List of Muhammads Wives and Concubines: Difference between revisions

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List of Muhammads Wives and Concubines (view source)

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According to Anas ibn Malik, the Prophet [[Muhammad]] used to visit all eleven of his [[Muhammad's Wives|wives]] in one night; but he could manage this, as he had the [[Sex|sexual]] prowess of thirty men.<ref>{{Bukhari|1|5|268}}. See also {{Bukhari|7|62|142}}.</ref> The historian Al-[[Tabari]] calculated that Muhammad [[Marriage|married]] a total of fifteen [[Islam and Women|women]], though only ever eleven at one time; and two of these marriages were never consummated.<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 126-127}}.</ref> This tally of fifteen does not include at least four concubines. According to Merriam-Webster, a concubine is “a woman with whom a man cohabits without being married”,  and has a “social status in a household below that of a wife.”<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/concubine|2=2011-09-28}} Concubine] – Merriam-Webster, accessed September 28, 2011</ref> All of Muhammad’s concubines were his [[Slavery|slaves]]. Al-Tabari also excludes from the fifteen several other women with whom Muhammad had some kind of marriage contract but who, due to legal technicalities, never became full wives. It is fairly certain, however, that none of these unions was ever consummated. They were the cultural equivalent of a broken engagement. Finally, there were several other women whom Muhammad wished to marry, or whom he was invited to marry, but for various reasons he did not.
According to Anas ibn Malik, the Prophet [[Muhammad]] used to visit all eleven of his [[Muhammad's Wives|wives]] in one night; but he could manage this, as he had the [[Sex|sexual]] prowess of thirty men.<ref>{{Bukhari|1|5|268}}. See also {{Bukhari|7|62|142}}.</ref> The historian Al-[[Tabari]] calculated that Muhammad [[Marriage|married]] a total of fifteen [[Islam and Women|women]], though only ever eleven at one time; and two of these marriages were never consummated.<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 126-127}}.</ref> This tally of fifteen does not include at least four concubines. According to Merriam-Webster, a concubine is “a woman with whom a man cohabits without being married”,  and has a “social status in a household below that of a wife.”<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/concubine|2=2011-09-28}} Concubine] – Merriam-Webster, accessed September 28, 2011</ref> All of Muhammad’s concubines were his [[Slavery|slaves]]. Al-Tabari also excludes from the fifteen several other women with whom Muhammad had some kind of marriage contract but who, due to legal technicalities, never became full wives. It is fairly certain, however, that none of these legally-stifled unions was ever consummated. They were the cultural equivalent of a broken engagement. Finally, there were several other women whom Muhammad wished to marry, or whom he was invited to marry, but for various reasons he did not.


==Lists==
==Lists==
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! width ="10" | No.
! width="10" |No.
! width ="280" | Name
! width="280" |Name
! width ="65" | Status
! width="65" |Status
! width ="65" | Date
! width="65" |Date
! width ="330" | Details
! width="330" |Details
! width ="130" | Notable Early Sources
! width="130" |Notable Early Sources


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 1
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |1
|[[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid]]
|[[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid]]
|Married
|Married
Line 29: Line 29:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 2
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |2
|Sawda bint Zam'a
|Sawda bint Zam'a
|Married, though with limited rights.
|Married, though with limited rights.
|May 620.
|May 620.
|She was a tanner who had been an early convert to Islam. Muhammad married her at a time when he was unpopular and bankrupt. He considered divorcing her when, as the oldest and plainest of his wives (described as "fat and very slow"), she no longer attracted him, but she persuaded him to keep her in the house in exchange for never sleeping with her again (she gave up her turn to Aisha).  
|She was a tanner who had been an early convert to Islam. Muhammad married her at a time when he was unpopular and bankrupt. He considered divorcing her when, as the oldest and plainest of his wives (described as "fat and very slow"), she no longer attracted him, but she persuaded him to keep her in the house in exchange for never sleeping with her again (she gave up her turn to Aisha).
|  
|
*Bukhari<ref>{{Bukhari|2|26|740}}.</ref>
*Bukhari<ref>{{Bukhari|2|26|740}}.</ref>
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 148, 309, 530.</ref>
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 148, 309, 530.</ref>
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|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 3
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |3
|Aisha bint Abi Bakr
|Aisha bint Abi Bakr
|Married
|Married
|Contracted May 620 but first consummated in April or May 623.
|Contracted May 620 but first consummated in April or May 623.
|She was the daughter of Muhammad's best friend and head evangelist Abu Bakr. Muhammad selected the six-year-old Aisha in preference to her teenaged sister, and she remained his favourite wife. She contributed a major body of information to Islamic law and history. The paedophilic aspect of this relationship has institutionalised such marriages within Islam.
|She was the daughter of Muhammad's best friend and head evangelist Abu Bakr. Muhammad selected the six-year-old Aisha in preference to her teenaged sister, and she remained his favourite wife. She contributed a major body of information to Islamic law and history. The paedophilic aspect of this relationship has institutionalised such marriages within Islam.
|  
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 116, 223, 279-280, 311, 457, 464-465, 468, 493-499, 522, 535-536, 544, 649-650, 667, 678-688.</ref>
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 116, 223, 279-280, 311, 457, 464-465, 468, 493-499, 522, 535-536, 544, 649-650, 667, 678-688.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
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|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 4
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |4
|Hafsa bint Umar
|Hafsa bint Umar
|Married
|Married
|January or February 625.
|January or February 625.
|She was the daughter of Muhammad's wealthy friend Umar. Hafsa was the custodian of the autograph-text of the Qur'an, which was actually somewhat different from the standard Qur'an of today.  
|She was the daughter of Muhammad's wealthy friend Umar. Hafsa was the custodian of the autograph-text of the Qur'an, which was [[Corruption of Qur'an|somewhat different]] from the standard Qur'an of today.
|  
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 218, 301, 679.</ref>
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 218, 301, 679.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
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|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 5
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |5
|Zaynab bint Khuzayma
|Zaynab bint Khuzayma
|Married
|Married
|February or March 625.  
|February or March 625.
|She was a middle-class widow known as "Mother of the Poor" because of her commitment to charity work. She died in October 625.  
|She was a middle-class widow known as "Mother of the Poor" because of her commitment to charity work. She died in October 625.
|  
|
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 138}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 63-64}}.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 138}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 63-64}}.</ref>
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|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 6
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |6
|Hind (Umm Salama) bint Abi Umayya
|Hind (Umm Salama) bint Abi Umayya
|Married
|Married
|April 626.
|April 626.
|An attractive widow with four young children, Hind had been rejected by her aristocratic family in Mecca because they were so hostile to Islam. Her tact and practical wisdom sometimes mitigated Muhammad's cruelties. She was a notable teacher of Islamic law and a partisan of Ali.
|An attractive widow with four young children, Hind had been rejected by her aristocratic family in Mecca because they were so hostile to Islam. Her tact and practical wisdom sometimes mitigated Muhammad's cruelties. She was a notable teacher of Islamic law and a partisan of Ali.
|  
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 146, 147, 150-153, 167-169, 213-214, 462, 529, 536, 546, 589, 680.</ref>
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 146, 147, 150-153, 167-169, 213-214, 462, 529, 536, 546, 589, 680.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
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|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 7
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |7
|Zaynab bint Jahsh
|Zaynab bint Jahsh
|Married
|Married
|March 627.
|March 627.
|An early convert to Islam, Zaynab was the wife of Muhammad's adopted son Zayd ibn Harithah. She was also the Prophet's biological cousin. When Muhammad became infatuated with Zaynab, Zayd was pressured into a divorce. To justify marrying her, Muhammad announced new revelations that (1) an adopted son did not count as a real son, so Zaynab was not his daughter-in-law, and (2) as a prophet, he was allowed more than the standard four wives. Zaynab excelled at leather-crafts.  
|An early convert to Islam, Zaynab was the wife of Muhammad's adopted son Zayd ibn Harithah. She was also the Prophet's biological cousin. When Muhammad became infatuated with Zaynab, Zayd was pressured into a divorce. To justify marrying her, Muhammad announced new revelations that (1) an adopted son did not count as a real son, so Zaynab was not his daughter-in-law, and (2) as a prophet, he was allowed more than the standard four wives. Zaynab excelled at leather-crafts.
|  
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 215, 495.</ref>
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 215, 495.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
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|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 8
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |8
|Rayhana bint Zayd ibn Amr
|Rayhana bint Zayd ibn Amr
|Sexual slavery
|Sexual slavery
|May 627.
|May 627.
|Her first husband was one of the 600-900 Qurayza men whom Muhammad beheaded in April 627. He enslaved all the women and selected Rayhana for himself because she was the most beautiful. When she refused to marry him, he kept her as a concubine instead. She died shortly before Muhammad in 632.  
|Her first husband was one of the 600-900 Qurayza men whom Muhammad beheaded in April 627. He enslaved all the women and selected Rayhana for himself because she was the most beautiful. When she refused to marry him, he kept her as a concubine instead. She died shortly before Muhammad in 632.
|
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 466.</ref>
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 466.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 137, 141}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 164-165}}.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 137, 141}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 164-165}}.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:92-94, 153.</ref>  
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:92-94, 153.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 9
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |9
|Juwayriyah bint Al-Harith
|Juwayriyah bint Al-Harith
|Married
|Married
|January 628.
|January 628.
|The daughter of an Arab chief, she was taken prisoner when Muhammad attacked her tribe. Muhammad did not make a habit of marrying his war-captives, but Aisha claimed that Juwayriyah was so beautiful that men always fell in love with her at first sight.  
|The daughter of an Arab chief, she was taken prisoner when Muhammad attacked her tribe. Muhammad did not make a habit of marrying his war-captives, but Aisha claimed that Juwayriyah was so beautiful that men always fell in love with her at first sight.
|
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 490-493.</ref>
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 490-493.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 133}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 182-184}}.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 133}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 182-184}}.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:83-85, 152.</ref>  
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:83-85, 152.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 10
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |10
|Ramlah (Umm Habiba) bint Abi Sufyan
|Ramlah (Umm Habiba) bint Abi Sufyan
|Married
|Married
Line 133: Line 133:
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 133-134}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 177-180}}.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 133-134}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 177-180}}.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:68-71, 153.</ref>  
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:68-71, 153.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 11
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |11
|[[Safiyah|Safiyah bint Huyayy]]
|[[Safiyah|Safiyah bint Huyayy]]
|Married
|Married
|July 628.  
|July 628.
|She was the beautiful daughter of a Jewish chief, Huyayy ibn Akhtab. Muhammad married her on the day he defeated the last Jewish tribe in Arabia, only hours after he had supervised the slaying of Kinana her second husband. His earlier victims had included her father, brother, first husband, three uncles and several cousins. This marriage was of no benefit to Safiyah's defeated tribe, who were banished from Arabia a few years later; its real political significance was that Safiyah's presence in Muhammad's household was an open demonstration that he had defeated the Jews.
|She was the beautiful daughter of a Jewish chief, Huyayy ibn Akhtab. Muhammad married her on the day he defeated the last Jewish tribe in Arabia, only hours after he had supervised the slaying of Kinana her second husband. His earlier victims had included her father, brother, first husband, three uncles and several cousins. This marriage was of no benefit to Safiyah's defeated tribe, who were banished from Arabia a few years later; though some consider that it was politically significant in that Safiyah's presence in Muhammad's household was an open demonstration that he had defeated the Jews.
|
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 241-242, 511, 514-515, 516-517, 520.</ref>
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 241-242, 511, 514-515, 516-517, 520.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 134-135}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 184-185}}.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 134-135}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 184-185}}.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:85-92, 153.</ref>  
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:85-92, 153.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 12
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |12
|Maymunah bint Al-Harith
|Maymunah bint Al-Harith
|Married
|Married
|February 629.  
|February 629.
|She was a middle-class widow from Mecca who proposed marriage to Muhammad. A placid woman who kept a very tidy house, Maymunah was completely obsessed with rules and rituals.
|She was a middle-class widow from Mecca who proposed marriage to Muhammad. A placid woman who kept a very tidy house, Maymunah was one known to be obsessed with rules and rituals.
|
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 531, 679-680.</ref>
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 531, 679-680.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 135}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 185-186}}.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 135}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 185-186}}.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:94-99, 153.</ref>  
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:94-99, 153.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 13
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |13
|[[Mariyah the Sex Slave of the Holy Prophet|Mariyah bint Shamoon al-Quptiya]]
|[[Mariyah the Sex Slave of the Holy Prophet|Mariyah bint Shamoon al-Quptiya]]
|Sexual slavery
|Sexual slavery
|c. June 629.  
|c. June 629.
|She was one of several slaves whom the Governor of Egypt sent as a present to Muhammad. He kept her as a concubine despite the objections of his official wives, who feared her beauty. Mariyah bore Muhammad a son, Ibrahim.  
|She was one of several slaves whom the Governor of Egypt sent as a present to Muhammad. He kept her as a concubine despite the objections of his official wives, who feared her beauty. Mariyah bore Muhammad a son, Ibrahim.
|  
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 653.</ref>
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 653.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 137, 141}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 193-195}}.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 137, 141}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 193-195}}.</ref>
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|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 14
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |14
|Mulayka bint Kaab
|Mulayka bint Kaab
|Divorced
|Divorced
|January 630.  
|January 630.
|Her family resisted the Muslim invasion of Mecca. Needing to appease the conqueror, they gave him the beautiful Mulayka as a bride. When she realised that Muhammad's army had killed her father, she demanded a divorce, which he granted her. She died a few weeks later.
|Her family resisted the Muslim invasion of Mecca. Needing to appease the conqueror, they gave him the beautiful Mulayka as a bride. When she realised that Muhammad's army had killed her father, she demanded a divorce, which he granted her. She died a few weeks later.
|
|
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|39|p. 165}}.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|39|p. 165}}.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:106, 154.</ref>  
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:106, 154.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 15
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |15
|Fatima ''al-Aliya'' bint Zabyan ''al-Dahhak''
|Fatima ''al-Aliya'' bint Zabyan ''al-Dahhak''
|Divorced
|Divorced
|February or March 630.  
|February or March 630.
|She was the daughter of a minor chief who had converted to Islam. Muhammad divorced her after only a few weeks "because she peeked at men in the mosque courtyard." Fatima had to work for the rest of her life as a dung-collector, and she outlived all Muhammad's widows.
|She was the daughter of a minor chief who had converted to Islam. Muhammad divorced her after only a few weeks "because she peeked at men in the mosque courtyard." Fatima had to work for the rest of her life as a dung-collector, and she outlived all Muhammad's widows.
|
|
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 138}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 186-188}}. Despite the confusion over the name, she is probably also the woman referred to in {{Tabari|9|pp. 136-137}} and the “Fatima bint Shurayh” of {{Tabari|9|p. 139}}</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 138}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 186-188}}. Despite the confusion over the name, she is probably also the woman referred to in {{Tabari|9|pp. 136-137}} and the “Fatima bint Shurayh” of {{Tabari|9|p. 139}}</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:100-101, 153.</ref>  
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:100-101, 153.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 16
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |16
|Asma bint Al-Numan
|Asma bint Al-Numan
|Divorced
|Divorced
|June or July 630.  
|June or July 630.
|She was a princess from Yemen whose family hoped the marriage alliance would ward off a military invasion from Medina. But Muhammad divorced her before consummation after Aisha tricked her into reciting the divorce formula. Asma later married a brother of Umm Salama.
|She was a princess from Yemen whose family hoped the marriage alliance would ward off a military invasion from Medina. But Muhammad divorced her before consummation after Aisha tricked her into reciting the divorce formula. Asma later married a brother of Umm Salama.
|
|
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918 (here he has apparently confused her with Amra bint Yazid).</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918 (here he has apparently confused her with Amra bint Yazid).</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|39|pp. 188-191}}. She is mentioned in {{Tabari|9|pp. 128-130}} but has apparently been partly confused with Amra bint Yazid.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|39|pp. 188-191}}. She is mentioned in {{Tabari|9|pp. 128-130}} but has apparently been partly confused with Amra bint Yazid.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:101-105, 153.</ref>  
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:101-105, 153.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 17
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |17
|''Al-Jariya''
|''Al-Jariya''
|Sexual slavery
|Sexual slavery
|After 627.  
|After 627.
|She was a domestic slave belonging to Zaynab bint Jahsh, who made Muhammad a present of her. She seems to have been an "unofficial" concubine who did not have a regular turn on his roster.
|She was a domestic slave belonging to Zaynab bint Jahsh, who made Muhammad a present of her. She seems to have been an "unofficial" concubine who did not have a regular turn on his roster.
|
|
*Ibn al-Qayyim<ref>Ibn al-Qayyim, ''Za’d al-Ma’ad'' 1:114.</ref>  
*Ibn al-Qayyim<ref>Ibn al-Qayyim, ''Za’d al-Ma’ad'' 1:114.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 18
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |18
|Amra bint Yazid
|Amra bint Yazid
|Divorced
|Divorced
|c. 631.
|c. 631.
|She was a Bedouin of no political importance. Muhammad divorced her before consummation when he saw she had symptoms of leprosy.  
|She was a Bedouin of no political importance. Muhammad divorced her before consummation when he saw she had symptoms of leprosy.
|  
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Ibn Ishaq, cited in Guillaume, A. (1960). ''New Light on the Life of Muhammad'', p. 55. Manchester: Manchester University Press</ref>
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Ibn Ishaq, cited in Guillaume, A. (1960). ''New Light on the Life of Muhammad'', p. 55. Manchester: Manchester University Press</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918 (here he has apparently confused her with Asma bint Al-Numan).</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918 (here he has apparently confused her with Asma bint Al-Numan).</ref>
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|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 19
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |19
|Tukana al-Quraziya
|Tukana al-Quraziya
|Sexual slavery
|Sexual slavery
|Unknown, but probably in the last months of Muhammad's life.
|Unknown, but probably in the last months of Muhammad's life.
|She was a member of the defeated Qurayza tribe whom Muhammad selected as one of his personal slaves. She appears to have been another "unofficial" concubine without a regular turn on the roster. After Muhammad's death, she married Abbas.  
|She was a member of the defeated Qurayza tribe whom Muhammad selected as one of his personal slaves. She appears to have been another "unofficial" concubine without a regular turn on the roster. After Muhammad's death, she married Abbas.
|  
|
*Majlisi<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/hayat-al-qulub-vol2-allamah-muhammad-baqir-al-majlisi/54.htm/ Majlisi, ''Hayat al-Qulub'' 2:52].</ref>
*Majlisi<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/hayat-al-qulub-vol2-allamah-muhammad-baqir-al-majlisi/54.htm/ Majlisi, ''Hayat al-Qulub'' 2:52].</ref>
*Ibn al-Qayyim.<ref>Ibn al-Qayyim, ''Zaad al-Ma’ad'' 1:114.</ref>
*Ibn al-Qayyim.<ref>Ibn al-Qayyim, ''Zaad al-Ma’ad'' 1:114.</ref>
Line 236: Line 236:


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! width ="10" | No.
! width="10" |No.
! width ="280" | Name
! width="280" |Name
! width ="130" | Date
! width="130" |Date
! width ="330" | Details
! width="330" |Details
! width ="130" | Notable early sources
! width="130" |Notable early sources


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 1
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |1
|Ghaziya (Umm Sharik) bint Jabir
|Ghaziya (Umm Sharik) bint Jabir
|Early 627.
|Early 627.
Line 250: Line 250:
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 139}}.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 139}}.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:111-114.</ref>  
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:111-114.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 2
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |2
|Khawla bint Hudhayl
|Khawla bint Hudhayl
|Probably mid- or late-627.  
|Probably mid- or late-627.
|She was a princess from the powerful Christian Taghlib tribe in northern Arabia. Her uncle arranged the marriage, which was expected to be politically advantageous on both sides. Muhammad signed the contract, but Khawla died on her journey to Medina, before they met in person.
|She was a princess from the powerful Christian Taghlib tribe in northern Arabia. Her uncle arranged the marriage, which was expected to be politically advantageous on both sides. Muhammad signed the contract, but Khawla died on her journey to Medina, before they met in person.
|
|
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 139}}; {{Tabari|39|p. 166}}</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 139}}; {{Tabari|39|p. 166}}</ref>
Line 262: Line 262:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 3
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |3
|Sharaf bint Khalifa
|Sharaf bint Khalifa
|Probably mid- or late-627.  
|Probably mid- or late-627.
|She was an aunt of Khawla bint Hudhayl (above). After Khawla's death, the family tried to substitute Sharaf. In one tradition, Sharaf also died before consummation. In another tradition, Muhammad changed his mind and broke off the contract.
|She was an aunt of Khawla bint Hudhayl (above). After Khawla's death, the family tried to substitute Sharaf. In one tradition, Sharaf also died before consummation. In another tradition, Muhammad changed his mind and broke off the contract.
|
|
Line 271: Line 271:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 4
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |4
|Layla bint al-Khutaym
|Layla bint al-Khutaym
|After 627.
|After 627.
Line 280: Line 280:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 5
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |5
|Umm Habib bint Al-Abbas
|Umm Habib bint Al-Abbas
|After March 630.
|After March 630.
Line 287: Line 287:
*Ibn Ishaq.<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 311.</ref>
*Ibn Ishaq.<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 311.</ref>
*Al-Tabari.<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 140}}.</ref>
*Al-Tabari.<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 140}}.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd.<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:36.</ref>  
*Ibn Sa'd.<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:36.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 6
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |6
|Sana ''al-Nashat'' bint Rifaa (Asma) ibn As-Salt
|Sana ''al-Nashat'' bint Rifaa (Asma) ibn As-Salt
|c. April 630.  
|c. April 630.
|She was the daughter of a Muslim warrior who hoped to advance his career by becoming Muhammad's father-in-law. Muhammad signed the contract, but Sana died before the marriage could be consummated.  
|She was the daughter of a Muslim warrior who hoped to advance his career by becoming Muhammad's father-in-law. Muhammad signed the contract, but Sana died before the marriage could be consummated.
|
|
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 135-136}}; {{Tabari|39|p. 166}}.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 135-136}}; {{Tabari|39|p. 166}}.</ref>
Line 299: Line 299:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 7
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |7
|Umra bint Rifaa
|Umra bint Rifaa
|c. May 630.
|c. May 630.
Line 307: Line 307:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 8
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |8
|Bint Jundub ibn Damra of Janda’a
|Bint Jundub ibn Damra of Janda’a
|Unknown.
|Unknown.
|Nothing is known about this woman except that Muhammad contracted marriage with her but divorced her before consummation.  
|Nothing is known about this woman except that Muhammad contracted marriage with her but divorced her before consummation.
|
|
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:106.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:106.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 9
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |9
|Jamra bint Al-Harith
|Jamra bint Al-Harith
|c. 631  
|c. 631
|She proposed marriage to Muhammad, and he accepted. Her father informed him that she suffered from a serious disease, whereupon Muhammad broke off the engagement. According to the Muslim chroniclers, her father arrived home only to find that she really had been afflicted with leprosy.
|She proposed marriage to Muhammad, and he accepted. Her father informed him that she suffered from a serious disease, whereupon Muhammad broke off the engagement. According to the Muslim chroniclers, her father arrived home only to find that she really had been afflicted with leprosy.
|  
|
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 140-141}}</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 140-141}}</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 10
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |10
|Al-Shanba’ bint Amr
|Al-Shanba’ bint Amr
|January 632.
|January 632.
Line 331: Line 331:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 11
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |11
|Qutayla (Habla) bint Qays
|Qutayla (Habla) bint Qays
|May 632.
|May 632.
Line 340: Line 340:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 12
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |12
|Mary, mother of Jesus
|Mary, mother of Jesus
|The Afterlife.
|The Afterlife.
Line 351: Line 351:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 13
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |13
|Queen Asiya of Egypt
|Queen Asiya of Egypt
|The Afterlife.
|The Afterlife.
Line 362: Line 362:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 14
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |14
|Kulthum bint Amram
|Kulthum bint Amram
|The Afterlife.  
|The Afterlife.
|Muhammad originally believed that Maryam the sister of Moses and Maryam the mother of Jesus were one and the same. When he realised his mistake, he apparently over-corrected by deciding that Moses' sister was not even named Maryam. He renamed her Kulthum ("Chubby Cheeks") and said that Allah had wedded her to him in Heaven. He did not say that she was a perfect woman or that she lived next to Khadijah.
|Muhammad originally believed that Maryam the sister of Moses and Maryam the mother of Jesus were one and the same. When he realised his mistake, he apparently over-corrected by deciding that Moses' sister was not even named Maryam. He renamed her Kulthum ("Chubby Cheeks") and said that Allah had wedded her to him in Heaven. He did not say that she was a perfect woman or that she lived next to Khadijah.
|
|
Line 376: Line 376:


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! width ="10" | No.
! width="10" |No.
! width ="280" | Name
! width="280" |Name
! width ="130" | Date
! width="130" |Date
! width ="330" | Details
! width="330" |Details
! width ="130" | Notable early sources
! width="130" |Notable early sources


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 1
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |1
|Fakhita (Umm Hani) bint Abi Talib
|Fakhita (Umm Hani) bint Abi Talib
|before 595;
|before 595;
Line 400: Line 400:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 2
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |2
|“As Many Wives as You Want”
|“As Many Wives as You Want”
|c.618-619.
|c.618-619.
|The chiefs of Mecca offered Muhammad "as many wives as you want in marriage," together with wealth, political power and the services of a competent exorcist, if only he would stop insulting their gods. Muhammad refused this offer, which was made while Khadijah was still alive.
|The chiefs of Mecca offered Muhammad "as many wives as you want in marriage," together with wealth, political power and the services of a competent exorcist, if only he would stop insulting their gods (by preaching monotheism). Muhammad refused this offer, which was made while Khadijah was still alive.
|
|
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|6|pp. 106-107}}.</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|6|pp. 106-107}}.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 3
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |3
|Habiba bint Sahl
|Habiba bint Sahl
|c. 623.
|c. 623.
|Habiba was a prominent member of the Najjar clan in Medina. When the chief died with no obvious heir, Muhammad proposed to Habiba. His companions warned him that the women of Medina were not used to polygamy and that the men were very jealous for the happiness of their daughters; if this marriage turned out badly, key citizens might withdraw their support from Islam. Muhammad retracted his proposal, but the Najjar clan made him their chief anyway.
|Habiba was a prominent member of the Najjar clan in Medina. When the chief died with no obvious heir, Muhammad proposed to Habiba. His companions warned him that the women of Medina were not used to polygamy and that the men were very jealous for the happiness of their daughters; if this marriage turned out badly, key citizens might withdraw their support from Islam. Muhammad retracted his proposal, but the Najjar clan made him their chief anyway.
|  
|
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 235.</ref>
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 235.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:288-289.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:288-289.</ref>
Line 419: Line 419:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 4
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |4
|''Al-Ansariya''
|''Al-Ansariya''
|After 625.
|After 625.
Line 426: Line 426:
In fact several ''ansar'' women are said to have proposed to Muhammad; while this example is anonymous, it clearly refers to a woman who is distinct from Layla bint Khutaym.
In fact several ''ansar'' women are said to have proposed to Muhammad; while this example is anonymous, it clearly refers to a woman who is distinct from Layla bint Khutaym.
|
|
*Majlisi<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/hayat-al-qulub-vol2-allamah-muhammad-baqir-al-majlisi/54.htm/ Majlisi, ''Hayat al-Qulub'' 2:52].</ref>  
*Majlisi<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/hayat-al-qulub-vol2-allamah-muhammad-baqir-al-majlisi/54.htm/ Majlisi, ''Hayat al-Qulub'' 2:52].</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 5
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |5
|Khawla bint Hakim
|Khawla bint Hakim
|After 627.
|After 627.
Line 440: Line 440:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 6
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |6
|Dubaa bint Amir
|Dubaa bint Amir
|After 627.  
|After 627.
|Dubaa was a wealthy noblewoman to whom Muhammad sent a marriage proposal when he heard about her beautiful long hair that filled a whole room when she sat down. But by the time she accepted him, he had been advised that she was “elderly” (her grown-up son had been born from her third marriage) so he retracted his proposal before he had even met her.
|Dubaa was a wealthy noblewoman to whom Muhammad sent a marriage proposal when he heard about her beautiful long hair that filled a whole room when she sat down. But by the time she accepted him, he had been advised that she was “elderly” (her grown-up son had been born from her third marriage) so he retracted his proposal before he had even met her.
|
|
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 140}}</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 140}}</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:111.</ref>  
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:111.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 7
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |7
|Izza bint Abi Sufyan
|Izza bint Abi Sufyan
|After July 628.  
|After July 628.
|She was the sister of Muhammad’s wife Ramlah. Ramlah proposed Izza as a bride, "since, as I cannot be your only wife, I would like to share my good fortune with my sister." But Muhammad said he could not marry two sisters concurrently.
|She was the sister of Muhammad’s wife Ramlah. Ramlah proposed Izza as a bride, "since, as I cannot be your only wife, I would like to share my good fortune with my sister." But Muhammad said he could not marry two sisters concurrently.
|
|
Line 457: Line 457:


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 8
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |8
|Durrah bint Abi Salama
|Durrah bint Abi Salama
|After July 628.
|After July 628.
|She was the daughter of Muhammad's wife Hind. Another wife, Ramlah, noticed that Muhammad admired Durrah and asked  if he intended to marry her. He replied that he could not marry his stepdaughter; and besides, her father had been his foster-brother. On the day Muhammad died, Durrah was only six years old.
|She was the daughter of Muhammad's wife Hind. Another wife, Ramlah, noticed that Muhammad admired Durrah and asked  if he intended to marry her. He replied that he could not marry his stepdaughter; and besides, her father had been his foster-brother. On the day Muhammad died, Durrah was only six years old.
|
|
*Muslim<ref>{{Muslim|8|3412}}; {{Muslim|8|3413}}.</ref>  
*Muslim<ref>{{Muslim|8|3412}}; {{Muslim|8|3413}}.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 9
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |9
|Umama bint Hamza
|Umama bint Hamza
|After March 630.
|After March 630.
|She was Muhammad's cousin and said to be the prettiest girl in the family. Ali proposed her as a bride while she was still a child, but Muhammad said that he could not marry her because her father had been his foster-brother. She later married his stepson, Salama ibn Abi Salama.
|She was Muhammad's cousin and said to be the prettiest girl in the family. Ali proposed her as a bride while she was still a child, but Muhammad said that he could not marry her because her father had been his foster-brother. She later married his stepson, Salama ibn Abi Salama.
|
|
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:115-116.</ref>  
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:115-116.</ref>


|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 10
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |10
|Safiyah bint Bashshama
|Safiyah bint Bashshama
|September 630.  
|September 630.
|She was a war-captive from Mesopotamia. Muhammad asked her to marry him, but when she said she wanted to return to her husband, he allowed her family to ransom her. It is said that her family cursed her for placing her personal happiness above the political needs of the tribe.
|She was a war-captive from Mesopotamia. Muhammad asked her to marry him, but when she said she wanted to return to her husband, he allowed her family to ransom her. It is said that her family cursed her for placing her personal happiness above the political needs of the tribe.
|
|
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 140}}</ref>
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 140}}</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:109-111.</ref>  
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:109-111.</ref>


|}<BR>
|}<BR>
Line 488: Line 488:


{{Hub4|Lists|Lists}}
{{Hub4|Lists|Lists}}
{{Hub4|Muhammad's Wives|Muhammad's wives and concubines}}
{{Hub4|Muhammad's Wives|Muhammad's wives and concubines}}


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