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Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence): Difference between revisions
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'''Fiqh''' (فقه) is | [[Islam|Islamic]] jurisprudence, or '''Fiqh''' (فقه), is the activity [[Madh'hab|Islamic jurists]] engage in as they elaborate the [[Shari'ah]], or "God's law", based directly on the [[Qur'an]] and [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] [[Sunnah]] or "way", as compiled in the [[hadiths]]. Fiqh can be described as "the human understanding of the divine laws of God as revealed to Muhammad". | ||
Fiqh comprises both its methodologies (as detailed by the four [[Sunni]] [[Madhab|madhabs]], or two/three [[Shi'ite]] madhabs) and its products, which are the rulings, or [[Fatwa|fatwas]], arrived at by jurists. Broadly speaking, all jurisprudence methods and rulings must not introduce anything new to or remove anything from the Islamic scriptures, as this is considered religious innovation, or [[bid'ah]], and is categorically prohibited. | |||
While the prohibition on bid'ah stifles meaningful and substantive reform (that could, for instance, overturn the laws implemented by Muhammad in 7th century Arabia), neither the interpretive methodologies/schools (madhabs) nor systematic rulings (fatwas) existed during Muhammad's lifetime. Both of these would be introduced almost a hundred years later, both making their first significant appearance during the life of the Imams Abu Hanifa (d. 767), Malik (d. 795), Shafi'i (d. 820), and Ibn Hanbal (d. 855) | |||
{{Core Scripture}} | {{Core Scripture}} | ||
==Downloads== | ==Downloads== | ||
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islamicbulletin.com/free_downloads/resources/reliance_complete.pdf|2=2011-03-16}} Reliance of the Traveller (Revised Edition)] ''- 30.2 MB PDF file'' | *[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islamicbulletin.com/free_downloads/resources/reliance_complete.pdf|2=2011-03-16}} Reliance of the Traveller (Revised Edition)] ''- 30.2 MB PDF file'' | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
*[http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20020808145141/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/NHMK_RT/Default.htm Reliance of the Traveller: The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law Umdat Al-Salik]'' - Online text of a book of Shafi'i Fiqh'' | *[http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20020808145141/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/NHMK_RT/Default.htm Reliance of the Traveller: The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law Umdat Al-Salik]'' - Online text of a book of Shafi'i Fiqh'' | ||
*[http://bewley.virtualave.net/Risalatitl.html The Risala of 'Abdullah ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani (310/922 - 386/996)] ''- A Treatise on Maliki Fiqh'' | *[http://bewley.virtualave.net/Risalatitl.html The Risala of 'Abdullah ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani (310/922 - 386/996)] ''- A Treatise on Maliki Fiqh'' | ||