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[[File:Ahmed Abu Laban.jpg|right|150px|thumb|'Moderate' Palestinian-born Danish Muslim leader, Ahmad Abu Laban, was expelled from Egypt and Kuwait for his involvement in the Muslim Brotherhood,<ref name="Middle East Quarterly">Pernille Ammitzbøll and Lorenzo Vidino - [http://www.meforum.org/1437/after-the-danish-cartoon-controversy After the Danish Cartoon Controversy] - Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2007, pp. 3-11</ref>]] | [[File:Ahmed Abu Laban.jpg|right|150px|thumb|'Moderate' Palestinian-born Danish Muslim leader, Ahmad Abu Laban, was expelled from Egypt and Kuwait for his involvement in the Muslim Brotherhood,<ref name="Middle East Quarterly">Pernille Ammitzbøll and Lorenzo Vidino - [http://www.meforum.org/1437/after-the-danish-cartoon-controversy After the Danish Cartoon Controversy] - Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2007, pp. 3-11</ref>]] | ||
The ''Jyllands-Posten'' [[Muhammad]] | The ''Jyllands-Posten'' [[Muhammad]] Cartoons, which resulted in more than 200 deaths and hundreds of injuries since their initial publication in September 2005,<ref name="cartoon 2">[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,547572,00.html Yale Removes Cartoons of Prophet Muhammad From Forthcoming Book, Citing Fears of Violence] - Fox News, September 08, 2009</ref> is one of the most well-known examples of Islamic intolerance. However, this article discusses the lesser-known '''Muhammad Cartoon Hoax''' and its role in making the cartoons a world-wide issue. | ||
= | Initially following the publication of the twelve Jyllands-Posten images, the reaction was comparably negligible. Palestinian-born Danish Muslim leader, Ahmad Abu Laban (who was expelled from Egypt and Kuwait for his involvement in the Muslim Brotherhood,<ref name="Middle East Quarterly"></ref> and has links with Egyptian terrorist group Gama'a Islamiya),<ref>Analysis of the June 26, 1995 searches of the Viale Jenner mosque, Direzione per le Investigazioni Generali e per le Operazioni Speciali (DIGOS), Sept. 15, 1997.</ref><ref>Giles Foden - [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/sep/24/afghanistan.terrorism11 The hunt for 'Public Enemy No 2'] - The Guardian (London), September 24, 2001.</ref><ref> Evan F. Kohlmann, Al-Qaida's Jihad in Europe: The Afghan-Bosnian Network (Oxford: Berg, 2004), pp. 26-7.</ref> took it upon himself to spearhead a campaign demanding an apology from Jyllands-Posten. | ||
Abu Laban created the ''Committee for the Defense of the Honor of the Prophet'', which primarily consisted of extremist Imams<ref name="Middle East Quarterly"></ref> and issued a press release which appeared to be a threat towards Jyllands-Posten, "We are not threatening anybody, but when you see what happened in Holland and then still print the cartoons, that's quite stupid."<ref>Morgenavisen Jyllands-Posten, Oct. 9, 2005.</ref> Abu Laban's statements, however, did not stifle the press. | |||
Abu Laban | In December 2006, a delegation of Danish Muslim leaders, headed by Ahmad Abu Laban and Ahmed Akkari (a Lebanese-born theological student), travelled to the Middle East to publicise and garner opposition to the offending cartoons. Ahmad Abu Laban, who was also the head of The Islamic Society of Denmark, called upon the Muslim world to "internationalize this issue so that the Danish government would realize that the cartoons were not only insulting to Muslims in Denmark but also to Muslims worldwide."<ref>[http://www.islamonline.net/English/News/2005-11/18/article02.shtml Danish Muslims "Internationalize" Anti-Prophet Cartoons] - IslamOnline, Nov. 18, 2005</ref> However, the number of images taken to the Middle East had risen considerably. | ||
==The additional images== | |||
==The | |||
<center><gallery> | <center><gallery> | ||
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These poorly produced images appear to be more offensive than the original 12. | These poorly produced images appear to be more offensive than the original 12. | ||
The first image is allegedly a depiction of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as a pig. This is highly offensive to Muslims due to pigs, along with [[urine]], faeces and non-Muslims, being considered "najis" (impure).<ref name="najis">(Asad) "O YOU who have attained to faith! Those who ascribe divinity to aught beside God are nothing but impure: and so they shall not approach the Inviolable House of Worship from this year onwards And should you fear poverty, then [know that] in time God will enrich you out of His bounty, if He so wills: for, verily, God is all-knowing, wise!" - Qur’an 9:28</ref><ref>The following ten things are essentially najis [impure, unclean]: 1. Urine 2. Faeces 3. Semen 4. Dead body 5. Blood 6. Dog 7. Pig 8. Kafir [unbeliever] 9. Alcoholic liquors 10. The sweat of an animal who persistently eats najasat - [http://web.archive.org/web/20100119121959/http://www.sistani.org/local.php?modules=nav&nid=2&bid=59&pid=2857 <!-- http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20100119121959%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.sistani.org%2Flocal.php%3Fmodules%3Dnav%26nid%3D2%26bid%3D59%26pid%3D2857&date=2012-01-25 -->Islamic Laws : Najis things » Introduction] - Al-Sistani.org, Internet Archive capture dated January 19, 2010</ref><ref name="najis2">“...And, that they [the dhimmis] should not enter the pool while a Muslim is bathing at the public baths. ...It is also incumbent upon Muslims that they should not accept from them victuals with which they had come into contact, such as distillates, which cannot be purified. If something can be purified, such as clothes, if they are dry, they can be accepted, they are clean. But if they [the dhimmis] had come into contact with those clothes in moisture they should be rinsed with water after being obtained. ...It would also be better if the ruler of the Muslims would establish that all infidels could not move out of their homes on days when it rains or snows because they would make Muslims impure...” - Muhammad Baqir Majlesi (1616 – 1698 AD) - Lightning Bolts Against the Jews</ref> It was only discovered later that it was not Danish, nor was it a cartoon at all, but a fax copy of a photo, and this photo was in fact not a depiction of the Islamic prophet, but of Jacques Barrot, a pig squealing contestant at the annual French Pig-Squealing Championships in Trie-sur-Baise.<ref>[http://www.neandernews.com/?p=54 Danish Imams Busted] - Neander News, </ref> The original image can be viewed [[:File:Pigsquealcontest.jpg|here]]. | The first image is allegedly a depiction of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as a pig. This is highly offensive to Muslims due to pigs, along with [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Urine|urine]], faeces and non-Muslims, being considered "najis" (impure).<ref name="najis">(Asad) "O YOU who have attained to faith! Those who ascribe divinity to aught beside God are nothing but impure: and so they shall not approach the Inviolable House of Worship from this year onwards And should you fear poverty, then [know that] in time God will enrich you out of His bounty, if He so wills: for, verily, God is all-knowing, wise!" - Qur’an 9:28</ref><ref>The following ten things are essentially najis [impure, unclean]: 1. Urine 2. Faeces 3. Semen 4. Dead body 5. Blood 6. Dog 7. Pig 8. Kafir [unbeliever] 9. Alcoholic liquors 10. The sweat of an animal who persistently eats najasat - [http://web.archive.org/web/20100119121959/http://www.sistani.org/local.php?modules=nav&nid=2&bid=59&pid=2857 <!-- http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20100119121959%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.sistani.org%2Flocal.php%3Fmodules%3Dnav%26nid%3D2%26bid%3D59%26pid%3D2857&date=2012-01-25 -->Islamic Laws : Najis things » Introduction] - Al-Sistani.org, Internet Archive capture dated January 19, 2010</ref><ref name="najis2">“...And, that they [the dhimmis] should not enter the pool while a Muslim is bathing at the public baths. ...It is also incumbent upon Muslims that they should not accept from them victuals with which they had come into contact, such as distillates, which cannot be purified. If something can be purified, such as clothes, if they are dry, they can be accepted, they are clean. But if they [the dhimmis] had come into contact with those clothes in moisture they should be rinsed with water after being obtained. ...It would also be better if the ruler of the Muslims would establish that all infidels could not move out of their homes on days when it rains or snows because they would make Muslims impure...” - Muhammad Baqir Majlesi (1616 – 1698 AD) - Lightning Bolts Against the Jews</ref> It was only discovered later that it was not Danish, nor was it a cartoon at all, but a fax copy of a photo, and this photo was in fact not a depiction of the Islamic prophet, but of Jacques Barrot, a pig squealing contestant at the annual French Pig-Squealing Championships in Trie-sur-Baise.<ref>[http://www.neandernews.com/?p=54 Danish Imams Busted] - Neander News, </ref> The original image can be viewed [[:File:Pigsquealcontest.jpg|here]]. | ||
The second image allegedly depicts Muhammad having sex with a dog. Dogs are also generally considered najis,<ref name="najis"></ref><ref name="najis2"></ref> and while, according to the hadith, Muhammad [[Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Muhammad#Muhammad_the_Rapist|raped his sex slaves]] and had [[Pedophilia|child brides]], there is no hadith that suggests he partook in bestiality. | The second image allegedly depicts Muhammad having sex with a dog. Dogs are also generally considered najis,<ref name="najis"></ref><ref name="najis2"></ref> and while, according to the hadith, Muhammad [[Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Muhammad#Muhammad_the_Rapist|raped his sex slaves]] and had [[Pedophilia|child brides]], there is no hadith that suggests he partook in bestiality. | ||
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The third image depicts Muhammad as a pedophile demon. <ref>Malcolm Barber, p. 321</ref> Muhammad is reported to have allowed his child bride Aisha to play with dolls.<ref>"''Narrated 'Aisha: I used to play with the dolls in the presence of the Prophet, and my girl friends also used to play with me. When Allah's Apostle used to enter they used to hide themselves, but the Prophet would call them to join and play with me. (The playing with the dolls and similar images is forbidden, but it was allowed for 'Aisha at that time, as she was a little girl, not yet reached the age of puberty.) (Fateh-al-Bari page 143, Vol.13)''" - {{Bukhari|8|73|151}}</ref> Islamic sources likewise report that his wet-nurse believed he was possessed by a demon,<ref>"His [Muhammad's friend's] father said to me, "I am afraid that this child has had a stroke, so take him back to his family before the result appears. ..... She [Muhammad's mother] asked me what happened and gave me no peace until I told her. When she asked if I feared a demon had possessed him, I replied that I did." - The Life of Muhammad", by A. Guillaume, Oxford University Press</ref> and at one time even he himself believed he was possessed by a demon.<ref>Silas - [http://www.answering-islam.org/Silas/demons.htm Muhammad and the Demons] - Answering-Islam</ref> | The third image depicts Muhammad as a pedophile demon. <ref>Malcolm Barber, p. 321</ref> Muhammad is reported to have allowed his child bride Aisha to play with dolls.<ref>"''Narrated 'Aisha: I used to play with the dolls in the presence of the Prophet, and my girl friends also used to play with me. When Allah's Apostle used to enter they used to hide themselves, but the Prophet would call them to join and play with me. (The playing with the dolls and similar images is forbidden, but it was allowed for 'Aisha at that time, as she was a little girl, not yet reached the age of puberty.) (Fateh-al-Bari page 143, Vol.13)''" - {{Bukhari|8|73|151}}</ref> Islamic sources likewise report that his wet-nurse believed he was possessed by a demon,<ref>"His [Muhammad's friend's] father said to me, "I am afraid that this child has had a stroke, so take him back to his family before the result appears. ..... She [Muhammad's mother] asked me what happened and gave me no peace until I told her. When she asked if I feared a demon had possessed him, I replied that I did." - The Life of Muhammad", by A. Guillaume, Oxford University Press</ref> and at one time even he himself believed he was possessed by a demon.<ref>Silas - [http://www.answering-islam.org/Silas/demons.htm Muhammad and the Demons] - Answering-Islam</ref> | ||
==The | ==The aftermath== | ||
The extra images were accepted by several major News outlets (including the | The extra images were accepted by several major News outlets (including the Australian network SBS and the British BBC, who later admitted their mistake)<ref>[http://www.brusselsjournal.com/node/778 BBC Admits Fatal Negligence] - The Brussels Journal, February 8, 2006</ref> as being part of the original twelve Jyllands-Posten images. | ||
According to the BBC, the source of these images (through their own admission) has been traced back to the delegation of Danish Muslim leaders themselves.<ref>"...''This picture, a fuzzy grey photocopy, can now be traced back (suspicion having been confirmed by an admission) to a delegation of Danish Muslim leaders who went to the Middle East in November to publicise the cartoons. The visit was organised by Abu Laban, a leading Muslim figure in Denmark''..." - [{{Reference archive|1=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4686536.stm|2=2013-04-27}} A clash of rights and responsibilities], Paul Reynolds, World Affairs correspondent, BBC News, February 6, 2006</ref> The delegation claimed they were sent to Danish Muslims, but failed to verify where and to whom they were sent. | According to the BBC, the source of these images (through their own admission) has been traced back to the delegation of Danish Muslim leaders themselves.<ref>"...''This picture, a fuzzy grey photocopy, can now be traced back (suspicion having been confirmed by an admission) to a delegation of Danish Muslim leaders who went to the Middle East in November to publicise the cartoons. The visit was organised by Abu Laban, a leading Muslim figure in Denmark''..." - [{{Reference archive|1=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4686536.stm|2=2013-04-27}} A clash of rights and responsibilities], Paul Reynolds, World Affairs correspondent, BBC News, February 6, 2006</ref> The delegation claimed they were sent to Danish Muslims, but failed to verify where and to whom they were sent. | ||
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Ultimately, these falsified images likely contributed to the rage that ensued and the resulting carnage. | Ultimately, these falsified images likely contributed to the rage that ensued and the resulting carnage. | ||
==See also== | |||
==See | |||
* [[Blasphemy]] | |||
==External | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.brusselsjournal.com/node/775 The Cartoon Hoax] ''- The Brussels Journal'' | *[http://www.brusselsjournal.com/node/775 The Cartoon Hoax] ''- The Brussels Journal'' | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|30em}} | {{Reflist|30em}} | ||
[[Category:Blasphemy controversies]] | |||
[[Category:Freedom of speech]] | |||
[[Category:Human rights]] | |||
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