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The word ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ (''al-mushrikeen'') was also translated as "polytheists" (by Sahih International) or "idolaters" (by Pickthall) or "associators" (by Dr. Ghali) <ref>https://quran.com/9/5</ref>. Literally, al-mushrikeen are people who commit "shirk", that is "associating partners with Allah". Christians and Jews are also mushrikeen because Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god and Jews (according to Islam) believe that Ezra is the son of god and "they took their rabbis as lords besides Allah" (verses 9:30-31) <ref>https://islamqa.info/en/67626</ref>. The words "mushrikeen" and "kaafireen" (infidels) are used interchangeably in this sura.<ref> | The word ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ (''al-mushrikeen'') was also translated as "polytheists" (by Sahih International) or "idolaters" (by Pickthall) or "associators" (by Dr. Ghali) <ref>https://quran.com/9/5</ref>. Literally, al-mushrikeen are people who commit "shirk", that is "associating partners with Allah". Christians and Jews are also mushrikeen because Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god and Jews (according to Islam) believe that Ezra is the son of god and "they took their rabbis as lords besides Allah" (verses 9:30-31) <ref>https://islamqa.info/en/67626</ref>. The words "mushrikeen" and "kaafireen" (infidels) are used interchangeably in this sura.<ref> | ||
The verse 9:1 says "mushrikeen" (الْمُشْرِكِينَ). The verse 9:2 calls them "kaafireen" (الْكَافِرِينَ). It's the last word of both verses. https://quran.com/9/ | The verse 9:1 says "mushrikeen" (الْمُشْرِكِينَ). The verse 9:2 calls them "kaafireen" (الْكَافِرِينَ). It's the last word of both verses. https://quran.com/9/ | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
===Hadith=== | ===Hadith=== |