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Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence): Difference between revisions
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[[Islam|Islamic]] jurisprudence, or '''Fiqh''' (فقه), is the activity [[Madh'hab|Islamic jurists]] engage in as they elaborate the [[Shari'ah]], or "[[Islamic Law|Islamic law]]"/"God's Law", based directly on the [[Qur'an]] and [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] [[Sunnah]] or "way", as compiled in the [[hadith]]. Fiqh can be described as "the human understanding of the divine laws of God as [[Revelation|revealed]] to Muhammad". | [[Islam|Islamic]] jurisprudence, or '''Fiqh''' (فقه), is the activity [[Madh'hab|Islamic jurists]] engage in as they elaborate the [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Shari'ah]], or "[[Islamic Law|Islamic law]]"/"God's Law", based directly on the [[Qur'an]] and [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] [[Sunnah]] or "way", as compiled in the [[hadith]]. Fiqh can be described as "the human understanding of the divine laws of God as [[Revelation|revealed]] to Muhammad". | ||
Fiqh comprises both its methodologies (as detailed by the four [[Sunni]] [[Madhab|madhabs]], or two/three [[Shi'ite]] madhabs) and its products, which are the rulings, or [[Fatwa|fatwas]], arrived at by jurists. Broadly speaking, all jurisprudence methods and rulings must not introduce anything new to or remove anything from the Islamic scriptures, as this is considered religious innovation, or [[bid'ah]], and is categorically prohibited. | Fiqh comprises both its methodologies (as detailed by the four [[Sunni]] [[Madhab|madhabs]], or two/three [[Shi'ism|Shi'ite]] madhabs) and its products, which are the rulings, or [[Fatwa|fatwas]], arrived at by jurists. Broadly speaking, all jurisprudence methods and rulings must not introduce anything new to or remove anything from the Islamic scriptures, as this is considered religious innovation, or [[bid'ah]], and is categorically prohibited. | ||
While the prohibition on bid'ah stifles meaningful and substantive reform (that could, for instance, overturn the laws implemented by Muhammad in 7th century Arabia), neither the interpretive methodologies/schools (madhabs) nor systematic rulings existed during Muhammad's lifetime. Both of these would only begin to be introduced nearly a hundred years later, both making their first appearance during the life of the Sunni Imams Abu Hanifa (d. 767), Malik (d. 795), Shafi'i (d. 820), and Ibn Hanbal (d. 855), and develop into more formal schools thereafter<ref>Muhammad Hashim Kamali, ''Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence'', 1989</ref> | While the prohibition on bid'ah stifles meaningful and substantive reform (that could, for instance, overturn the laws implemented by Muhammad in 7th century Arabia), neither the interpretive methodologies/schools (madhabs) nor systematic rulings existed during Muhammad's lifetime. Both of these would only begin to be introduced nearly a hundred years later, both making their first appearance during the life of the Sunni Imams Abu Hanifa (d. 767), Malik (d. 795), Shafi'i (d. 820), and Ibn Hanbal (d. 855), and develop into more formal schools thereafter<ref>Muhammad Hashim Kamali, ''Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence'', 1989</ref> | ||