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Islam Q&A déclare que les mots "comploter/tromper peuvent être présentes pour décrire Allah mais seulement dans un contexte positif: | Islam Q&A déclare que les mots "comploter/tromper peuvent être présentes pour décrire Allah mais seulement dans un contexte positif: | ||
{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islamqa.com/en/ref/39803/|2=2011-04-10}} | {{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islamqa.com/en/ref/39803/|2=2011-04-10}} Est-ce qu'Allah peut être décrit comme un comploteur etc?]<BR>Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 39803|2='''Question:''' Est-ce qu'Allah peut être décrit comme un comploteur, un trompeur, un traître comme dans ses versets (traduction rapprochée): | ||
“Ils ont comploté et Allah a comploté aussi” | |||
[al-Anfaal 8:30] | |||
“En vérité, les hypocrites ont cherché à tromper Allah, mais Il est Celui qui les trompe” | |||
[al-Nisa’ 4:142]?. <BR> | |||
'''Réponse:''' | '''Réponse:''' Que la louange soit à Allah. | ||
Les attributs d'Allah sont tous des attributs de perfection, le décrivant de la meilleure manière qu'il soit et avec une signification parfaite. Allah dit (traduction rapprochée): | |||
“Et pour Allah est la meilleur description. et Il est le Tout-Puissant, le Très-Juste” | |||
[al-Nahl 16:60] | |||
“A Lui appartient la meilleur description (c'est à dire que personne n'a le droit d'être adoré excepté Lui, et il n'y a rien qui lui ressemble) dans les cieux et la terre. Et Il est le Tout-Puissant, le Très-Juste” | |||
[al-Room 30:27] | |||
Al-Sa'di a dit dans son Tafsir (en commentaire) - p. 718, 1065: | |||
La meilleur description signifie les plus parfaits attributs. | |||
Les attributs sont de trois types: | |||
1 - '''Les attributs de perfection - dans lesquels il n'y a pas la moindre imperfection. Ces attributs s'appliquent à Allah dans le sens absolu et ne sont pas limités ou restreints d'aucune manière que ce soit.''' Par exemple, celles-ci peuvent contenir Sa connaissance, Son pouvoir, Son attention, Sa clairvoyance, Sa miséricorde, etc... | |||
2 - '''Les attributs qui impliquent de l'imperfection ou des lacunes. Ceux-ci ne peuvent jamais s'attribuer à Allah, comme''' dormir, être incapable, '''commettre le mal ou oppresser, trahir''', etc. | |||
3 - Les attributs qui peuvent être parfaits ou imparfaits, dépendamment du contexte. Ils ne peuvent pas être attribuer à Allah dans un sens absolu, et ils ne peuvent pas être rejeté dans la description d'Allah dans un sens absolu. '''Si le contexte fait ressortir de la perfection, cela est approprié pour Allah, dans le cas contraire, cela est inapproprié. Les exemples qui incluent : complotage, tromperie et moquerie.''' | |||
'''Plotting against, betraying and mocking the enemy are attributes of perfection, because that is indicative of complete knowledge, power and might, and so on.''' | |||
'''But plotting against the sincere believers is an attribute of imperfection.''' | |||
Hence these characteristics are not ascribed to Allaah in absolute terms, rather they are mentioned in such a context as to indicate that these are attributes of perfection. | |||
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): | |||
'''“Verily, the hypocrites seek to deceive Allaah, but it is He Who deceives them” | |||
[al-Nisa’ 4:142]''' | |||
This is deceiving the hypocrites. | |||
And He says (interpretation of the meaning): | |||
“And (remember) when the disbelievers plotted against you (O Muhammad) to imprison you, or to kill you, or to get you out (from your home, i.e. Makkah); they were plotting and Allaah too was plotting; and Allaah is the Best of those who plot” | |||
[al-Anfaal 8:30] | |||
This is a plot against the enemies of Allaah who were plotting against the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). | |||
Allaah says of the hypocrites (interpretation of the meaning): | |||
“And when they meet those who believe, they say: ‘We believe,’ but when they are alone with their Shayaateen (devils — polytheists, hypocrites), they say: ‘Truly, we are with you; verily, we were but mocking.’ | |||
Allaah mocks at them and gives them increase in their wrong-doing to wander blindly” | |||
[al-Baqarah 2:14-15] | |||
This is mocking the hypocrites. | |||
'''These attributes are to be regarded as indicating perfection in this context. Hence we say that Allaah mocks the hypocrites and deceives them, and that He plots against His enemies, and so on. But it is not permissible to describe Allaah as mocking or deceiving in absolute terms, because that does not indicate perfection.''' | |||
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked: Can Allaah be described as plotting and named as such? | |||
He replied: | |||
Allaah cannot be described as plotting except in a limited sense; He cannot be described as such in absolute terms. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): | |||
“Did they then feel secure against the Plan of Allaah? None feels secure from the Plan of Allaah except the people who are the losers” | |||
[al-A’raaf 7:99] | |||
This verse indicate that Allaah has a plan or plot, which was to confound them without them realizing it. This is akin to the hadeeth narrated by al-Bukhaari: “War is deceit.” | |||
'''If it is asked: How can Allaah be described as plotting when this seems to be something blameworthy?''' | |||
'''The answer is that plotting in the right circumstances may be something praiseworthy that points to the strength of the plotter, and that he is superior to his enemy. Hence Allaah cannot be described as plotting in absolute terms, and we cannot say “Allaah is a Plotter.” Rather this attribute is mentioned in a context where it is positive, such as the verses (interpretation of the meaning):''' | |||
'''“they were plotting and Allaah too was plotting”''' | |||
'''[al-Anfaal 8:30]''' | |||
'''“So they plotted a plot, and We planned a plan, while they perceived not”''' | |||
'''[al-Naml 27:50]''' | |||
And we cannot say in absolute terms that this cannot be ascribed to Allaah, rather in contexts where it is something positive it may be ascribed to Him, and in contexts where it is not something positive, it should not be ascribed to Him. So Allaah should not be called by a name which refers to this, so we cannot say that one of the names of Allaah is “the Plotter”. Plotting is one of His actions, because it has to do with the Will of Allaah. | |||
Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, 1/170. | |||
He was also asked: Can Allaah be described as betraying, or as deceiving, as in the verse (interpretation of the meaning): | |||
“Verily, the hypocrites seek to deceive Allaah, but it is He Who deceives them” | |||
[al-Nisa’ 4:142]? | |||
He replied: | |||
'''With regard to betrayal, this is something that can never be ascribed to Allaah, because it is something shameful in all circumstances, and it is plotting at a time of trust, which is blameworthy.''' Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): | |||
“But if they intend to betray you (O Muhammad), they indeed betrayed Allaah before. So He gave (you) power over them. And Allaah is All-Knower, All-Wise” | |||
[al-Anfaal 8:71] | |||
And He did not say: So He betrayed them. | |||
With regard to deceiving, it is like plotting. It may be ascribed to Allaah when it is something positive, but it cannot be ascribed to Him in absolute terms. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): | |||
“Verily, the hypocrites seek to deceive Allaah, but it is He Who deceives them” | |||
[al-Nisa’ 4:142] | |||
Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, 1/171 | |||
And Allaah knows best.}} | |||
Comme l'érudit Jamal Badawi, c'est encore un cas de ''plaidoirie spéciale'' (''Special pleading'') <ref name="special"/>. Il rajoute un sens au texte qui n'est pas là, dans le but de provenu seulement d'un certain ensemble de croyances que IslamQ&A tient: dont : | Comme l'érudit Jamal Badawi, c'est encore un cas de ''plaidoirie spéciale'' (''Special pleading'') <ref name="special"/>. Il rajoute un sens au texte qui n'est pas là, dans le but de provenu seulement d'un certain ensemble de croyances que IslamQ&A tient: dont : |