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Zunar (Islamic Yellow-Badge Practices): Difference between revisions
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In the early Islamic period, non-Muslims were required to wear distinctive marks in public, such as metal seals fixed around their necks. Likewise, they were not allowed to wear colors associated with Islam, particularly green.<ref>Hourani, Albert, A History of the Arab Peoples, London: Faber and Faber, 1991, ISBN 0571166636, p.117</ref> The practice of physically branding Jews and Christians appears to have been begun in early medieval Baghdad and was considered highly degrading.<ref>Bernard Lewis, Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry Into Conflict and Prejudice, 1999, W. W. Norton & Company press, ISBN 0393318397, p.131</ref> | In the early Islamic period, non-Muslims were required to wear distinctive marks in public, such as metal seals fixed around their necks. Likewise, they were not allowed to wear colors associated with Islam, particularly green.<ref>Hourani, Albert, A History of the Arab Peoples, London: Faber and Faber, 1991, ISBN 0571166636, p.117</ref> The practice of physically branding Jews and Christians appears to have been begun in early medieval Baghdad and was considered highly degrading.<ref>Bernard Lewis, Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry Into Conflict and Prejudice, 1999, W. W. Norton & Company press, ISBN 0393318397, p.131</ref> | ||
Christians and Jews were forced to wear special emblems on their clothes. The yellow badge was first introduced by a caliph in Baghdad in the 9<sup>th</sup> century<ref name="Bernard Lewis"></ref> as a variant of the zunnār belt and spread to the western world in medieval times. Even in public baths, non-Muslims wore medallions suspended from cords around their necks so no one would mistake them for Muslims. Belts, headgear, shoes, armbands and/or cloth patches were also used. Under [[Shi'ite]] rules, they were not even allowed to use the same baths.<ref name="Bernard Lewis"></ref> In 1005 the Jews of [[Egypt]] were ordered to wear bells on their garments.<ref name="Ulysse Robert">[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2317-badge|2=2012-05-15}} Yellow badge] - Jewish Encyclopedia, accessed May 15, 2012</ref> | Christians and Jews were forced to wear special emblems on their clothes. The yellow badge was first introduced by a caliph in Baghdad in the 9<sup>th</sup> century<ref name="Bernard Lewis"></ref> as a variant of the zunnār belt and spread to the western world in medieval times. Even in public baths, non-Muslims wore medallions suspended from cords around their necks so no one would mistake them for Muslims. Belts, headgear, shoes, armbands and/or cloth patches were also used. Under [[Shiite|Shi'ite]] rules, they were not even allowed to use the same baths.<ref name="Bernard Lewis"></ref> In 1005 the Jews of [[Egypt]] were ordered to wear bells on their garments.<ref name="Ulysse Robert">[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2317-badge|2=2012-05-15}} Yellow badge] - Jewish Encyclopedia, accessed May 15, 2012</ref> | ||
Apart from Jews, Hindus living under Islamic rule in [[India]] were often forced to wear yellow badges as well. During the reign of Akbar the Great, his general Husain Khan 'Tukriya' forcibly made Hindus wear discriminatory yellow badges<ref>Harbans, Mukhia (2004). The Mughals of India. Blackwell Publishing. p. 153. ISBN 9780631185550.</ref> on their shoulders or sleeves.<ref>Nijjar, Bakhshish Singh (1968). Panjāb Under the Great Mughals, 1526-1707. Thacker. p. 128.</ref> | Apart from Jews, Hindus living under Islamic rule in [[India]] were often forced to wear yellow badges as well. During the reign of Akbar the Great, his general Husain Khan 'Tukriya' forcibly made Hindus wear discriminatory yellow badges<ref>Harbans, Mukhia (2004). The Mughals of India. Blackwell Publishing. p. 153. ISBN 9780631185550.</ref> on their shoulders or sleeves.<ref>Nijjar, Bakhshish Singh (1968). Panjāb Under the Great Mughals, 1526-1707. Thacker. p. 128.</ref> | ||