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Al-Fatiha: Difference between revisions
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{{QualityScore|Lead=1|Structure=2|Content=2|Language=3|References=2}} | {{QualityScore|Lead=1|Structure=2|Content=2|Language=3|References=2}} | ||
== Arabic Text == | ==Arabic Text== | ||
'''1:1''' <font size="3">بِسْمِ اللّهِ الرَّحْمـَنِ الرَّحِيمِ</font> | '''1:1''' <font size="3">بِسْمِ اللّهِ الرَّحْمـَنِ الرَّحِيمِ</font> | ||
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'''1:7''' <font size="3">صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنعَمتَ عَلَيهِمْ غَيرِ المَغضُوبِ عَلَيهِمْ وَلاَ الضَّالِّينَ</font> | '''1:7''' <font size="3">صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنعَمتَ عَلَيهِمْ غَيرِ المَغضُوبِ عَلَيهِمْ وَلاَ الضَّالِّينَ</font> | ||
== Transliteration == | ==Transliteration== | ||
'''1:1''' ''Bi-smi-llāhi -r-raḥmāni -r-raḥīm(i)'' | '''1:1''' ''Bi-smi-llāhi -r-raḥmāni -r-raḥīm(i)'' | ||
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'''1:7''' ''Ṣirāṭa -l-laḏīna 'an`amta `alayhim ġayri-l-maġḍūbi `alayhim wa-lā -ḍ-ḍāllīn(a)''<ref>Arabic text and original transliteration are from [[w:Al-Fatiha|Al-Fatiha]], accessed September 5, 2008.</ref> | '''1:7''' ''Ṣirāṭa -l-laḏīna 'an`amta `alayhim ġayri-l-maġḍūbi `alayhim wa-lā -ḍ-ḍāllīn(a)''<ref>Arabic text and original transliteration are from [[w:Al-Fatiha|Al-Fatiha]], accessed September 5, 2008.</ref> | ||
== Word-for-Word Translation == | ==Word-for-Word Translation== | ||
'''1:1''' In-name-GEN-of Allah-GEN-of the-merciful-GEN the-compassionate-(GEN) | '''1:1''' In-name-GEN-of Allah-GEN-of the-merciful-GEN the-compassionate-(GEN) | ||
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'''1:7''' Path-ACC-of the-<those who>-2M.PL favor-PERF-2M.S upon-OBJ-2M.PL <other than>-GEN anger-PART-PASS-S-GEN upon-OBJ-2M.PL and-not the-<gone astray>-PL-OBL | '''1:7''' Path-ACC-of the-<those who>-2M.PL favor-PERF-2M.S upon-OBJ-2M.PL <other than>-GEN anger-PART-PASS-S-GEN upon-OBJ-2M.PL and-not the-<gone astray>-PL-OBL | ||
== English Translation == | ==English Translation== | ||
'''1:1''' In the name of [[Allah]], the merciful and compassionate | '''1:1''' In the name of [[Allah]], the merciful and compassionate | ||
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'''1:7''' Path of those whom you favor, not those who anger you and not those who have gone astray | '''1:7''' Path of those whom you favor, not those who anger you and not those who have gone astray | ||
== Translation notes == | ==Translation notes== | ||
'''1:1''' In <font size="3">بِسْمِ اللّهِ</font>, "In the name of Allah", the [[w:basmala | basmala]], the word "the" is implied. This would read well as "By the name of Allah". | '''1:1''' In <font size="3">بِسْمِ اللّهِ</font>, "In the name of Allah", the [[w:basmala | basmala]], the word "the" is implied. This would read well as "By the name of Allah". | ||
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'''1:5''' Already we have an ambiguity in the Qur'an. The words إِيَّاك ('īyāka) and وإِيَّاكَ (wa'īyāka) have no clear translation and no fewer than three variants. Arthur Jeffrey located several Qur'ans with different readings and one without any version of this sura.<ref>Jeffrey, Author, "[http://www.answering-islam.org/Books/Jeffery/fatiha.htm A Variant Text of the Fatiha]"'', The Muslim World'', Volume 29 (1939), pp. 158-162.</ref> One of the variants is the pair حِيَّاك (ḥīyāka) and وإِيَّاكَ (wīyāaka). "[These] seem all to be independent attempts to interpret the unvoweled, unpointed skeleton term ([[w:rasm |rasm]]) that stood in the original codex." (Jeffrey) The most likely translation is a 2nd person masculine singular emphatic accusative (emphatic object). | '''1:5''' Already we have an ambiguity in the Qur'an. The words إِيَّاك ('īyāka) and وإِيَّاكَ (wa'īyāka) have no clear translation and no fewer than three variants. Arthur Jeffrey located several Qur'ans with different readings and one without any version of this sura.<ref>Jeffrey, Author, "[http://www.answering-islam.org/Books/Jeffery/fatiha.htm A Variant Text of the Fatiha]"'', The Muslim World'', Volume 29 (1939), pp. 158-162.</ref> One of the variants is the pair حِيَّاك (ḥīyāka) and وإِيَّاكَ (wīyāaka). "[These] seem all to be independent attempts to interpret the unvoweled, unpointed skeleton term ([[w:rasm |rasm]]) that stood in the original codex." (Jeffrey) The most likely translation is a 2nd person masculine singular emphatic accusative (emphatic object). | ||
== Variant Texts == | ==Variant Texts== | ||
As mentioned in '''Translation Notes, 1:5''', Arthur Jeffrey identified several variant texts of this sura. Each has a very different wording, but all express similar sentiments. | As mentioned in '''Translation Notes, 1:5''', Arthur Jeffrey identified several variant texts of this sura. Each has a very different wording, but all express similar sentiments. | ||
== Commentary == | ==Commentary== | ||
===In relation to positioning within the Qur'an=== | ===In relation to positioning within the Qur'an=== | ||
Several lines of evidence converge to show that this was a prayer prepended to the Qur'an, perhaps to be said before reading it. This prayer was composed orally before the | Several lines of evidence converge to show that this was a prayer prepended to the Qur'an, perhaps to be said before reading it. This prayer was composed orally before the printing of the Qur'an, and changed over time. This prayer may not have been included in the recension that produced the current longest-to-shortest ordering of the suras. When the Qur'an was printed the exact pronunciation had likely been forgotten, which would explain the ambiguity of 1:5. | ||
The lines of evidence to support this hypothesis are: | The lines of evidence to support this hypothesis are: | ||
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==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[The Origins of the Quran|The Origins of the Qur'an]] | |||
* [[Organization of the Quran|Organization of the Qur'an]] | *[[The Origins of the Quran|The Origins of the Qur'an]] | ||
*[[Organization of the Quran|Organization of the Qur'an]] | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iti-dplakf4 The Greatest Recitation of Surat Al-Fatiha - Fahd Al Kanderi] ''- Youtube video by Muslim'' | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iti-dplakf4 The Greatest Recitation of Surat Al-Fatiha - Fahd Al Kanderi] ''- Youtube video by Muslim'' | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||