Na pravou míru: Nezázrak islámské vědy: Difference between revisions

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Destilované [[Alkohol|víno]] bylo známé v Číně již od 7. století.<ref name="China">[{{Reference archive|1=http://web.archive.org/web/20041216093844/http://www.askasia.org/frclasrm/lessplan/l000019.htm|2=2013-01-10}} Who Invented It? When? Chinese Inventions: An Introductory Activity] - Ask Asia, archived December 16, 2004</ref>
Destilované [[Alkohol|víno]] bylo známé v Číně již od 7. století.<ref name="China">[{{Reference archive|1=http://web.archive.org/web/20041216093844/http://www.askasia.org/frclasrm/lessplan/l000019.htm|2=2013-01-10}} Who Invented It? When? Chinese Inventions: An Introductory Activity] - Ask Asia, archived December 16, 2004</ref>


===Surgical Anesthetics===
===Chirurgická anestetika===


{{Quote||'''Co je učeno:''' The first surgery performed under inhalation anesthesia was conducted by C.W. Long, an American, in 1845.<BR><BR>'''Co by se mělo učit:''' Six hundred years prior to Long, Islamic Spain's Az-Zahrawi and Ibn Zuhr, among other Muslim surgeons, performed hundreds of surgeries under inhalation anesthesia with the use of narcotic-soaked sponges which were placed over the face.<ref name="Dr K. Ajram"></ref>}}
{{Quote||'''Co je učeno:''' První operace provedená pod inhalační anestezií byla provedena C.W. Long, američanem, roku 1845.<BR><BR>'''Co by se mělo učit:''' Šest set let před Longem, Az-Zahrawi a Ibn Zuhr v islámském Španělsku, spolu s dalšími muslimskými chirurgy, vykonali stovky operací s inhalační anestezií s použitím narkotiky-nasáklých hub, které byly umístěny na obličej.<ref name="Dr K. Ajram"></ref>}}


Dioscorides (40 - 90 AD), was a Greek surgeon with the armies of the Roman Emperor Nero. He wrote excellent descriptions of nearly 600 plants, including cannabis, colchicum, water hemlock, and peppermint, contained in his De materia medica. Written in five books around the year 77, this work deals with approximately 1,000 simple drugs.  
Dioscorides (40 - 90 AD), byl řecký chirurg u armády císaře Nera. Napsal vynikající popis téměř 600 rostlin, včetně cannabis, colchicum, vodního bolehlavu a máty peprné, obsažených v jeho De materia medica. Napsáno v pěti knihách kolem roku 77, tato práce se zabývá asi 1,000 jednoduchými léky.  


The medicinal and dietetic value of animal derivatives such as milk and honey is described in the second book, and a synopsis of such chemical drugs as mercury (with directions for its preparation from cinnabar), arsenic (referred to as auripigmentum, the yellow arsenic sulfide), lead acetate, calcium hydrate, and copper oxide is found in the fifth book. He clearly refers to sleeping potions prepared from opium and mandragora as surgical anesthetics “to such (people) as shall be cut, or cauteried .... For they do not apprehend the pain because they are overborn (overcome) with dead sleep .... But used too much they make men speechless.”  
The medicinal and dietetic value of animal derivatives such as milk and honey is described in the second book, and a synopsis of such chemical drugs as mercury (with directions for its preparation from cinnabar), arsenic (referred to as auripigmentum, the yellow arsenic sulfide), lead acetate, calcium hydrate, and copper oxide is found in the fifth book. He clearly refers to sleeping potions prepared from opium and mandragora as surgical anesthetics “to such (people) as shall be cut, or cauteried .... For they do not apprehend the pain because they are overborn (overcome) with dead sleep .... But used too much they make men speechless.”  
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