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Textual History of the Qur'an (view source)
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===The Satanic Verses=== | ===The Satanic Verses=== | ||
The famous [[Satanic Verses]] were verses of the Qur'an which Muhammad received but later claimed came from Satan and not Allah, calling for the worship of the pagan "daughters of Allah" that were supposedly worshiped by the Meccans. There are reports of this incident in all major tafsirs, demonstrating the faith that the tradition has in the event as reality.{{quote | {{cite quran|53|19|end=22|style=ref}} | Have ye seen Lat. and 'Uzza,<BR>And another, the third (goddess), Manat?<BR>What! for you the male sex, and for Him, the female?<BR>Behold, such would be indeed a division most unfair!}}So the story goes, under increasing pressure and boycotts from the pagan Meccans, a weakened and precarious Muhammad accommodated the Meccan pagans by adding verses acknowledging the existence of the three pagan goddesses Lat, Uzza, and Manat, alongside Allah. | The famous [[Satanic Verses]] were verses of the Qur'an which Muhammad received but later claimed came from Satan and not Allah, calling for the worship of the pagan "daughters of Allah" that were supposedly worshiped by the Meccans. There are reports of this incident in all major tafsirs, demonstrating the faith that the tradition has in the event as reality.{{quote | {{cite quran|53|19|end=22|style=ref}} | Have ye seen Lat. and 'Uzza,<BR>And another, the third (goddess), Manat?<BR>What! for you the male sex, and for Him, the female?<BR>Behold, such would be indeed a division most unfair!}}So the story goes, under increasing pressure and boycotts from the pagan Meccans, a weakened and precarious Muhammad accommodated the Meccan pagans by adding verses acknowledging the existence of the three pagan goddesses Lat, Uzza, and Manat, alongside Allah. | ||
====Ibn Ishaq==== | ====Ibn Ishaq==== | ||
From Ibn Ishaq's "[[Sirat Rasul Allah]]". (Ibn Ishaq is the earliest extant Islamic historian to chronicle the life and times of Muhammad, though his work is only preserved in the later text of his pupil ibn Hisham): | From Ibn Ishaq's "[[Sirat Rasul Allah]]". (Ibn Ishaq is the earliest extant Islamic historian to chronicle the life and times of Muhammad, though his work is only preserved in the later text of his pupil ibn Hisham): | ||
{{Quote||Because of his love for his people and his anxiety over them it would delight him if the obstacle that made his task so difficult could be removed; so that he meditated on the project and longed for it and it was dear to him. Then God sent down 'By the star when it sets your comrade errs not and is not deceived, he speaks not from his own desire,' and when he reached His words 'Have you thought of al-Lat and al-'Uzza and Manat the third, the other', Satan, when he was meditating upon it, and desiring to bring it (sc. reconciliation) to his people, put upon his tongue 'these are the exalted Gharaniq whose intercession is approved.' When Quraysh heard that, they were delighted and greatly pleased at the way in which he spoke of their gods and they listened to him; while the believers were holding that what their prophet brought them from their Lord was true, not suspecting a mistake or a vain desire or a slip, and when he reached the prostration 3 and the end of the Sura in which he prostrated himself the Muslims prostrated themselves when their prophet prostrated confirming what he brought and obeying his command...<ref name="Ishaq Satanic Verses">Ibn Ishaq, The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah, Translated by A. Guillaume, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, (Re-issued in Karachi, Pakistan, 1967, 13th impression, 1998) 1955, p. 146-148.</ref>}} | |||
====Al-Tabari==== | ====Al-Tabari==== | ||
Al-Tabari was an early and prolific Islamic historian who also recorded the Satanic verses incident. | Al-Tabari was an early and prolific Islamic historian who also recorded the Satanic verses incident. | ||
{{Quote||Then God revealed: | |||
:''By the Star when it sets, your comrade does not err, nor is'' | |||
:''he deceived; nor does he speak out of (his own) desire ...'' | |||
and when he came to the words: | |||
:''Have you thought upon al-Lat and al-'Uzza and Manat, the third, the other?'' | |||
Satan cast on his tongue, because of his inner debates and what he desired to bring to his people, the words: | |||
:''These are the high-flying cranes; verily their intercession is accepted with approval.''<ref name="Tabari Stanic Verses">Al-Tabari (838? – 923 A.D.), The History of al-Tabari (Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk), Vol. VI: Muhammad at Mecca, Translated by W. M. Watt and M.V. McDonald, State University of New York Press, Albany, NY, 1988, ISBN: 0-88706-707-7, pp. 107-112.</ref>}} | |||
==Companion Codices and the Uthmanic Standard== | ==Companion Codices and the Uthmanic Standard== | ||