WikiIslam:Sandbox/Wartime sexual violence by Islamic terrorists: Difference between revisions

'''Rape jihad''' refers to the organized abduction, rape and/or enslavement of non-Muslim women or children<ref name="Kern">{{cite web|url=http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/3846/britain-child-grooming|title=Britain: "Rape Jihad" Against Children|last=Kern|first=Soeren|date=11 July 2013|publisher=Gatestone Institute|accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref> by [[Islamic extremism|Islamic extremists]]. The term was used as early as 2004 in descriptions of Darfur and [[Beslan massacre|Beslan]],<ref name="spencer24092004">{{cite web|url=http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=11278|title=The Rape Jihad|last=Spencer|first=Robert|authorlink=Robert Spencer (author)|date=24 September 2004|publisher=FrontPageMagazine.com|accessdate=13 December 2014}}</ref> and has since been applied to more recent incidents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issafrica.org/iss-today/sexual-terrorism-in-africa-a-case-of-two-crimes-in-one|title=Sexual terrorism in Africa: a case of two crimes in one|last=Salifu|first=Uyo|date=2 October 2013|publisher=Institute for Security Studies|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.afternoonvoice.com/after-love-jihad-now-rape-jihad.html|title=After love jihad, now rape jihad|date=17 October 2014|work=Afternoon Voice|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="greenfield">{{cite web|url=http://www.frontpagemag.com/2014/dgreenfield/rape-jihad-inside-isis-harem-for-captured-non-muslim-women/|title=Rape Jihad: Inside ISIS’ Harem for Captured Non-Muslim Women|last=Greenfield|first=Daniel|date=28 August 2014|publisher=FrontPageMag.com|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=|title=Perfect Enemy: The Law Enforcement Manual of Islamist Terrorism|author=Dean T. Olson|page=176|isbn=978-0-398-07885-0|publisher=Charles C Thomas Publisher LTD|date=2009|accessdate=4 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=|title=Islamic Violence in America's Streets|author=Ronald K. Pierce|page=92|isbn=978-1-49173-681-4|publisher=iUniverse|date=2014|accessdate=4 April 2015}}</ref>.

In its digital magazine, ''[[Dabiq (magazine)|Dabiq]]'', the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) explicitly claimed religious justification for enslaving Yazidi women (see section following). Specifically, ISIL argued that the Yazidi were idol worshipers and appealed to the [[shariah]] practice of [[Prisoners of war in Islam|spoils of war]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Islamic State Seeks to Justify Enslaving Yazidi Women and Girls in Iraq|url=http://www.newsweek.com/islamic-state-seeks-justify-enslaving-yazidi-women-and-girls-iraq-277100 |accessdate=3 November 2014|work=Newsweek|agency=Reuters|date=13 October 2014}}</ref><ref>Athena Yenko, [http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/569402/20141013/islamic-state-dabiq-magazine-isis-slavery.htm#.VD7r9EnD_Gg "Judgment Day Justifies Sex Slavery Of Women – ISIS Out With Its 4th Edition Of Dabiq Magazine"] ''International Business Times-Australia'', October 13, 2014{{dead link|date=April 2015}}</ref><ref>Allen McDuffee, [http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/10/isis-confirms-and-justifies-enslaving-yazidis-in-new-magazine-article/381394/ "ISIS Is Now Bragging About Enslaving Women and Children,"] ''[[The Atlantic]]'', Oct 13 2014</ref><ref name="Abdelaziz - ISIS States Justification">{{cite news|last=Abdelaziz|first=Salma|title=ISIS states its justification for the enslavement of women|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/12/world/meast/isis-justification-slavery |publisher=[[CNN]]|date=13 October 2014|accessdate=1 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Spencer|first=Richard|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11158797/Thousands-of-Yazidi-women-sold-as-sex-slaves-for-theological-reasons-says-Isil.html|title=Thousands of Yazidi women sold as sex slaves 'for theological reasons', says Isil|date=13 October 2014|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=3 November 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21625870-jihadists-boast-selling-captive-women-concubines-have-and-hold "To have and to hold: Jihadists boast of selling captive women as concubines,"] ''[[The Economist]]'', Oct 18th 2014</ref><ref>By AFP, [http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/features/2014/10/13/ISIS-declares-return-of-slavery-.html "ISIS jihadists boast of enslaving Yazidi women,"] ''[[Al Arabiya]]'', October 13, 2014</ref> ISIL asserts that certain [[Hadith]] and [[Qur’an]]ic verses support their right to enslave and rape captive non-Muslim women.<ref name="Kumar">{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Anugrah|title=ISIS Claims Islam Justifies Making 'Infidel' Women Sex Slaves|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/isis-claims-islam-justifies-making-infidel-women-sex-slaves-128004|agency=CHRISTIAN POST CONTRIBUTOR|work=[[The Christian Post]]|date=13 October 2014|accessdate=1 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Sypher - Rape">{{cite news|last= Sypher|first= Ford|title= Rape and Sexual Slavery Inside an ISIS Prison|url= http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/28/rape-and-sexual-slavery-inside-an-isis-prison.html|agency=Horror|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|date= 28 August 2014|accessdate= 5 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Abdelaziz - ISIS States Justification" /> ISIL appealed to [[Islamic eschatology|apocalyptic beliefs]] and "claimed justification by a Hadith that they interpret as portraying the revival of slavery as a precursor to the end of the world."<ref>Nour Malas, [http://online.wsj.com/articles/ancient-prophecies-motivate-islamic-state-militants-1416357441 "Ancient Prophecies Motivate Islamic State Militants: Battlefield Strategies Driven by 1,400-year-old Apocalyptic Ideas,"] ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'',  November 18, 2014 (accessed November 22, 2014){{subscription required}}</ref> According to ''Dabiq,'' "enslaving the families of the [[kuffar]] and taking their women as concubines is a firmly established aspect of the Sharia’s that if one were to deny or mock, he would be denying or mocking the verses of the Qur'an and the narration of the Prophet … and thereby apostatizing from Islam."<ref name="Kumar"/><ref name="TZ - 10-14-2014">{{cite news|title= ISIL seeks to justify enslaving Yazidi women and girls in Iraq|url= http://www.todayszaman.com/national_isil-seeks-to-justify-enslaving-yazidi-women-and-girls-in-iraq_361547.html |agency=abril|publisher=''[[Today's Zaman]]''|date=14 October 2014|accessdate=2 January 2014}}</ref> In late 2014 ISIL released a pamphlet that focused on the treatment of female slaves.<ref name="Smith - ISIS Publish Pamphlet">Amelia Smith, [http://www.newsweek.com/isis-release-questions-and-answers-pamphlet-how-treat-female-slaves-290511 "ISIS Publish Pamphlet On How to Treat Female Slaves,"] ''[[Newsweek]]'', 12/9/2014</ref><ref name="Our faith condones"/><ref name="Lackey - Pamphlet provides guidelines">Katharine Lackey, [http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/12/13/pamphlet-islamic-state-guidelines-sex-slaves/20359049/ "Pamphlet provides Islamic State guidelines for sex slaves,"] ''[[USA Today]]'', December 13, 2014</ref>  It says fighters are allowed to have sex with adolescent girls and to beat slaves as discipline. The pamphlet's guidelines also allow fighters to trade slaves, including for sex, as long as they have not been impregnated by their owner.<ref name="Smith - ISIS Publish Pamphlet"/><ref name="Our faith condones">{{cite news|title=Our faith condones raping underage slaves: ISIS publishes shocking guidebook telling fighters how to buy, sell and abuse captured women|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2872884/Our-faith-condones-raping-underage-slaves-ISIS-publishes-shocking-guidebook-telling-fighters-buy-sell-abuse-captured-women.html|author=Abul Taher|work=[[Daily Mail]]|date=13 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="Lackey - Pamphlet provides guidelines"/>

Rape has accompanied warfare in virtually every known historical era.<ref>{{cite book |last= Levinson |first=Bernard M |title= Gender and Law in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East |url=http://books.google.com/?id=2rZnXQwPX8gC&dq=rape+in+warfare+ancient |page= 203 |year=2004 |isbn= 978-0-567-08098-1}}</ref> Mass rape of both women or youths regardless of gender was among the punitive measures that might be taken against captured towns by [[Ancient Greece|Greek]], [[Persian Empire|Persian]], or [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] troops.<ref>On ancient Rome, see Sara Elise Phang, ''Roman Military Service: Ideologies of Discipline in the Late Republic and Early Principate'' (Cambridge University Press, 2008),  pp. 244, 253–254, 267–268 ''et passim''. See also [[Sexuality in ancient Rome#Sex in the military|Sex in the Roman military]].</ref> Female slavery and war rapes were also common during the medieval [[Arab slave trade]], where prisoners of war captured in battle from non-Arab lands often ended up as concubine slaves (who are considered free when their master dies).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/slavery_1.shtml#section_7 |title=Islam and slavery: Sexual slavery |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2014-04-30}}</ref>