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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Defensive Jihad: Difference between revisions
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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Defensive Jihad (view source)
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{{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}} | {{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}} | ||
{{QualityScore|Lead= | {{QualityScore|Lead=2|Structure=3|Content=2|Language=2|References=4}} | ||
Jihad | Medieval Islamic scholars categorised Jihad into two forms: One form involved expanding the realm of Islam, called in Arabic جهاد الطلب "jihad at-talab", "the jihad of request" (referring to the invitation to Islam which must be sent to the opposing infidels before hostilities may commence). Muslims are also commanded by the Qur'an to fight to defend the religion (and the Islamic State) from outside aggressors, and this too constitutes the holy duty of jihad. Islamic modernist scholars and some academic scholars regard this division as a product of the expansionist ideology prevalent in the emerging empire and early Caliphates, and that the Quran itself only sanctions defensive and pre-emptive fighting, with the battles mentioned in the earliest sources aligning with these principles (though this is certainly contested). | ||
{{Main|Jihad in Islamic Law}} | |||
==Qur'an== | ==Qur'an== | ||
Permission is given to | Permission is given to the believers to go to war in order to defend themselves. | ||
{{quote | {{cite quran|22|39|end=41|style=ref}} | | {{quote | {{cite quran|22|39|end=41|style=ref}} | | ||
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(They are) those who, if We establish them in the land, establish regular prayer and give regular charity, enjoin the right and forbid wrong: with Allah rests the end (and decision) of (all) affairs.}} | (They are) those who, if We establish them in the land, establish regular prayer and give regular charity, enjoin the right and forbid wrong: with Allah rests the end (and decision) of (all) affairs.}} | ||
If attacked then | If attacked then believers are to fight against their attackers until the attackers desist from fighting, stop persecuting Muslims and Islam to be established. | ||
{{quote | {{cite quran|2|190|end=194|style=ref}} | | {{quote | {{cite quran|2|190|end=194|style=ref}} | | ||
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That, and also because Allah is He Who makes feeble the plans and stratagem of the Unbelievers.}} | That, and also because Allah is He Who makes feeble the plans and stratagem of the Unbelievers.}} | ||
Fight the | {{Quote|{{Quran|9|14}}|Fight them! Allah will chastise them at your hands, and He will lay them low and give you victory over them, and He will heal the breasts of folk who are believers.}} | ||
The believers should fight in defense and rouse other believers to fight as well. If the group of Muslims is divided (betrayal) then do not join the hypocrites, instead seize them and slay them wherever ye find them. | |||
{{quote | {{cite quran|4|84|end=89|style=ref}} | | |||
Then fight in Allah's cause - Thou art held responsible only for thyself - and rouse the believers. It may be that Allah will restrain the fury of the Unbelievers; for Allah is the strongest in might and in punishment.<BR><BR> | |||
Whoever recommends and helps a good cause becomes a partner therein: And whoever recommends and helps an evil cause, shares in its burden: And Allah hath power over all things.<BR><BR> | |||
When a (courteous) greeting is offered you, meet it with a greeting still more courteous, or (at least) of equal courtesy. Allah takes careful account of all things.<BR><BR> | |||
Allah! There is no god but He: of a surety He will gather you together against the Day of Judgment, about which there is no doubt. And whose word can be truer than Allah's?<BR><BR> | |||
Why should ye be divided into two parties about the Hypocrites? Allah hath upset them for their (evil) deeds. Would ye guide those whom Allah hath thrown out of the Way? For those whom Allah hath thrown out of the Way, never shalt thou find the Way.<BR><BR> | |||
They but wish that ye should reject Faith, as they do, and thus be on the same footing (as they): But take not friends from their ranks until they flee in the way of Allah (From what is forbidden). But if they turn renegades, seize them and slay them wherever ye find them; and (in any case) take no friends or helpers from their ranks;-}} | |||
==Scholars== | |||
{{Quote|Reliance of the Traveler, o9.1-9.2 |The second state is when non-Muslims invade a Muslim country or near to one, in which case jihad is personally obligatory (def: c3.2) upon the inhabitants of that country, who must repel the non-Muslims with whatever they can). Jihad is personally obligatory upon all 'those present in the battle lines (A: and to flee is an enormity (dis: pH)) (0: provided one is able to | |||
fight. If unable, because of illness or the death of one's mount when not able to fight on foot, or because one no longer has a weapon, then one may leave. One may also leave if the opposing non-Muslim army is more than twice the size of the Muslim force).}} | |||
{{Quote|Ibn Taymiyyah - al-Nubūwāt 1/140|الكفار إنما يقاتلون بشرط الحراب كما ذهب اليه جمهور العلماء وكما دل عليه الكتاب والسنة | |||
<BR /> | |||
The unbelievers are only fought on the condition that they declare war according to the majority of scholars, as is evident in the Book and Sunnah.}} | |||
{{ | {{Quote|Ibn al-Qayyim - Hidāyat al-Ḥayārá 1/237|وَلَمْ يُكْرِهْ أَحَدًا قَطُّ عَلَى الدِّينِ وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ يُقَاتِلُ مَنْ يُحَارِبُهُ وَيُقَاتِلُهُ وَأَمَّا مَنْ سَالَمَهُ وَهَادَنَهُ فَلَمْ يُقَاتِلْهُ وَلَمْ يُكْرِهْهُ عَلَى الدُّخُولِ فِي دِينِهِ | ||
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The Prophet never forced the religion upon anyone, but rather he only fought those who waged war against him and fought him. As for those who made peace with him or conducted a truce, then he never fought them and he never compelled them to enter his religion}} | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||