Glossary of Islamic Terms: Difference between revisions

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|'''Abu Bakr'''

|Close Companion of Muhammad, who was also the father Muhammad’s wife Aisha. Abu Bakr was the first Caliph of Islam after Muhammad’s death.  

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|'''Abu Hanifa'''

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|'''Abu Hurayrah'''

|A close Companion of the Prophet from the battle of Khaybar (7/629), he was reputed to have a phenomenal memory,transmitting over 3,000 Prophetic traditions.He is known as Abu Hurayrah because when he worked as a goatherd he kept a small kitten to play with.

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|'''[[Abu Lahab]]'''

|Full name: Abu Lahab Abd al-Uzza Bin Abdul Muttalib. Uncle of Muhammad, but was a staunch critic of Islam. His name is mentioned in {{Quran|111|1-5}} as condemned to Hell along with his wife for their opposition to Muhammad and Islam.

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|'''[[Abrogation]] (Naskh)'''

| The doctrine, based on {{Quran|2|106}}, {{Quran|13|39}}, {{Quran|16|101}}, {{Quran|17|86}}, {{Quran|87|6-7}}, that Allah rescinded some previous revelations.  The most crucial topic for any infidel is the rule of abrogations through which Allah allowed Himself to change His mind. Apart from this silliness stands the fact that most of the peaceful verses (written in Mecca) likely quoted by Islamic apologists, were, in fact, substituted by others (later written in Medina): mainly all the bloody verses found in chapters 3 (-Chr.89-), 5 (-Chr.112-), 8 (-Chr.88-) and chapter 9 (-Chr.113-), particularly its 'Verse of the Sword' (9.5).  

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|'''Adhan'''

|A call to prayer in Arabic, often made through a loudspeaker by a person known as Muadhin. Muslims hear this call five times a day, and prepare themselves for the prayer.

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|'''Ahl al-Bait'''

|Literal meaning: "People of the House". This term occurs twice in the Quran {{Quran|11|73}} {{Quran|33|33}}. In Quran. 11:73 it refers to the “house” or family of the prophet Abraham, while in Quran 33:33 it has a more general sense. In its pre-Islamic usage, the term was applied to the ruling family of a clan or tribe, and thus it implies a certain nobility and right to rule.

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|'''[[Islam and the People of the Book|Ahl al-Kitab]]'''

|Literal meaning: People of the book, a term originated in the Qur'an to represent Jews and Christians who received earlier revelations from God.

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|'''Ahmed bin Hanbal'''

|Hadith expert and theologian. He was the founder of the Hanbalı Madhhab, a prominent Fiqhi School in Islam. Ahmed bin Hanbal was persecuted by the Abbasids during their inquisition because he refused to admit the Qur'an was created.   

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|'''[[Aisha]]'''  

|The daughter of Abu Bakr.  She was Muhammad's third and favorite wife whom he married after the death of Khadıjah, his first wife.  Aisha was only six years old at the time of her marriage to Muhammad.

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|'''[[Islamic Witch Hunts|Al-‘ayn]]'''

|Arabic word meaning the "evil eye". Witchcraft, and the effects of the "evil eye" are mainstream Islamic beliefs, supported by sahih hadith.

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|'''Al-hamdu lillahi rabbil 'alamin'''

|"Praise be to the God, the Lord of the worlds."  

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|'''[[Allah]]'''

| The Arabic name for ''God''. The name "Allah" was known in pre-Islamic Arabia as the head of the pantheon.  It is always written al-Ilah (The God) in the Qur'an, never ''Allah''. Some non-Muslims believe Allah to be Muhammad's alter-ego.  Allah existed before Mohammed, since his father was named Abdullah (slave of Allah). Its most probable origin is the Arabic moon god II-ilah, but we find in Mt.5.8 the name Alaha, Syriac for God from the Aramaic Alôh-ô, and Eloi in Mc.15.34 and Mt.27.46. Both Alaha and Yah find an ancestor in the Egyptian Yah (Iah or Lah: the moon proper). To reject al-Ilah (Allah) or to assign partners with him (see [[shirk]]) is considered the greatest of sins.

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|'''[[Allahu Akbar]]'''

|Often said to mean “God is great”, but actually means “Allah is greater”.

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|'''[[Love and Hate in Islam|Al Wala' Wal Bara']]'''

|Meaning "loyalty and disavowal". An Islamic concept that requires one to love what Allah loves, and hate what Allah hates.

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|'''[[Islamic Antisemitism|Antisemitism]]'''

|Hatred of Jews.  The Quran is extremely antisemitic.  See Craig Winn's [http://www.prophetofdoom.net/Mein_Kampf.Islam comparison of Muhammad and Hitler].

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|'''[[Arabic]]'''  

|The largest living member of the Semitic languages family in terms of speakers. Modern Standard Arabic derives from Classical (Qur'anic) Arabic, the only surviving member of the Old North Arabian dialect group, attested epigraphically since the 6th century, which has been a literary language and the liturgical language of Islam since the 7th century CE.

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|'''[[Videos_on_Islam:_Rituals|Ashura]]'''  

|A day in the Islamic month ''Muharram'' on which religious Shi'ite Muslims beat themselves bloody with swords, chains, knives and other metal objects.

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|'''Asr'''

|Late afternoon prayer.

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|'''Assalamu alaikum'''

|Greetings by a Muslim to another Muslim. It means, “Peace be upon you”.

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|'''Astaghfirullah'''

|“I ask God's forgiveness”  

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|'''[[Friendship of Non-Muslims|Awliya]]'''

|Meaning 'protector', or 'friend'. The Qur'an forbids Muslims from taking Christians, Jews and other disbelievers as freinds.

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|'''[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Al-'Azl|Al-'Azl]]'''

|Coitus interruptus; incomplete sexual intercourse; sexual intercourse when the man withdraws his penis and ejaculates outside the woman's body.

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