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→Circumcision is not Mutilation
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('''NB''' Qur'an 2:195 - referenced in the quote at the start of this section - forbids suicide and ''self''-mutilation, and is therefore does not apply to FGM) | ('''NB''' Qur'an 2:195 - referenced in the quote at the start of this section - forbids suicide and ''self''-mutilation, and is therefore does not apply to FGM) | ||
===Circumcision is not Mutilation=== | ==='Circumcision' is not Mutilation=== | ||
{{Quote|[http://archive.today/2018.05.13-002032/https://femalecircumcision.org/a-problem-of-definition-female-circumcision-vs-fgm/ A Problem of Definition: Female Circumcision vs FGM]|The World Health Organisation’s biased classification of female circumcision as FGM from a perspective of harm is not supported by any scientific study. | {{Quote|[http://archive.today/2018.05.13-002032/https://femalecircumcision.org/a-problem-of-definition-female-circumcision-vs-fgm/ A Problem of Definition: Female Circumcision vs FGM]|The World Health Organisation’s biased classification of female circumcision as FGM from a perspective of harm is not supported by any scientific study. | ||
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One such practice involves the ''"removal of the clitoral hood or a ritual nick on the external female genitalia"''<ref>[https://femalecircumcision.org/a-problem-of-definition-female-circumcision-vs-fgm/ A Problem of Definition: Female Circumcision vs FGM]</ref>. This is sometimes referred to as 'Sunnah Circumcision' (though this term is also used to denote all forms of FGM other than infibulation<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233100651_Somali_Women_in_Western_Exile_Reassessing_Female_Circumcision_in_the_Light_of_Islamic_Teachings Somali Women in Western Exile: Reassessing Female Circumcision in the Light of Islamic Teachings] Sara Johnsdotter</ref>). Removal of the clitoral hood is mostly practiced by South Asian Muslims, who belong to the Shafi'i school, which makes FGM obligatory and is also associated with infibulation, the most severe form of FGM. Sunnah circumcision may have been a way of fulfilling this obligation whilst sparing girls the extremities of infibulation. infibulation was an alien practice to South Asian Muslims, since it is associated with the Islamic slave trade, whose main trade routes centered around Africa and Europe.<ref>[https://www.librairie-de-flore.fr/produit/esclavage-lhistoire-a-lendroit/ l'Esclavage: l'Histoire à l'Endroit' by Bernard Lugan (2020)]</ref><ref>[https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/The-Forgotten-Slave-Trade-Hardback/p/18473 The Forgotten Slave Trade - the White European Slaves of Islam] by Simon Webb</ref> | One such practice involves the ''"removal of the clitoral hood or a ritual nick on the external female genitalia"''<ref>[https://femalecircumcision.org/a-problem-of-definition-female-circumcision-vs-fgm/ A Problem of Definition: Female Circumcision vs FGM]</ref>. This is sometimes referred to as 'Sunnah Circumcision' (though this term is also used to denote all forms of FGM other than infibulation<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233100651_Somali_Women_in_Western_Exile_Reassessing_Female_Circumcision_in_the_Light_of_Islamic_Teachings Somali Women in Western Exile: Reassessing Female Circumcision in the Light of Islamic Teachings] Sara Johnsdotter</ref>). Removal of the clitoral hood is mostly practiced by South Asian Muslims, who belong to the Shafi'i school, which makes FGM obligatory and is also associated with infibulation, the most severe form of FGM. Sunnah circumcision may have been a way of fulfilling this obligation whilst sparing girls the extremities of infibulation. infibulation was an alien practice to South Asian Muslims, since it is associated with the Islamic slave trade, whose main trade routes centered around Africa and Europe.<ref>[https://www.librairie-de-flore.fr/produit/esclavage-lhistoire-a-lendroit/ l'Esclavage: l'Histoire à l'Endroit' by Bernard Lugan (2020)]</ref><ref>[https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/The-Forgotten-Slave-Trade-Hardback/p/18473 The Forgotten Slave Trade - the White European Slaves of Islam] by Simon Webb</ref> | ||
Granted that 'Sunnah Circumcision' is a ''lesser'' mutilation than full clitoridectomy (or excision or infibulation) it nevertheless remains a mutilation because: | Granted that 'Sunnah Circumcision' is a ''lesser'' mutilation than full clitoridectomy (or excision or infibulation) it nevertheless remains a mutilation because: | ||
*it serves no medical or prophylactic purpose | *it serves no medical or prophylactic purpose | ||
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The removal of the clitoral prepuce is justified by [[Daleel|Qiyas]] as being analogous to male circumcision. Proponents of this position accuse bodies such as the World Health Organisation of double standards in that they condemn 'Sunnah Circumcision' but not Male Circumcision. | The removal of the clitoral prepuce is justified by [[Daleel|Qiyas]] as being analogous to male circumcision. Proponents of this position accuse bodies such as the World Health Organisation of double standards in that they condemn 'Sunnah Circumcision' but not Male Circumcision. | ||
If one accepts that ritual male circumcision is not mutilation then their position seems consistent but... | |||
The failure of such bodies to classify male circumcision as a mutilation is a political and pragmatic decision, not one based on ethics or an objective evaluation of the practice. | The failure of such bodies to classify male circumcision as a mutilation is a political and pragmatic decision, not one based on ethics or an objective evaluation of the practice. | ||