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[[Category:Criticism of Islam]]

...e second most wide-spread religion after Christianity. The holiest text in Islam is the [[Quran|Qur'an]], which contains what Muhammad claims to be revelati ...are called ''Mushrik مشرك'' and polytheism is called ''[[shirk]]'' شرك and Islam even accuses other monotheistic religions, like Christianity of committing

...the Ark of the Covenant, to offer YHVH the sacrifice. [[Islam|Islamic]] [[Islam and Scripture|scriptures]] (the [[Qur'an]] and [[Hadith]]) recount at least ...Ibrahim is commonly termed Khalil Allah, or "Friend of God" or "Braheem". Islam regards many of the biblical patriarchs as prophets of Allah, and hence as

|title=Origins of Islam |keywords=Islam, Muhammad, Quran, Hadith, Sunnah, Origins, Early Islam

==In Islam== ==Seven days week in Islam==

Discussions on the religion of Islam and science usually revolve around pieces of Islamic scripture which appear {{PortalArticle|image=Quran and Science.png|title=Islam and Science|summary=|description=Among the many and diverse matters discuss

[[Islam|Islamic]] jurisprudence, or '''Fiqh''' (فقه‎), is the activity [[Madh' ...- novel jurisprudential enterprise the consists of creating new rulings in Islam law or altering the methodology through which those rulings are arrived at.

|title=WikiIslam - the online resource on Islam |keywords=Islam, Hadith, Skepticism, Allah, Quran

...tp://www.themodernreligion.com/convert/islam_conversion_main.htm Embracing Islam] - The Modern Religion</ref> ...ory of the language, scripts and beliefs of Arabia in the centuries before Islam.

[[Category:Islam and Science]]

...ther things. While modernist Islamic movements have attempted to reconcile Islam with feminism, mainstream orthodox thought remains strictly antithetical. W ...the Quran, whereby non-Muslims are financially incentivized to convert to Islam. Conquered non-Muslim peoples are given the choice between conversion, mass

...Romans Will Win!' Q 30:2‒7 in Light of 7th c. Political Eschatology.], Der Islam 2018; 95 (1): 1–29</ref> These are framed in an escatological context, wi ...[https://www.academia.edu/42956572 Q 30: 2-5 in Near Eastern Context], Der Islam 97</ref>

...pread across the world and which seek, more than anything else, to restore Islam to the version of it that was practiced by Muhammad's companions and immedi ...nd see their reign and religious ordinances as a basis for the practice of Islam. Shi'ites, however, consider the first three to be usurpers, with only Ali

...ountries where the day or night is continuous] ''- Fatwa response from the Islam Q&A team'' [[Category:Islam and Science]]

...wer and questions that cast a doubt on the truthfulness or authenticity of Islam. ...'an gives a command for Muslims to use the phrase to respond to critics of Islam:

...in an attempt to prove [[embryology]] as described in the [[Qur'an]] is [[Islam and Science|scientifically]] correct. In the 1980s he accepted an invitatio Zindani served as a contact for Ansar al-Islam (Al), a Kurdish-based terrorist organization linked to al-Qaeda, has links

...t half of what one's son would inherit. Thus, while the reforms brought by Islam were progressive by the standards of 7th century Arabia, they stifle the ad [[Category:Criticism of Islam]]

...lish), Der Islam, vol. 100, no. 1, 2023, pp. 7-39. https://doi.org/10.1515/islam-2023-0003</ref> ...ffaar, and to which category do the Jews and Christians belong?|publisher= Islam Q&A|author= |series=Fatwa No. 67626|date= |archiveurl= http://www.webcitati

|2x||حَيَّ عَلَىٰ ٱلْفَلاَح||Hayya 'ala falah||Hasten to victory||Practicing Islam gives you victory in this world (over the disbelievers) and in the next lif

...sed for the movement to relate modern science with religion, principally [[Islam]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=raKRY3KQspsC&pg=PA456&dq=bucailli ...vidences" that lead many to convert to [[Islam]] "is the large number of [[Islam and Science|scientific facts in the Quran]]."<ref>Zaghloul El-Naggar, an Eg

...position, according to Ibn Ishaq, they discussed three options: accepting Islam, killing their wives and children and engaging in a banzai-style attack aga ...of them came to the Prophet and he granted them safety, and they embraced Islam. He exiled all the Jews from Medina. They were the Jews of Banu Qaynuqa, th

[[Category:Islam and Science]] ...es=3}}Among the many and diverse matters discussed in or touched upon by [[Islam and Scripture|Islamic scriptures]] are topics of direct or indirect scienti

...Muslim believers) who serves as the successor to Muhammad, the founder of Islam, in all matters of political and religious decision making. The word of the ...scholars and activists often posit that free-mixing is actually allowed in Islam, however their assertions on the matter usually lack the well-attested scri

Muhammad, the founder of Islam, is one of the most vigorously revered men to have ever lived. His legacy h ...eligions. He is viewed as the final prophet of God in the main branches of Islam.|title=Muhammad ibn Abdullah|summary=}}{{PortalArticle|summary=|description

...l existence' had to be quelled through inquisition in the early history of Islam. Orthodox Islamic theologians hold God to be omnipotent and omniscient abov ...oes not mean 'God' but rather 'the God' and is thus one of the remnants of Islam's pagan origins. In the pre-Islamic era, Allah was the supreme creator god

...y, and the Foundation of a New Community] (Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 43, 2016, pp. 1-60)</ref> ...'wa-al-ummeena''), "Have you submitted yourselves?" And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided; but if they turn away - then upon you is only th

...direction of prayer) five times a day (another one of the Five Pillars of Islam). ..., the holiest city in Islam, as well as Medina, the second holiest city in Islam, has been a significant basis for political claims of authority.

...96px]]This article discusses the [[monotheism|monotheistic]] religion of [[Islam]] and its pre-Islamic Arab heritage. While the Quran was composed in extens ...g to bring the immediately pre-Islamic period into a sharper contrast with Islam.<ref>See the introduction of the open access chapter: Ahmad Al-Jallad (2022

...irtidād and ردة ridda), or leaving the religion, is a serious offense in [[Islam]]. Rejecting any part of Islamic doctrine, whether derived from the [[Quran ...Harb and Dar al-Islam (the Abodes of War and Peace)|Dar al-Harb and Dar al-Islam (the Abode of War and the Abode of Peace)]] dichotomy, perpetuating the jus

...time and the founding of Islam in the deeply patriarchal culture of tribal 7th-century Arabia, where and when these ideas found ample precedent. ...l-Aziz Al-Fawzan, a response is made to the criticism made by 'enemies' of Islam against Muhammad's "women are deficient" statement by confirming the accoun

...the Qur'ān]. Der Islam. Berlin: De Gruyter. 87 (1–2): 1–129. doi: 10.1515/islam-2011-0025</ref> Hence, the letters date back at least to the common ancesto ...known to the Arabs of the time and were in vogue long before the advent of Islam.

...irtidād and ردة ridda), or leaving the religion, is a serious offense in [[Islam]]. Rejecting any part of Islamic doctrine, whether derived from the [[Quran ...Harb and Dar al-Islam (the Abodes of War and Peace)|Dar al-Harb and Dar al-Islam (the Abode of War and the Abode of Peace)]] dichotomy, perpetuating the jus

...le-and-its-origins-in-early-islam/ The Nun whale and it’s origins in early Islam]</ref> Most respected scholars of Islam (Ibn Kathir, At-Tabari, Al-Qurtubi and others including Al-Jalalayn) report

...l timekeeping purposes such as for determining prayer and fasting times in Islam (see next section). ...d by most of his contemporaries anyways, and that widespread conversion to Islam was more a consequence of Muhammad's later military success than his preach

|Full name: Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib (عبدالله بن عبد المطلب‎‎). Father of Islam's prophet, Muhammad. The name literally means "Slave of Allah". ...as also the father Muhammad’s wife Aisha. Abu Bakr was the first Caliph of Islam after Muhammad’s death.

==Ancient beliefs around stars and meteors pre-Islam== ...mpire both before and during the time of the prophet Muhammad/beginning of Islam), where we see the link between stars and meteors as weapons:

...identity. And [http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fanswering-islam.org%2FAuthors%2FNewton%2Falex.r.html&date=2013-11-25 Khalid Jan] gives back ...ory are found in three sources preceding or contemporaneous to the rise of Islam: the Rec. β of the Alexander Romance (fourth/fifth century), the Babylonia

...the Qur'ān]. Der Islam. Berlin: De Gruyter. 87 (1–2): 1–129. doi: 10.1515/islam-2011-0025</ref> Moreover, Dr Marijn van Putten has noted that in this much

[[Category:Islam and Science]] ...ve formulated" their arguments, noting that "many Muslims who converted to Islam due to the scientific miracles narrative, have left the religion".<ref>{{Ci

[[Category:Islam and Science]] ...com/2001/10/30/science/how-islam-won-and-lost-the-lead-in-science.html How Islam Won, and Lost, the Lead in Science.]'' Dennis Overbye. 2001. New York Times

...nd Islam'' is particularly wide-ranging.<ref>Kecia Ali,''Sexual Ethics and Islam'', England: Oneworld Publications, 2006</ref> She argues that the Quran is ...e in my issue. Truly have I turned to Thee and truly do I bow (to Thee) in Islam."}}

...eholding based in religious principles."<BR />Kecia Ali, Sexual Ethics and Islam, London: Oneworld Publications, 2006, pp. 42 ff.</ref> ...n Anthony, Muhammad and the Empires of Faith: The making of the Prophet of Islam, Oakland CA: University of California, 2020</ref>

...e before commencing hostilities against an infidel enemy: 1. Conversion to Islam. 2. Payment of the [[jizyah]] and subjection to Islamic political dominion ...book|last1=Yeʼor|first1=B|title=The decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam|date=2011|publisher=Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press|page=

...Some prophecies are general statements that may apply to times even before Islam, other prophecies predict early Islamic history (which happened before the ...act." This category also includes things that always happened, even before Islam (earthquakes, wars, people being dishonest...) and prophecies copied from t

=Female Genital Mutilation in Islam= ...le=Female_Genital_Mutilation_in_Islam&stable=0#FGM_before_Islam FGM before Islam]). Muhammad maintained the practice after migrating to Medina and is record

...and unreliable, or it is ambiguous".<ref>Jonathan A. C. Brown, ''Slavery & Islam'', Chapter 7: Concubines and consent, London: Oneworld Publications, 2019.< ...everal Qur'an verses according to the tradition. Although she converted to Islam and bore the prophet a son who later died, as an ''umm-walad'' she remained

...[http://www.ekabakti.com ekabakti.com] and [http://hadith.al-islam.com al-Islam] and [http://www.sunnah.com sunnah.com]</ref> ...Sun: Examining the traditional Muslim View of the Sun’s Orbit] - Answering Islam</ref> when we look at their reasoning, it is based not on narrated traditio

...ristopher| ISBN=978-0714127330}}|The Arabs of the Arabian peninsula before Islam possessed a simple yet developed astronomical folklore of a practical natur ...rmits the setting and rising places of the sun to be visited. Contemporary 7th-century Arabic and Syriac poems telling the same legend suggest that early Muslims

...o their elders in that era.<ref>Ahmed, Leila (1992). ''Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate''. Yale University Press. p. 51-54. <n ...am'' by Professor Kecia Ali,<ref>Kecia Ali, "Marriage and Slavery in Early Islam", Massachussets: Harvard University Press, 2010</ref> and ''Minor Marriage

Despite adopted sons not being treated as real sons in Islam, another legal fiction was at one time endorsed according to hadiths. [[Adu ...ter Eric - [http://answering-islam.org/Nehls/tt1/tt2.html The Challenge of Islam/ Chapter II] - English Press Limited Nairobi, New Revised Edition 1996, ISB

...o their elders in that era.<ref>Ahmed, Leila (1992). ''Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate''. Yale University Press. p. 51-54. <n ...d was Khunays b. Ḥudhāfah al-Sahmī, one of the earliest Meccan converts to Islam. Fleeing persecution in Mecca, Ḥafṣah emigrated to Abyssinia with Khuna

...ristopher| ISBN=978-0714127330}}|The Arabs of the Arabian peninsula before Islam possessed a simple yet developed astronomical folklore of a practical natur ...books.co.uk/book/9780300177718/islam-science-and-the-challenge-of-history/ Islam, Science, and the Challenge of History (The Terry Lectures Series)]'' . Yal

...een the Qur'an and previous scriptures have been noted since the advent of Islam. The Judeo-Christian tales and their Qur'anic retellings, however, rarely m ...r late appearance and evident evolution during the centuries leading up to Islam make particularly obvious their origin in human creativity and that they do

...ld which relentlessly evaluates and criticizes its claim, criticisms which Islam was traditionally shielded from in its own lands, but which are increasingl In an attempt to prove the divine origins of [[Islam]], there are many Islamic websites promoting "word count miracles" in the Q

...een the Qur'an and previous scriptures have been noted since the advent of Islam. The Judeo-Christian tales and their Qur'anic retellings, however, rarely m ...r late appearance and evident evolution during the centuries leading up to Islam make particularly obvious their origin in human creativity and that they do

...sted cities and tribes destroyed by Allah for rejecting his messengers and Islam. In each specific example presented in the Qur'an (the people of ''A'ad'', The Quran places a man called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haman_(Islam) Haman] as an enemy of the jews being a court official, military commander,

...instructed by the Qur'an and the Hadiths, and has been an accepted part of Islam law since its inception. {{Quran|4|34}} states that men are maintainers of ...Muslim and Sunan al-Nasa'i collections, presumably to present Muhammad and Islam in a more positive light, changing it in both cases to "He gave me a nudge

...Errors in the Hadith|as with the Hadith]], is that it contains numerous [[Islam and Science|scientific]] and [[Historical Errors in the Qur'an|historical e ...ationist world view. Opinion polls show that the majority of Muslims agree Islam and evolution are not compatible.

...ervation of the Quran is an article of faith for most schools and sects of Islam and figures highly in the beliefs of Muslims around the divine nature of th ...old Codices], Leiden, Brill, 1937<BR>Also available [https://www.answering-islam.org/Books/Jeffery/Materials_pd/index.htm here]</ref>

...ervation of the Quran is an article of faith for most schools and sects of Islam and figures highly in the beliefs of Muslims around the divine nature of th ...old Codices], Leiden, Brill, 1937<BR>Also available [https://www.answering-islam.org/Books/Jeffery/Materials_pd/index.htm here]</ref>

...nd Islam'' is particularly wide-ranging.<ref>Kecia Ali,''Sexual Ethics and Islam'', England: Oneworld Publications, 2006</ref> She argues that the Quran is ...ation (FGM) is obligatory in the Shafi'i madhab<ref>[https://www.answering-islam.org/Sharia/fem_circumcision.html Section on FGM in the standard manual of S

...hate.eu/2009/04/islams-view-towards-freedom-of-speech.html|2=2013-06-21}} Islam's view towards Freedom of Speech]<BR>Caliphate Online|2=The concept of ‘f This view completely contradicts Islam. In Islam it is the Creator of human beings Allah سبحانه وتعالى who gave

[[Category:Islam and Science]]

...[[Uswa Hasana|uswa hasana]] (perfect example). Since both the practice of Islam and its laws are based on the same source, they are inseparable from one an ...that Shari'ah is incompatible with accepted modern standards of [[Portal: Islam and Human Rights|human rights]].

...ief Illustrated Guide to Understanding Islam/ B) The Quran on Mountains] - Islam-Guide.com, accessed October 1, 2011</ref> The basic underground protrusion ...way resembling pegs.<ref name="A Brief Illustrated Guide to Understanding Islam" />

...ief Illustrated Guide to Understanding Islam/ B) The Quran on Mountains] - Islam-Guide.com, accessed October 1, 2011</ref> The basic underground protrusion ...way resembling pegs.<ref name="A Brief Illustrated Guide to Understanding Islam" />

...ances des personnes vivant au 7ème siècle en Arabie . Les apologistes de l'islam font généralement appel à la métaphore, aux interprétation alternative Qu'est ce que le "couchant" et le "levant" ? Durant les premiers siècles de l'islam l'interprétation unique était que ce sont les endroits ou se couchent li

...opting for the most advantageous choice for the Muslims and the wisest for Islam. The ransom imposed upon them is not to consist either of gold, silver, or ...imam: in accordance with whatever he feels to be more to the advantage of Islam and the Muslims, he can have them executed or he can exchange them for Musl

...opting for the most advantageous choice for the Muslims and the wisest for Islam. The ransom imposed upon them is not to consist either of gold, silver, or ...imam: in accordance with whatever he feels to be more to the advantage of Islam and the Muslims, he can have them executed or he can exchange them for Musl

...i.e. mind) And the 'Arabs (other than Quraish) delayed their conversion to Islam till the Conquest (of Mecca). ...then every tribe rushed to embrace Islam, and my father hurried to embrace Islam before (the other members of) my tribe. When my father returned (from the P

...i.e. mind) And the 'Arabs (other than Quraish) delayed their conversion to Islam till the Conquest (of Mecca). ...then every tribe rushed to embrace Islam, and my father hurried to embrace Islam before (the other members of) my tribe. When my father returned (from the P