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Questo articolo esamina il concetto del piccolo e grande [[Terrorism|Jihad]], e del suo ruolo nell'[[Islam]].

* Minore (outer)_ jihad (al-jihad al-asghar);  uno sforzo militare, ossia una guerra santa;

* Grande jihad interiore (al-jihad al-akbar);  l'impegno del miglioramento personale contro i propri desideri;

Loro affermano che il "Jihad interiore" si riferisce essenzialmente a tutti gli sforzi che un Musulmano può_ go through, nell'aderire alla religione. Per esempio, uno studio di scolari dell'Islam can be an intellectual struggle that some allegedly may refer to as "jihad."

===Origins===

During Prophet [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] lifetime, and onward to the present, the word 'Jihad' was, and is, almost always used in a military sense.<ref>{{cite web|url= |title= The Crisis of Islam|publisher= |author= Bernard Lewis|series=chapter 2|date= 2001|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref> This idea of a greater and lesser jihad was a later development which originated from the 11^th century book, The History of Baghdad, by the Islamic scholar al-Khatib al-Baghdadiis, by way of Yahya ibn al 'Ala', who said:  

{{Quote||We were told by Layth, on the authority of 'Ata', on the authority of Abu Rabah, on the authority of Jabir, who said, 'The Prophet (salallaahu 'alayhee wa sallam) returned from one of his battles, and thereupon told us, 'You have arrived with an excellent arrival, you have come from the Lesser Jihad to the Greater Jihad - the striving of a servant (of Allah) against his desires.'<ref>Fayd al-Qadir vol. 4, p. 511</ref>}}

In fact, all four schools of [[Sunni]] jurisprudence ([[Fiqh]]) as well as the [[Shiite|Shi'ite]] tradition make no reference at all to the "greater" jihad, only the lesser. So even before examining the evidence against the validity of this hadith, it is known that the concept of the greater jihad is unorthodox and heretical to the majority of the world's Muslims.

==Analysis==

===Nonconformity with the Qur'an===

One of the most important factors in the classification of a genuine [[hadith]], is that it must conform with what is written in the [[Qur'an]]. However, this hadith directly contradicts the teachings of the Qur'an.

{{Quote|{{Quran|4|95}}|Not equal are those believers who sit (at home) and receive no hurt, and those who strive and fight in the cause of Allah with their goods and their persons. Allah hath granted a grade higher to those who strive and fight with their goods and persons than to those who sit (at home). Unto all (in Faith) Hath Allah promised good: But those who strive and fight Hath He distinguished above those who sit (at home) by a special reward,}}

===Nonconformity with Major Hadith Collections===

In all six major Hadith collections (Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Dawud, al-Sughra, Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah), jihad almost always refers to the "lesser" outward physical struggle and not the "greater" inward spiritual struggle. As an example, there are nearly 200 references to jihad in the most trusted collection of hadith, Sahih Bukhari, and ''every single one'' assumes that jihad means literal warfare.