Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Zakat and Sadaqah: Difference between revisions

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==Qur'an==

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|43}}|Establish worship, pay the poor-due, and bow your heads with those who bow (in worship).}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|219}}|... And they ask thee what they ought to spend. Say: that which is superfluous. Thus Allah maketh plain to you (His) revelations, that haply ye may reflect.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|2|254}}|O ye who believe! Spend out of (the bounties) We have provided for you, before the Day comes when no bargaining (Will avail), nor friendship nor intercession. Those who reject Faith they are the wrong-doers.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|5}}|But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and establish regular prayers and practise regular charity, then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|71}}|And the believers, men and women, are protecting friends one of another; they enjoin the right and forbid the wrong, and they establish worship and they pay the poor-due, and they obey Allah and His messenger. As for these, Allah will have mercy on them. Lo! Allah is Mighty, Wise.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|17|26|29}}|Give the kinsman his due, and the needy, and the wayfarer, and squander not (thy wealth) in wantonness. Lo! the squanderers were ever brothers of the devils, and the devil was ever an ingrate to his Lord. But if thou turn away from them, seeking mercy from thy Lord, for which thou hopest, then speak unto them a reasonable word. And let not thy hand be chained to thy neck nor open it with a complete opening, lest thou sit down rebuked, denuded.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|28|86}}|And thou hadst not expected that the Book would be sent to thee except as a Mercy from thy Lord: Therefore lend not thou support in any way to those who reject (Allah's Message).}}

==Hadith==

===Sahih Bukhari===

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|24|486}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "Whoever is made wealthy by Allah and does not pay the Zakat of his wealth, then on the Day of Resurrection his wealth will be made like a bald-headed poisonous male snake with two black spots over the eyes. The snake will encircle his neck and bite his cheeks and say, 'I am your wealth, I am your treasure.' " Then the Prophet recited the holy verses:-- 'Let not those who withhold . . .' (to the end of the verse). (3.180).}}

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|24|556}}|Narrated Sad (bin Abi Waqqas): Allah's Apostle distributed something (from the resources of Zakat) amongst a group of people while I was sitting amongst them, but he left a man whom I considered the best of the lot. So, I went up to Allah's Apostle and asked him secretly, "Why have you left that person? By Allah! I consider him a believer." The Prophet said, "Or merely a Muslim (Who surrender to Allah)." I remained quiet for a while but could not help repeating my question because of what I knew about him. I said, "O Allah's Apostle! Why have you left that person? By Allah! I consider him a believer. " The Prophet said, "Or merely a Muslim." I remained quiet for a while but could not help repeating my question because of what I knew about him. I said, "O Allah's Apostle! Why have you left that person? By Allah! I consider him a believer." The Prophet said, "Or merely a Muslim." Then '''Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) said, "I give to a person while another is dearer to me, for fear that he may be thrown in the Hell-fire on his face (by renegating from Islam)."'''}}

===Sahih Muslim===

{{Quote|{{Muslim|5|2313}}|Abdullah b. Zaid reported that '''when the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) conquered Hunain he distributed the booty, and he bestowed upon those whose hearts it was intended to win'''. It was conveyed to him (the Holy Prophet) that the Ansar cherished a desire that they should be given (that very portion) which the people (of Quraish) had got. Upon this the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) stood up and, after having praised Allah and lauded Him, addressed them thus: 0 people of Ansar, did I not find you erring and Allah guided you aright through me, and (in the state of) being destitute and Allah made you free from want through me, and in a state of disunity and Allah united you through me, and they (the Ansar) said: Allah and His Messenger are most benevolent. He (again) said: Why do you not answer me? They said: Allah and His Messenger are the most benevolent. He said, If you wish you should say so and so, and the event (should take) such and such course (and in this connection he made a mention) of so many things. 'Amr is under the impressionthat he has not been able to remember them. He (the Holy Prophet) further said: Don't you feel happy (over this state of affairs) that the people should go away with goats and camels, and you go to your places along with the Messenger of Allah? The Ansar are inner garments (more close to me) and (other) people are outer garments. Had there not been migration, I would have been a man from among the Ansar. If the people were to tread a valley or a narrow path, I would tread the valley (chosen) by the Ansar or narrow path (trodden) by them. And you would soon find after me preferences (over you in getting material benefits). So you should show patience till you meet me at the Haud (Kauthar).}}

===Al-Nasai===

{{Quote|{{cite web|url=https://sunnah.com/nasai/25/102 |title=Sunan al-Nasai |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20140819181248/http://sunnah.com/nasai/25/102 |deadurl=no}}|It was narrated that Khuraim bin Fatik said: "The Messenger of Allah said: 'Whoever spends in the cause of Allah, it will be recorded for him seven hundred fold.'"<ref>This means the reward will be 700-fold.</ref> (Sahih)}}

==Scholars==

{{Quote|1=[http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=1&ID=1527&CATE=5 <!-- Back up http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fqa.sunnipath.com%2Fissue_view.asp%3FHD%3D1%26ID%3D1527%26CATE%3D5&date=2011-10-02 -->Zakat Cannot Be Given To Non-Muslims]<BR>Shaykh Faraz Rabbani, SunniPath Q&A, July 3, 2005|2=There is '''scholarly consensus (ijma`) that zakat cannot be given to non-Muslims''', as mentioned by Ibn al-Mundhir, Kasani, Ibn Qudama, Buhuti, and others.

As for 'those whose hearts are to be inclined,'''' this category has been abrogated''' according to the Hanafi scholars. [Hidaya] There is difference of opinion regarding this point, however, among the schools of fiqh.}}

It is permissible to give regular charity – '''not obligatory''' charity (i.e., zakaah) to poor kaafirs, and to exhange gifts and with them and treat them well '''to soften their hearts towards Islam''', so long as they have not carried out any hostile actions against the Muslims, which would disallow that. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):  

There is one category of zakaah that may be given to the kuffaar, which is “'''to attract the hearts of those who have been inclined (towards Islam)'''” (cf. al-Tawbah 9:60). It is permissible to give zakaah funds to those kaafirs who hold positions of authority and influence among their people, if there is the hope that by giving them something they may become Muslims, then those who are under them may become Muslim too. And Allaah is the Source of strength.}}

{{Quote|1=[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.askimam.org/fatwa/fatwa.php?askid=e01c5dcc9256165fc5b55997b66a482e|2=2011-10-17}} Imam of our Masjid has given Fatwa that Zakat can be given to non muslims]<BR>Muhammed Zakariyya Desai, Ask Imam, Fatwa No. 15407, July 22, 2007|2=''Question:''

'''h8.24''' - '''It is not permissible to give zakat to a non-Muslim''', or to someone whom one is obliged to support (def: m12.1), such as a wife or family member.}}

{{Quote|Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Fiqh az-Zakat: A Comparative Study|The most honorable form of jihad nowadays is fighting for the liberation of Muslim land from the domination of unbelievers, regardless of their religion or ideology. The communist and the capitalist, the Westerner and the Easterner, Christian, Jew, pagan or unbeliever, all are aggressors when they attack and occupy Muslim land. Fighting in defence of the home of Islam is obligatory until the enemy is driven away and Muslims are liberated.<BR>. . .<BR>

'''h8.17''' - '''The seventh category is those fighting for Allah, meaning people engaged in Islamic military operations''' for whom no salary has been allotted in the army roster (O: but who are volunteers for jihad without remuneration). They are given enough to suffice them for the operation, even if affluent; of weapons, mounts, clothing, and expenses (O: for the duration of the journey, round trip, and the time they spend there, even if prolonged. Though nothing has been mentioned here of the expense involved in supporting such people's families during this period, it seems clear that they should also be given it).}}

Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq decreed the following about Zakat.

{{Quote|Wasa’il ul-Shia Vol. 6 page 18|“Doubtlessly, the Almighty Allah has necessitated a portion for the destitute in the wealth of the rich people. It is such an obligation that is praised if fulfilled by the affluent people. It is Zakat and one who pays it, his blood is Harām. (i.e. it is Harām to kill him). And those who pay it are called Muslims.<ref>Shi'ite scholars say this part is an implicit declaration that anyone who does not pay Zakat is a kafir.</ref>

...

One who does not pay Zakat even if it is equal to one carat, he is expelled from belief and dies as a Jew or a Christian.

Death penalty is permissible in Islam for two kinds of sinners. And no one will issue a decree regarding the two until the advent of the Qaem of the progeny of Mohammed. Then Imam Mahdi will issue decree on the basis of divine laws. One of the two is the adulterer who fornicated despite having a wife. He shall be stoned to death. The second is the one who does not pay Zakat. He shall be beheaded.

Monetary loss in desert or seas is only due to the non payment of Zakat. And when the Qaem of the progeny of Mohammed reappears he shall arrest and execute those who do not pay Zakat.}}

{{Hub4|Zakat|Zakat}}

[[Category:QHS]]