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List of Abrogations in the Qur'an: Difference between revisions
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Throughout its history Islamic theology has suffered disagreement about the scope and definition of [[Abrogation|abrogation]] (Arabic: Naskh) of Qur'anic verses. Opinions on the number of abrogated verses have ranged from zero or five verses to hundreds. On this page we present lists according to two of the most important scholarly opinions: those of Al-Suyuti (d.1505 CE) and Ibn Salama (d. 1019 CE). | |||
<center>''The verses on the left are the [[Abrogation|abrogated]] verses (Mansūkh) of the [[Qur'an]], while the verses on the right are the abrogating verses (Nāsikh).<BR><BR>The "Verse of the Sword" refers to Quran 9:5, | Dr David Powers notes the following regarding the highs and lows of abrogation in the Qur'an. | ||
{{Quote|1=Dr David Powers<ref>Powers, D.S, "The Exergetical Genre nasikh al-Qur'an", pp.122-126 in Rippen, A (ed.), "Approaches to the History of the Interpretation of the Qur'an", Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1988</ref>|2=The number of verses that are considered to have been abrogated increased dramatically between the eighth and eleventh centuries (al-Zuhri mentions 42 abrogated verses, al-Nahhas 138, and Ibn Salama, 238), at which point an upper limit seems to have been reached (Ibn ‘Ata’iqi identifies 231 abrogated verses, and al-Farsi, 248). | |||
... | |||
al-Suyuti (d. 911/1505) recognised only twenty instances of true abrogation and Shah Wali Allah (d 1762) reduced that number to five. | |||
Ibn al-’Ata’iqi, on the other hand, while citing 231 instances of abrogation, appendixes the phrase wa fihi nazar, indicating doubt or uncertainty to his discussion of twenty-six verses." | |||
... | |||
There was considerable disagreement over the scope and parameters of abrogation, especially with regard to a). the relationship between Qur'an and Sunnah, and b). which verses of the Qur'an, if any, are susceptible to abrogation. | |||
... | |||
There is also considerable disagreement over the scope of abrogation within the Qur’an itself. At one extreme, there were apparently certain people who argued that ‘the Qur’an does not contain either an abrogated or an abrogating verse’; these people, according to Ibn Salama, ‘have deviated from the truth and by virtue of their lying, have turned away from God’. | |||
At the other extreme were those scholars who maintained that any narrative, positive command, or prohibition in the Qur’an may be abrogated.}} | |||
The 20 abrogated verses listed by Al-Suyuti (d.1515 CE) in his Al-Itqān fi 'Ulum Al-Qur'an are as follows: | |||
{{Template:StartAbrogationTable|1}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|2|115}}|Unto Allah belong the East and the West, and whithersoever ye turn, there is Allah's Countenance. Lo! Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing.|{{Quran|2|144}}|We have seen the turning of thy face to heaven (for guidance, O Muhammad). And now verily We shall make thee turn (in prayer) toward a qiblah which is dear to thee. So turn thy face toward the Inviolable Place of Worship, and ye (O Muslims), wheresoever ye may be, turn your faces (when ye pray) toward it. Lo! Those who have received the Scripture know that (this revelation) is the Truth from their Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what they do.}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|2|180}}|It is prescribed for you, when death approacheth one of you, if he leave wealth, that he bequeath unto parents and near relatives in kindness. (This is) a duty for all those who ward off (evil).|{{Quran|4|7}}|Unto the men (of a family) belongeth a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, and unto the women a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, whether it be little or much - a legal share.}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|2|183}}||{{Quran|2|187}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|2|184}}||{{Quran|2|185}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|2|217}}||{{Quran|9|5}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|2|240}}||{{Quran|2|234}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|2|284}}||{{Quran|2|286}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|3|102}}||{{Quran|64|16}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|4|15}}||{{Quran|24|2}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|4|33}}||{{Quran|8|75}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|5|2}}||{{Quran|9|5}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|5|42}}||{{Quran|5|49}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|5|106}}||{{Quran|65|2}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|8|65}}||{{Quran|8|66}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|9|41}}||{{Quran|9|122}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|24|3}}||{{Quran|24|32}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|33|52}}||{{Quran|33|50}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|58|12}}||{{Quran|58|13}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|60|10}}||{{Quran|9|5}}|}} | |||
{{AbrogationVerse|{{Quran|73|2}}||{{Quran|73|20}}|}} | |||
{{Template:EndAbrogationTable}} | |||
{{pagetop}} | |||
The 238 verses listed by Abu al-Qasim Hibat Allah ibn Salamah (d. 1019 CE) are given in the table below: | |||
<center>''The verses on the left are the [[Abrogation|abrogated]] verses (Mansūkh) of the [[Qur'an]], while the verses on the right are the abrogating verses (Nāsikh).<BR><BR>The "Verse of the Sword" refers to Quran 9:5, which according to some scholars abrogated a large number of more peaceful verses. Due to how many verses it abrogates (124 according to Ibn Salama),<ref>Powers, D.S. Ibid. p.130</ref><ref>An-Nasikh -wal- Mansukh, by Ibn Khuzyamh states 113 verses are abrogated by the Sword verse (9: 5), and 9 verses are abrogated by the Fighting verse (9: 29): "Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day."</ref><ref>"''"Ibn `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah said, "I have been commanded to fight the people until they testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establish the prayer and pay the Zakah." This honorable Ayah (9:5) was called the Ayah of the Sword, about which Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim said, "It abrogated every agreement of peace between the Prophet and any idolator, every treaty, and every term." Al-`Awfi said that Ibn `Abbas commented: "No idolator had any more treaty or promise of safety ever since Surah Bara'ah was revealed.''" - [http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=9&tAyahNo=5&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 This is the Ayah of the Sword], Tafsir al-Jalalayn</ref> we will write "Verse of the Sword" in place of this verse:''</center> | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran-wi|9|5}}|But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and establish regular prayers and practise regular charity, then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.}} | {{Quote|{{Quran-wi|9|5}}|But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and establish regular prayers and practise regular charity, then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.}} | ||