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| || Yazidis || Baghdad, Mosul, Diyarbakir, etc. || {{nameandflag|Iraq}}, {{nameandflag|Syria}}, {{nameandflag|Turkey}} || Ottoman Empire || 1500s to 1800s ||A large Yazidi community existed in Syria, but they declined due to persecution by the Ottoman Empire. Several expeditions were launched against the Yazidis by the Ottoman governors (Wāli) of Diyarbakir, Mosul and Baghdad. The aim of these attacks was forced conversion of Yazidis to Sunni Hanafi Islam.<ref>Commins, David Dean. ''Historical Dictionary of Syria.'' Scarecrow Press. p. 282. ISBN 0-8108-4934-8.</ref><ref>Ghareeb, Edmund A. (2004). ''Historical Dictionary of Iraq''. Scarecrow Press. p. 248. ISBN 0-8108-4330-7.</ref><ref>Hastings, James (2003). Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Part 18. Kessinger. p. 769. ISBN 0-7661-3695-7.</ref> | | || Yazidis || Baghdad, Mosul, Diyarbakir, etc. || {{nameandflag|Iraq}}, {{nameandflag|Syria}}, {{nameandflag|Turkey}} || Ottoman Empire || 1500s to 1800s ||A large Yazidi community existed in Syria, but they declined due to persecution by the Ottoman Empire. Several expeditions were launched against the Yazidis by the Ottoman governors (Wāli) of Diyarbakir, Mosul and Baghdad. The aim of these attacks was forced conversion of Yazidis to Sunni Hanafi Islam.<ref>Commins, David Dean. ''Historical Dictionary of Syria.'' Scarecrow Press. p. 282. ISBN 0-8108-4934-8.</ref><ref>Ghareeb, Edmund A. (2004). ''Historical Dictionary of Iraq''. Scarecrow Press. p. 248. ISBN 0-8108-4330-7.</ref><ref>Hastings, James (2003). Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Part 18. Kessinger. p. 769. ISBN 0-7661-3695-7.</ref> | ||
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| || Alevis || Anatolia || {{nameandflag|Turkey}} || || 1514 ||sultan Selim, nicknamed "Selim the Grim", conducted a massacre of Alevis in 1514. The death toll is said to be 40,000.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=az2LBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA195&lpg=PA195&dq=Selim+the+Grim+massacres+40,000+Anatolian+Shi%27ites&source=bl&ots=2OQitRL8m6&sig=wWPSTMCwAPI1c5_5mOcYYAS1Ruk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjr3fyt9qzVAhUDrJQKHahrDtcQ6AEIOjAF#v=onepage&q=Selim%20the%20Grim%20massacres%2040%2C000%20Anatolian%20Shi'ites&f=false |title=Routledge International Handbook of Diversity Studies |publisher=Routledge |chapter=PART II Historical geographies of diversity | |||
|author=Steven Vertovec |date=20-Nov-2014 | page=195 |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref> | |||
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