minority, such as Saudi Sheikh Sa ...that they may be equal with them in respect thereof. Is it then the grace of Allah that they deny?}}

...ial cornerstones of Capitalism. The right to speak and what are the limits of speech are therefore all defined by human beings. ...the right of speech to people and defined the limits on what is acceptable and unacceptable speech.

...gs of the Arab-Israeli conflict, while others trace it to the 19th century and possible influence from Arab Christians. ...the hand of [[Muhammad]] (being executed, expelled, [[Slavery|enslaved]], and extorted by [[Sahabah|Muhammad's companions]] in [[Medina]]).

...form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually also includes clitoridectomy. ...e (see [[Female Genital Mutilation in Islamic Law#FGM in the Hadith|FGM in the Hadith]]).

...gage in [[ghusl|ritual cleansing]] before they are allowed to pray or read the Qur'an. The following narration does not exist in the English translations of Sahih Muslim, but a similar (but sanitized version) appears in: {{muslim|3|

...pg|210px|right|thumb|''Mein Kampf'' is a best-seller in the Islamic World, and is often sold along-side religious literature.<ref name="Alastair Lawson">A ...en feature in Arab book-fairs and bookstores alongside Arabic translations of Hitlers ''Mein Kumpf'' (sometimes translated in Arabic as "My Jihad").

...form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually includes clitoridectomy. ...lation/Cutting: a Global Concern (2016)]</ref> Assuming a world population of 7.9 billion, this means that about one in twenty girls or women world-wide

{{Incompletetranslations|Aishas Age of Consummation|Indonesian}} ...diterbitkan oleh Al-Rahman Publishing Trust dengan judul, "''Age of Aisha (The Truthful Women, May Allah Send His Blessings)''"</ref> Pada bulan November

[[File:OttomanEunuchsConcubines.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Concubines and eunuchs of Ottoman Harem in 1909]] ...slaveholding based in religious principles."<BR />Kecia Ali, Sexual Ethics and Islam, London: Oneworld Publications, 2006, pp. 42 ff.</ref>

...should be), could not easily be reconciled with what they held to be basic and incontrovertible facts about history. ===Mary as part of the Trinity===

...x|Mohammed and his wife Aisha freeing the daughter of a tribal chief. From the Siyer-i Nebi]] ...'', or '''Aishah''') was married to [[Muhammad]] at the age of 6 or 7, and the marriage was consummated by Muhammad, then 53, when Aisha was aged 9 or 10

...ethnicity, and what may be called "race-relations" is a complicated one in the Islamic tradition. ...e of the verses and hadiths that discourage racism (though as mentioned in the introduction, Islamic anti-Semitism is covered in a separate article).

...sitive to criticism, particularly from poets, and he ordered that a number of poets who had made verses inveighing against him or mocking him should be e ...ah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=501}}|The Affair of Ka'b B. Zuhayr After the Departure from al-Ta'if:<br>

...olars have spent a great deal of time writing about how, when, where, why, and in what fashion Jihad may be undertaken. ...ence of the Hanafi school. He was appointed Qadi (judge) in Baghdad, Iraq, and later chief justice (qadi al-qudat) under Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid.

...olars have spent a great deal of time writing about how, when, where, why, and in what fashion Jihad may be undertaken. ...ence of the Hanafi school. He was appointed Qadi (judge) in Baghdad, Iraq, and later chief justice (qadi al-qudat) under Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid.

...res, speaking different languages and holding radically different beliefs, the claim itself is generally not taken seriously by modern scholars. ...s of the same story as well as mistakes in transmission from one medium to the other are also to be expected.

...res, speaking different languages and holding radically different beliefs, the claim itself is generally not taken seriously by modern scholars. ...s of the same story as well as mistakes in transmission from one medium to the other are also to be expected.

..._prophet_Muhammad_mentioned_in_Quran|2=2011-10-24}} How many times name of the holy prophet Muhammad mentioned in Quran?] - Answers.com, accessed October ...d Daughter If I So Wished, Senator Ahmed Yerima Replies Critics|publisher= The Nigeria Today|author= |date= July 21, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitati