Iman and kufr word count in the Qur'an: Difference between revisions

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Iman and kufr word count in the Qur'an (view source)

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This article lists all occurrences of the Arabic words ''iman'' (إِيمَٰن) and ''kufr'' (كُفْر) in the Qur'an. ''Iman'' means faith or belief, ''kufr'' means disbelief or infidelity. The purpose is to analyze the claim (miracle) that they both appear 25 times when counting without the genitive forms.
==Arabic grammar==
In order to count genitive forms we have to know how to determine whether a word is in the genitive.
===Trilateral root===
Most Arabic words have a trilateral root.
* ''iman'' has the root امن (i-m-n)
* ''kufr'' has the root كفر (k-f-r)
From these roots we can derive many words by adding (or sometimes dropping) letters like:
* ''kuffar'' - "disbelievers"
* ''mumineen'' - "believers"
* ''amanna'' - "we believe"
* ''nakfuru'' - "we disbelieve"
===Genitive===
Whether the word is in the nominative, accusative or genitive form depends on diacritics on the third letter of the root.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://arabic.desert-sky.net/g_cases.html |title=Arabic case system |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122114458/http://arabic.desert-sky.net/g_cases.html |deadurl=no}}  </ref> So ''r'' (ر) in ''kufr'' and ''n'' (ن) in ''iman''.
To put it very simply:
* و above the letter (looks like this: نُ, رُ or رٌ) mean it is ''nominative'' and the vowel after the letter is "u"
** ٱلْإِيمَٰنُ - al-ima'''nu''' - the faith
** إِيمَٰ'''نُ'''هُمْ - ima'''nu'''hum - their faith
* line(s) above the letter (نَ, رَ, رً) mean it is ''accusative'' and the vowel after the letter is "a".
** ٱلْكُفْرَ - ''al-kuf'''ra''''' - the disbelief
* line(s) under the letter (رِ, نٍ, نِ) mean it is ''genitive'' and the vowel after the letter is "i" ("ee")
** ٱلْكُفْرِ - ''al-kuf'''ri''''' - the disbelief
** بِكُفْرِهِمْ -- ''bi-kuf'''ri'''him'' - for their disbelief
===Possessive pronouns as suffixes===
Words like "her", "my", "their" in Arabic are suffixed to the word. For example the suffix ''-him'' (هم) means "their". So ''kufrihim'' (كُفْرِهِمْ) is "their disbelief". The word بِإِيمَٰنِهِنَّ (bi-imaa'''ni'''hinna, "of their faith") is genitive, because the root letter is in the middle and the ''-hinna'' is just a suffix meaning (feminine) "their". This word ended on ''-na'', but it had ''-ni-'' in the middle (the root letter) and it is genitive, so don't just look at the last letter of the word to determine whether it is genitive.
===Conjunctions as prefixes===
English words like "and", "for", "with" are prefixed to the word in the Arabic language:
* "and" is prefixed as ''waw-'' (و)
* "for" or "to" is prefixed as ''li-'' (ل)
* "with" or "in" is prefixed as ''bi-'' (ب)
==Iman==
The genitive case is actually not needed here to be recognized. In fact, we will see that apologists didn't exclude the genitive forms for this word count. They excluded the words with the suffixes like "their", "her" and "his" and they just call them "genitive".
The occurrences with suffixed possessive pronouns are counted in the "Translation" column.
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" class= "wikitable sortable"
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" class= "wikitable sortable"
!Count
!Count
Line 6: Line 47:
!Form
!Form
|-
|-
|1||2:93||||faith||
|1||2:93||إِيمَٰنُكُمْ||''your'' faith 1||nominative 1
|-
|2||2:108||بِٱلْإِيمَٰنِ||with faith||genitive 1
|-
|3||2:109||إِيمَٰنِكُمْ||''your'' faith 2||genitive 2
|-
|4||2:143||إِيمَٰنَكُمْ||''your'' faith 3||accusative 1
|-
|5||3:86||إِيمَٰنِهِمْ||''their'' faith 4||genitive 3
|-
|6||3:90||إِيمَٰنِهِمْ||''their'' faith 5||genitive 4
|-
|7||3:100||إِيمَٰنِكُمْ||''your'' faith 6||genitive 5
|-
|8||3:106||إِيمَٰنِكُمْ||''your'' faith 7||genitive 6
|-
|9||3:167||لِلْإِيمَٰنِ||to the faith||genitive 7
|-
|10||3:173||إِيمَٰنًا||faith||accusative 2
|-
|11||3:177||بِٱلْإِيمَٰنِ||with the faith||genitive 8
|-
|12||3:193||لِلْإِيمَٰنِ||to the faith||genitive 9
|-
|13||4:25||بِإِيمَٰنِكُم||of ''your'' faith 8||genitive 10
|-
|14||5:5||بِٱلْإِيمَٰنِ||in faith||genitive 11
|-
|15||6:82||إِيمَٰنَهُم||''their'' faith 9||accusative 3
|-
|16||6:158||إِيمَٰنُهَا||''her'' faith 10||nominative 2
|-
|17||6:158||إِيمَٰنِهَا||''her'' faith 11||genitive 12
|-
|18||8:2||إِيمَٰنًا||faith||accusative 4
|-
|19||9:23||ٱلْإِيمَٰنِ||faith||genitive 13
|-
|20||9:66||إِيمَٰنِكُمْ||''your'' faith 12||genitive 14
|-
|21||9:124||إِيمَٰنًا||faith||accusative 5
|-
|22||9:124||إِيمَٰنًا||faith||accusative 6
|-
|23||10:9||بِإِيمَٰنِهِمْ||by ''their'' faith 13||genitive 15
|-
|24||10:98||إِيمَٰنُهَآ||''her'' faith 14||nominative 3
|-
|25||16:106||إِيمَٰنِهِ||''his'' faith 15||genitive 16
|-
|26||16:106||بِٱلْإِيمَٰنِ||with the faith||genitive 17
|-
|27||30:56||وَٱلْإِيمَٰنَ||and the faith||accusative 7
|-
|28||32:29||إِيمَٰنُهُمْ||''their'' faith 16||nominative 4
|-
|29||33:22||إِيمَٰنًا||faith||accusative 8
|-
|30||40:10||ٱلْإِيمَٰنِ||the faith||genitive 18
|-
|31||40:28||إِيمَٰنَهُۥٓ||''his'' faith 17||accusative 9
|-
|-
|2||2:108||||faith||
|32||40:85||إِيمَٰنُهُمْ||''their'' faith 18||nominative 5
|-
|-
|3||2:109||||faith||
|33||42:52||ٱلْإِيمَٰنُ||the faith||nominative 6
|-
|-
|4||2:143||||faith||
|34||48:4||إِيمَٰنًا||faith||accusative 10
|-
|-
|5||3:86||||faith||
|35||48:4||إِيمَٰنِهِمْ||''their'' faith 19||genitive 19
|-
|-
|6||3:90||||faith||
|36||49:7||ٱلْإِيمَٰنَ||the faith||accusative 11
|-
|-
|7||3:100||||faith||
|37||49:11||ٱلْإِيمَٰنِ||the faith||genitive 20
|-
|-
|8||3:106||||faith||
|38||49:14||ٱلْإِيمَٰنُ||the faith||nominative 7
|-
|-
|9||3:167||||faith||
|39||49:17||لِلْإِيمَٰنِ||to the faith||genitive 21
|-
|40||52:21||بِإِيمَٰنٍ||in faith||genitive 22
|-
|41||58:22||ٱلْإِيمَٰنَ||the faith||accusative 12
|-
|42||59:9||وَٱلْإِيمَٰنَ||and the faith||accusative 13
|-
|43||59:10||بِٱلْإِيمَٰنِ||in the faith||genitive 23
|-
|44||60:10||بِإِيمَٰنِهِنَّ||of ''their'' faith 20||genitive 24
|-
|45||74:31||إِيمَٰنًا||faith||accusative 14
|}
 
We have 45 forms, when we exclude the 24 genitive ones, we get 21 occurrences.
 
However when we exclude the 20 forms with possessive pronoun suffixes, we get the 25 occurrences.
 
==Kufr==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" class= "wikitable sortable"
!Count
!Verse
!Word in Arabic
!Translation
!Form
|-
|-
|10||3:173||||faith||
|1||2:88||بِكُفْرِهِمْ||for ''their'' disbelief 1||genitive 1
|-
|-
|11||3:177||||faith||
|2||2:93||بِكُفْرِهِمْ||for ''their'' disbelief 2||genitive 2
|-
|-
|12||3:193||||faith||
|3||2:108||ٱلْكُفْرَ||the disbelief||accusative 1
|-
|-
|13||4:25||||faith||
|4||2:217||وَكُفْرٌ ||and disbelief||nominative 1
|-
|-
|14||5:5||||faith||
|5||3:52||ٱلْكُفْرَ||the disbelief||accusative 2
|-
|-
|15||6:82||||faith||
|6||3:80||بِٱلْكُفْرِ||to disbelief||genitive 3
|-
|-
|16||6:158||||faith||
|7||3:90||كُفْرًا||disbelief||accusative 3
|-
|-
|17||6:158||||faith||
|8||3:167||لِلْكُفْرِ||to disbelief||genitive 4
|-
|-
|18||8:2||||faith||
|9||3:176||ٱلْكُفْرِ||the disbelief||genitive 5
|-
|-
|19||9:23||||faith||
|10||3:177||ٱلْكُفْرَ||the disbelief||accusative 4
|-
|-
|20||9:66||||faith||
|11||4:46||بِكُفْرِهِمْ||for ''their'' disbelief 3||genitive 6
|-
|-
|21||9:124||||faith||
|12||4:137||كُفْرًا||disbelief||accusative 5
|-
|-
|22||9:124||||faith||
|13||4:155||وَكُفْرِهِم||and ''their'' disbelief 4||genitive 7
|-
|-
|23||10:9||||faith||
|14||4:155||بِكُفْرِهِمْ||for ''their'' disbelief 5||genitive 8
|-
|-
|24||10:98||||faith||
|15||4:156||وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ||and for ''their'' disbelief 6||genitive 9
|-
|-
|25||16:106||||faith||
|16||5:41||ٱلْكُفْرِ||the disbelief||genitive 10
|-
|-
|26||16:106||||faith||
|17||5:61||بِٱلْكُفْرِ||with disbelief||genitive 11
|-
|-
|27||30:56||||faith||
|18||5:64||وَكُفْرًا||and disbelief||accusative 6
|-
|-
|28||32:29||||faith||
|19||5:68||وَكُفْرًا||and disbelief||accusative 7
|-
|-
|29||33:22||||faith||
|20||9:12||ٱلْكُفْرِ||the disbelief||genitive 12
|-
|-
|30||40:10||||faith||
|21||9:17||بِٱلْكُفْرِ||with disbelief||genitive 13
|-
|-
|31||40:28||||faith||
|22||9:23||ٱلْكُفْرَ||the disbelief||accusative 8
|-
|-
|32||40:85||||faith||
|23||9:37||ٱلْكُفْرِ||the disbelief||genitive 14
|-
|-
|33||42:52||||faith||
|24||9:74||ٱلْكُفْرِ||the disbelief||genitive 15
|-
|-
|34||48:4||||faith||
|25||9:97||كُفْرًا||disbelief||accusative 9
|-
|-
|35||48:4||||faith||
|26||9:107||وَكُفْرًا||and disbelief||accusative 10
|-
|-
|36||49:7||||faith||
|27||14:28||كُفْرًا||disbelief||accusative 11
|-
|-
|37||49:11||||faith||
|28||16:106||بِٱلْكُفْرِ||to disbelief||genitive 16
|-
|-
|38||49:14||||faith||
|29||18:80||وَكُفْرًا||and disbelief||accusative 12
|-
|-
|39||49:17||||faith||
|30||30:44||كُفْرُهُۥ||''his'' disbelief 7||nominative 2
|-
|-
|40||52:21||||faith||
|31||31:23||كُفْرُهُۥٓ ||''his'' disbelief 8||nominative 3
|-
|-
|41||58:22||||faith||
|32||35:39||كُفْرُهُۥ||''his'' disbelief 9||nominative 4
|-
|-
|42||59:9||||faith||
|33||35:39||كُفْرُهُمْ||''their'' disbelief 10||nominative 5
|-
|-
|43||59:10||||faith||
|34||39:7||ٱلْكُفْرَ||the disbelief *||accusative 13
|-
|-
|44||60:10||||faith||
|35||39:8||بِكُفْرِكَ||in ''your'' disbelief 11||genitive 17
|-
|-
|45||74:31||||faith||
|36||49:7||ٱلْكُفْرَ||the disbelief||accusative 14
|}
|}
(*) This occurrence (39:7) is sometimes translated as "ungratefulness":
* Yusuf Ali: "If ye reject (Allah), Truly Allah hath no need of you; but He liketh not '''ingratitude''' (ٱلْكُفْرَ, ''al-kufra'') from His servants: if ye are grateful, He is pleased with you.."
* Shakir: "If you are ungrateful, then surely Allah is Self-sufficient above all need of you; and He does not like '''ungratefulness''' (ٱلْكُفْرَ, ''al-kufra'') in His servants.."
* Dr. Ghali: "In case you disbelieve, then surely Allah is Ever-Affluent (Literally: Ever-Rich) to do without you, and He is not satisfied with '''disbelief''' (ٱلْكُفْرَ, ''al-kufra'') from His bondmen. And in case you thank (Him), He is satisfied with it for you.."
* Pickthall: "If ye are thankless, yet Allah is Independent of you, though He is not pleased with '''thanklessness''' (ٱلْكُفْرَ, ''al-kufra'') for His bondmen; and if ye are thankful He is pleased therewith for you.."
We have 36 forms. When we exclude the 17 genitive forms, we get 19 occurrences.
However when we exclude the 11 forms with possessive pronoun suffixes we get the 25 occurrences.
There is also the word ''kufoor'' (كفور) from the same root which is translated as "disbelief" or "ungratefulness" and was not counted:
* Verse 17:89 "And We have certainly diversified for the people in this Qur'an from every [kind] of example, but most of the people refused [anything] except disbelief (كُفُورًا , ''kufooran'')."
==Conclusions==
* The word ''iman'' appears '''45''' times in all its forms and the word ''kufr'' appears '''36''' times in all its forms
* When the genitive form is not counted, ''iman'' appears '''21''' times and ''kufr'' '''19''' times.
* When the forms with possessive pronoun suffixes like "their", "her", "his" are excluded, then both ''iman'' and ''kufr'' have '''25''' occurrences.
** In this word count, the words with various prefixes are counted, and also the words with the letter ا (''alif'') at the end of the word, are counted. So these occurrences cannot be called "basic forms" in any way and this method of counting and excluding words is very specific and questionable.
** This word count includes the occurrence in the verse 39:7 which is sometimes translated as "ungratefulness" and not "disbelief"
** This word count does not include occurrences of the word ''kufoor'' which are sometimes translated as "disbelief"
** By now it is worth noting how many words are being excluded to arrive at the number 25. This is hardly miraculous; it looks as if a Muslim apologist can select or ignore any occurrences of a word or meaning according to his/her convenience, just to get to the desired number. This is a type of fallacy called [[w:Cherry picking|cherry picking]].
** If Allah intended this word count miracle, then what is its meaning? Is belief equal to disbelief? Shouldn't belief have something like a double word count? And why we do have to exclude some forms to get the miraculous word count?
==See also==
* [[Word Count Miracles in the Qur'an]]
* [[365 days miracle in the Quran]]
* [[12 months miracle in the Quran]]
* [[Dunya and akhira word count in the Qur'an]]
* [[Land to water ratio miracle in the Qur'an]]
* [[Man and woman word count in the Qur'an]]
* [[Paradise and hell word count in the Qur'an]]
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}


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[[Category:Miracles]]
[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Arabic]]
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