Seznam originálních islámských vynálezů, inovací, rekordů a prvenství: Difference between revisions

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===Ženy===
===Ženy===


*With 91 percent of all [[Honor Violence|honor-related killings]] around the world being carried out by Muslims, Islam is a world-leader in producing honor killers.<ref>Phyllis Chesler - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.meforum.org/2646/worldwide-trends-in-honor-killings|2=2011-07-26}} Worldwide Trends in Honor Killings] - Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2010, pp. 3-11</ref>
*S 91 procenty všech [[Násilí ze cti|vražd ze cti]] po světě vykonaných muslimy, islám je světovým lídrem v produkci vrahů ze cti.<ref>Phyllis Chesler - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.meforum.org/2646/worldwide-trends-in-honor-killings|2=2011-07-26}} Worldwide Trends in Honor Killings] - Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2010, pp. 3-11</ref>
* All 12 countries with the largest gap in gender equality are countries where Muslims are the majority or Islam is the largest religion (the only country not to have a Muslim majority is [[Ivory Coast|Côte d'Ivoire]], but Islam is its single largest religion).<ref>{{cite web|quote=Muslim 38.6%, Christian 32.8%, indigenous 11.9%, none 16.7% (2008 est.)|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iv.html|title= Côte d'Ivoire|publisher= The World Factbook, CIA Directorate of Intelligence|author= |date= November 12, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fiv.html&date=2013-12-05|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GenderGap_Report_2012.pdf|2=2013-01-02}} The Global Gender Gap Report 2012] - World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland, October 2012</ref>
* Všech 12 zemí s největší mezerou v rovnosti pohlaví, jsou země, kde muslimové jsou většinou nebo islám je největším náboženstvím (jedinou zemí, která nemá populací většinově muslimskou je [[Pobřeží slonoviny]], ale islám je jejím největším náboženstvím).<ref>{{cite web|quote=Muslim 38.6%, Christian 32.8%, indigenous 11.9%, none 16.7% (2008 est.)|url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iv.html|title= Côte d'Ivoire|publisher= The World Factbook, CIA Directorate of Intelligence|author= |date= November 12, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fiv.html&date=2013-12-05|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GenderGap_Report_2012.pdf|2=2013-01-02}} The Global Gender Gap Report 2012] - World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland, October 2012</ref>
*The [[Maldives]], an Islamic country with a 100% Muslim population,<ref>The Maldives is the only country after Saudi Arabia that claims to have a 100 percent Muslim population. As per its constitution, only a Muslim can be a citizen of the country. Propagating any faith other than Islam, importing/publicly carrying literature that contradicts Islam or translation into the Dhivehi language of such books and writings, displaying in public any symbols or slogans belonging to any religion other than Islam, or creating interest in such articles are all against the law and are punishable with imprisonment, fines or banishment.</ref> also has the highest divorce rate in the world, with 10.97 divorces per 1,000 inhabitants per year.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-11000/highest-divorce-rate/|2=2013-01-05}} Highest divorce rate] - Guinness World Records, accessed January 5, 2013</ref>
*[[Maldivy]], islámská země se 100% muslimskou populací,<ref>Maldivy jsou jedinou zemí po Saudské Arábii, která tvrdí, že má 100% muslimskou populaci. Podle své ústavy, pouze muslim může být občanem země. Propagace jiné víry, než islámu, import/veřejné nošení literatury, která odporuje islámu, nebo překlad do maledivštiny takových knih a psaní, zobrazování symbolů nebo sloganů ne-islámských náboženství na veřejnosti, nebo mít zájem o takové články jsou všechno protiprávní a potrestatelné vězením, pokutami nebo deportací.</ref> zároveň s nejvyšší mírou rozvodovosti, s 10.97 rozvody na 1,000 obyvatelů ročně.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-11000/highest-divorce-rate/|2=2013-01-05}} Highest divorce rate] - Guinness World Records, accessed January 5, 2013</ref>
*According to Somayya Jabarti of Arab News, [[Saudi Arabia]] has the second highest divorce rate in the world (most divorces occur during the first three years of marriage).<ref>Somayya Jabarti - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.arabnews.com/node/239330|2=2013-01-01}} Alarming Divorce Rate ‘Must Be Addressed Urgently’] - Arab News, October 24, 2003</ref>
*Podle Somayya Jabarti v Arab News, [[Saudská Arábie]] má druhou nejvyšší míru rozvodů ve světě (většina rovzodů proběhne v prvních třech letech manželství).<ref>Somayya Jabarti - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.arabnews.com/node/239330|2=2013-01-01}} Alarming Divorce Rate ‘Must Be Addressed Urgently’] - Arab News, October 24, 2003</ref>
*The world's most wanted women is a British [[Converts to Islam|convert to Islam]]. She is believed to be the main financier of a major terrorist cell affiliated to al-Shabaab, an al-Qaida-linked group in [[Somalia]].<ref>Nick Owens, Mike Hamilton - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/hunt-for-the-77-white-widow-sas-1479771|2=2013-01-03}} Hunt for the 7/7 White Widow: SAS join search for Samantha Lewthwaite] - Mirror, December 8, 2012</ref>
*Nejvíce hledanou ženou světa je britská [[Konvertité k islámu|konvertitka k islámu]]. Údajně byla hlavním sponzorem hlavní teroristické buňky přidružené k al-Shabaab, skupině al-Kaidy v [[Somálsko|Somálsku]].<ref>Nick Owens, Mike Hamilton - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/hunt-for-the-77-white-widow-sas-1479771|2=2013-01-03}} Hunt for the 7/7 White Widow: SAS join search for Samantha Lewthwaite] - Mirror, December 8, 2012</ref>
*[[Turkey]] is the most promiscuous nation on earth, with the average Turk having had 14.5 sexual partners. The world average is 9 sexual partners (Indian and Chinese have had only 3 partners).<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.data360.org/pdf/20070416064139.Global%20Sex%20Survey.pdf|2=2013-03-23}} Durex 2005 Global Sex Survey results (p. 6)]</ref><ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.datingbee.org/whats-the-average-number-of-sex-partners/|2=2013-03-23}} What’s the average number of sex partners?] - DatingBee.org, September 11, 2012</ref><ref>David Whitley - [{{Reference archive|1=http://travel.ninemsn.com/world/654937/in-statistics-love-around-the-world|2=2013-03-23}} In statistics: love around the world] - NineMSN, accessed March 23, 2013</ref>
*[[Turecko]] je nejpromiskuitnějším národem na Zemi, s průměrným turkem majícím 14.5 sexuálních partnerů. Světový průměr je 9 sexuálních partnerů (Indové a Číňani mají pouze 3 partnery).<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.data360.org/pdf/20070416064139.Global%20Sex%20Survey.pdf|2=2013-03-23}} Durex 2005 Global Sex Survey results (p. 6)]</ref><ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.datingbee.org/whats-the-average-number-of-sex-partners/|2=2013-03-23}} What’s the average number of sex partners?] - DatingBee.org, September 11, 2012</ref><ref>David Whitley - [{{Reference archive|1=http://travel.ninemsn.com/world/654937/in-statistics-love-around-the-world|2=2013-03-23}} In statistics: love around the world] - NineMSN, accessed March 23, 2013</ref>
*The largest human trafficking case in US history involved a sex trafficking ring run by a gang of Somali Muslim immigrants in Tennessee and Minnesota.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://video.games.com/somali-gangs-on-trial-in-sex-trafficking-case-517327886|2=2013-03-23}} Somali Gangs on Trial in Sex Trafficking Case (video)] - Associated Press, April 9, 2012</ref>
*Největším případem obchodování s lidmi v americké historii byl okruh obchodníků se sexem vedený gangam somálských muslimských imigrantů v Tennessee a Minnesotě.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://video.games.com/somali-gangs-on-trial-in-sex-trafficking-case-517327886|2=2013-03-23}} Somali Gangs on Trial in Sex Trafficking Case (video)] - Associated Press, April 9, 2012</ref>
*Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim country with a population of 246 million, tops the UN bodies list for child trafficking cases (yet measures to protect children against sexual exploitation there "remain weak").<ref>Made Arya Kencana - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/measures-to-protect-children-from-sex-exploitation-still-weak/476408|2=2011-11-05}} Measures to Protect Children From Sex Exploitation ‘Still Weak’] - Jakarta Globe, November 4, 2011</ref>
*Indonézie, ve světe nejlidnatější muslimskou zemí s populací 246 milionů, je na prvním místě seznamu OSN pro obchodování s dětmi (zatímco opatření pro ochranu dětí proti sexuálnímu zneužívání "zůstávají slabé").<ref>Made Arya Kencana - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/measures-to-protect-children-from-sex-exploitation-still-weak/476408|2=2011-11-05}} Measures to Protect Children From Sex Exploitation ‘Still Weak’] - Jakarta Globe, November 4, 2011</ref>
*8 of the top 10 countries (including the top-spot) with the highest obesity rates among women are Muslim majorities (Qatar, Saudi Arabia, West Bank and Gaza, Lebanon, Albania, Bahrain, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates).<ref>[[:File:Economist rankings obesity women.JPG|Economist.com rankings for obesity among women]]</ref>
*8 z 10 zemí (včetně prvního místa) s největší mírou obezity u žen jsou všechny s muslimskou většinou (Katar, Saudská Arábie, Palestina, Lebanon, Albánie, Bahrajn, Egypt a Spojené arabské emiráty).<ref>[[:File:Economist rankings obesity women.JPG|Economist.com rankings for obesity among women]]</ref>
*Contrary to popular belief, Saudi Arabia, one of the most strictest Muslim countries in the world, also has one of the highest [[rape]] scales in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://womanstats.wordpress.com/2013/01/16/the-high-rape-scale-in-saudi-arabia/|title= The High Rape-Scale in Saudi Arabia|publisher= WomanStats Project (blog)|author= |date= January 16, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwomanstats.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F01%2F16%2Fthe-high-rape-scale-in-saudi-arabia%2F&date=2013-07-13|deadurl=no}}</ref>
*Navzdory populárnímu přesvědčení, Saudská Arábie, jedna z nejstriktnějších muslimských zemí, má zároveň nejvyšší míru [[Znásilnění|znásilňování]] ve světě.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://womanstats.wordpress.com/2013/01/16/the-high-rape-scale-in-saudi-arabia/|title= The High Rape-Scale in Saudi Arabia|publisher= WomanStats Project (blog)|author= |date= January 16, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwomanstats.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F01%2F16%2Fthe-high-rape-scale-in-saudi-arabia%2F&date=2013-07-13|deadurl=no}}</ref>
*Saudi Arabia is the only country in the world that imposes a state ban on female drivers.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://news.sky.com/story/1160010/saudi-women-protest-against-driving-ban |title= Saudi Women Protest Against Driving Ban |publisher= Sky News |author=Zein Ja'Far |date= October 26, 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2F1160010%2Fsaudi-women-protest-against-driving-ban&date=2013-12-30|deadurl=no}}</ref> It was also the last country in the world to deny women the right to vote in elections.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-women-gain-vote-for-the-first-time-2360883.html |title= Saudi women gain vote for the first time  |publisher= The Independant |author=Catrina Stewart |date= September 26, 2011 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fsaudi-women-gain-vote-for-the-first-time-2360883.html&date=2013-12-31 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
*Saudská Arábie je jedinou zemí světa, která ukládá zákaz ženám řídit auto.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://news.sky.com/story/1160010/saudi-women-protest-against-driving-ban |title= Saudi Women Protest Against Driving Ban |publisher= Sky News |author=Zein Ja'Far |date= October 26, 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2F1160010%2Fsaudi-women-protest-against-driving-ban&date=2013-12-30|deadurl=no}}</ref> Byla zároveň poslední zemí světa, která odpírala ženám právo volit ve volbách.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-women-gain-vote-for-the-first-time-2360883.html |title= Saudi women gain vote for the first time  |publisher= The Independant |author=Catrina Stewart |date= September 26, 2011 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fsaudi-women-gain-vote-for-the-first-time-2360883.html&date=2013-12-31 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
*According to a report by UN Women, Turkey tops Europe and the United States in the number of incidences of violence against women.<ref>Yonca Poyraz Doğan - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-273005-womens-groups-outraged-by-cabinets-drastic-changes-to-violence-bill-draft.html|2=2012-03-03}} Women's groups outraged by Cabinet's drastic changes to violence bill draft] - Today's Zaman, March 1, 2012</ref> More women die from gender-based violence than from cancer, traffic accidents, wars and malaria.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-289172-gender-based-violence-leading-cause-of-death-for-women-aged-15-44.html|2=2012-08-12}} Gender-based violence leading cause of death for women aged 15-44] - Today's Zaman, August 10, 2012</ref>
*Podle OSN, Turecko je na prvním místě v Evropě a Spojených státech v počtu incidentů násilí na ženách.<ref>Yonca Poyraz Doğan - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-273005-womens-groups-outraged-by-cabinets-drastic-changes-to-violence-bill-draft.html|2=2012-03-03}} Women's groups outraged by Cabinet's drastic changes to violence bill draft] - Today's Zaman, March 1, 2012</ref> Více žen zemře z genderově motivovaného násilí, než z rakoviny, dopravních nehod, války a malárie.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-289172-gender-based-violence-leading-cause-of-death-for-women-aged-15-44.html|2=2012-08-12}} Gender-based violence leading cause of death for women aged 15-44] - Today's Zaman, August 10, 2012</ref>


==Prvenství==
==Prvenství==
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