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Glossary of Islamic Terms: Difference between revisions
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{| border="1px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" style="font-size: 100%;" | {| border="1px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" style="font-size: 100%;" | ||
!Word | !Word | ||
!In Arabic | |||
!Definition | !Definition | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Hadith]]''' | |'''[[Hadith]]''' | ||
|The | |حديث | ||
|The Hadiths are traditions of Muhammad, giving us important information about his life. They are usually narrations about a certain incident in which he said or did something. This is how Muslims determine the Sunnah (Muhammad's way of life.) It is key to Islam since Muslims are commanded to obey Muhammad and emulate him. In fact, four out of five of Islam’s Pillars would not exist without the Hadith, therefore making Islam impossible to practice. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Hajj]]''' | |'''[[Hajj]]''' | ||
|حج | |||
|Annual (and often dangerous) pilgrimage to the [[Ka'aba]] in Mecca in order to participate in [[Pagan_Origins_of_Islam|pagan rituals]], some of them involving the [[Black Stone|black stone]]. | |Annual (and often dangerous) pilgrimage to the [[Ka'aba]] in Mecca in order to participate in [[Pagan_Origins_of_Islam|pagan rituals]], some of them involving the [[Black Stone|black stone]]. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Halal''' | |'''Halal''' | ||
|حلال | |||
|What is permitted if not mandatory. It defines all that is good or acceptable for a Muslim. | |What is permitted if not mandatory. It defines all that is good or acceptable for a Muslim. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Hanif''' | |'''Hanif''' | ||
|حنيف | |||
|An Arabic term that refers to pre-Islamic non-Jewish or non-Christian Arabian monotheists. Many Qur'anic verses talk about Ibrahim (Abraham) the Hanif (i.e. apostate of idolatry). | |An Arabic term that refers to pre-Islamic non-Jewish or non-Christian Arabian monotheists. Many Qur'anic verses talk about Ibrahim (Abraham) the Hanif (i.e. apostate of idolatry). | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Haraam''' | |'''Haraam''' | ||
|(opposite of halal); sinful; unlawful; forbidden | |(opposite of halal); sinful; unlawful; forbidden | ||
|حَرَام | |||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Harbi''' | |'''Harbi''' | ||
|حربي | |||
|A non-Muslim living in an area regarded as ''Dar Al-harb,'' the 'domain of war,' in which Islam does not dominate and must therefore be fought until Islam dominates it. | |A non-Muslim living in an area regarded as ''Dar Al-harb,'' the 'domain of war,' in which Islam does not dominate and must therefore be fought until Islam dominates it. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Hijab]]''' | |'''[[Hijab]]''' | ||
|حجاب | |||
|Observance of Hijab by female Muslims can consist of the Jilbāb; any long and loose-fitting garment, the Khimar; a scarf or wrap (often referred to simply as 'hijab') used to cover the head and neck, and the Niqāb; a piece of cloth which veils the face. | |Observance of Hijab by female Muslims can consist of the Jilbāb; any long and loose-fitting garment, the Khimar; a scarf or wrap (often referred to simply as 'hijab') used to cover the head and neck, and the Niqāb; a piece of cloth which veils the face. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Hijra''' | |'''Hijra''' | ||
|هجرة | |||
|Due to growing animosity between the pagan and Muslim Meccans in 622 AD, Muhammad and his followers fled to Medina, marking the beginning of the Hijra (Migration) era of the Islamic lunar calender and Muhammad's metamorphosis from a preacher to a political and military leader. | |Due to growing animosity between the pagan and Muslim Meccans in 622 AD, Muhammad and his followers fled to Medina, marking the beginning of the Hijra (Migration) era of the Islamic lunar calender and Muhammad's metamorphosis from a preacher to a political and military leader. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Honor Related Violence|Honor Killings]]''' | |'''[[Honor Related Violence|Honor Killings]]''' | ||
|القتل الشرف | |||
|The 'right' of a family to wash its spoiled 'honor' by the 'misconduct' of another family member. This misbehaving includes being raped, thus loosing her hymen to a stranger, among the most horrible thing possible in an Islamic mindset. Refusing to engage into an arranged marriage is also such a dishonor. Said not to be Islamic by western apologists only, but understood by Muslims as the correct application of many Qur'anic verses: Q.24.31 (-Chr.102-); 33.32-36 59 (-Chr.90-); 65.1-6 (-Chr.95-); 66.5 (-Chr107-) and 4.34 (-Chr.92-). | |The 'right' of a family to wash its spoiled 'honor' by the 'misconduct' of another family member. This misbehaving includes being raped, thus loosing her hymen to a stranger, among the most horrible thing possible in an Islamic mindset. Refusing to engage into an arranged marriage is also such a dishonor. Said not to be Islamic by western apologists only, but understood by Muslims as the correct application of many Qur'anic verses: Q.24.31 (-Chr.102-); 33.32-36 59 (-Chr.90-); 65.1-6 (-Chr.95-); 66.5 (-Chr107-) and 4.34 (-Chr.92-). | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Hubal]]''' | |'''[[Hubal]]''' | ||
|هبل | |||
|A moon god worshipped at Mecca by the pre-Islamic Arabians | |A moon god worshipped at Mecca by the pre-Islamic Arabians | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Hudna]]''' | |'''[[Hudna]]''' | ||
|هدنة | |||
| Arabic term meaning a temporary "truce" or "armistice". The prophet made a [[Treaty of Hudaybiyyah|ten-year treaty]] with the Quraysh. Two years later though it was broken unilaterely to strike the Quraysh and Muhammad entered Mecca. Since that time the term “Hudna” designates a strategic cessation of hostilities, which has alone the sense of a forced misalignment. | | Arabic term meaning a temporary "truce" or "armistice". The prophet made a [[Treaty of Hudaybiyyah|ten-year treaty]] with the Quraysh. Two years later though it was broken unilaterely to strike the Quraysh and Muhammad entered Mecca. Since that time the term “Hudna” designates a strategic cessation of hostilities, which has alone the sense of a forced misalignment. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Hurriyya]]''' | |'''[[Hurriyya]]''' | ||
|حرية | |||
| Arabic term corresponding to the word 'freedom'. However, it was defined by the philosopher Ibn Arabi (d. 1240) as "perfect slavery to Allah". According to the late American scholar of Islam, Franz Rosenthal (d. 2003), Islamic culture historically has nothing corresponding to the Western concept of freedom. | | Arabic term corresponding to the word 'freedom'. However, it was defined by the philosopher Ibn Arabi (d. 1240) as "perfect slavery to Allah". According to the late American scholar of Islam, Franz Rosenthal (d. 2003), Islamic culture historically has nothing corresponding to the Western concept of freedom. | ||
|- | |- | ||