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According to Muslim scholar Dr. Hawarey, 80% of the battles Muhammad participated in were offensive.<ref>[http://military.hawarey.org/military_english.htm Military Operations in the Era of Prophet Mohammed (SAW)] - military.hawarey.org</ref>
According to Muslim scholar Dr. Hawarey, 80% of the battles Muhammad participated in were offensive.<ref>[http://military.hawarey.org/military_english.htm Military Operations in the Era of Prophet Mohammed (SAW)] - military.hawarey.org</ref>


==The Greater Jihad==
{{Main|Lesser and Greater Jihad}}
===Background===
The idea that their is a greater and lesser jihad originated from the 11<sup>th</sup> century book, The History of Baghdad, by the Islamic scholar al-Khatib al-Baghdadiis, by way of Yahya ibn al 'Ala', who said,
{{Quote||We were told by Layth, on the authority of 'Ata', on the authority of Abu Rabah, on the authority of Jabir, who said, 'The Prophet (salallaahu 'alayhee wa sallam) returned from one of his battles, and thereupon told us, 'You have arrived with an excellent arrival, you have come from the Lesser Jihad to the Greater Jihad - the striving of a servant (of Allah) against his desires.'<ref>Fayd al-Qadir vol.4 pg. 511</ref>}}
This hadith does not appear in any of the famous hadith books (Sahih Bukhari, Muslim, Dawud, Tirmidhi), and is generally unaccepted by Islamic scholars as far as Islamic Law or belief is concerned (even though the use of weak and even fabricated hadiths is often allowed for the purposes of sermonizing and moral exhortation - [[List of Fabricated Hadith|a manner by which very many known fabrications are popularly thought to have scriptural basis]]).
===Scholars===
'''Dr. Abdullah Yusuf Azzam'''
{{Quote|[http://www.religioscope.com/info/doc/jihad/azzam_caravan_6_conclusion.htm Conclusion]<BR>Imam Abdullah Azzam, Join the Caravan|"is in fact a false, fabricated hadith which has no basis. It is only a saying of Ibrahim Ibn Abi `Abalah, one of the Successors, and it contradicts textual evidence and reality....The word "jihad", when mentioned on its own, only means combat with weapons, as was mentioned by Ibn Rushd, and upon this the four Imams have agreed."}}
'''Ibn Taymiyahh''' (also known as Shaykh ul-Islam to Muslim clerics)
{{Quote||"There is a Hadith related by a group of people which states that the Prophet [peace be upon him] said after the battle of Tabuk: 'We have returned from Jihad Asghar [lesser jihad] to Jihad Akbar [greater jihad].' '''This hadith has no source, nobody whomsoever in the field of Islamic Knowledge has narrated it.''' Jihad against the disbelievers is the most noble of actions, and moreover it is the most important action for the sake of mankind."<ref>Ibn Taymiyahh, [http://www.peacewithrealism.org/jihad/jihad03.htm Al Furqan], Pg 44-45</ref>}}
'''Ibn Baaz'''
{{Quote|Shaykh `Abdul-`Azeez Bin Baz, Fatawa Islamiyah Vol:8 p. 24|''Question: Is Jihad in the way of Allah the same level regardless of whether it is with one's life, wealth , or supplication , even if somebody is cabable of the type that involves one's life?
Answer:''
There are different kinds of jihad - with one's self, wealth, supplication, teaching, giving guidance, or helping others in good in any form.The highest form of jihad, however, is with one's life (the intent here is not suicide, for that is forbidden in Islam), then comes Jihad with one's wealth and jihad with teaching and guidance, and in this way Da'wah is a form of jihad, but jihad with one's life is the highest form.}}
The Egyptian, '''Dr. Muhammad Amin''' says about those who believe this hadith:
{{Quote|Path of Islamic Propagation|“Such people find contentment and comfort in this way, while in reality they only deceive their weak souls, for the true values of the deeds are entirely the opposite.” }}
'''Ibn Hajar al-`Asqalani'''
{{Quote|Hajar al Asqalani, Tasdid al-qaws, see also Kashf al-Khafaa’ (no.1362)| "This saying is widespread and it is a saying by Ibrahim ibn Ablah according to Nisa'i in al-Kuna. Ghazali mentions it in the Ihya' and al-`Iraqi said that Bayhaqi related it on the authority of Jabir and said: There is weakness in its chain of transmission."<ref>[http://www.sunnah.org/tasawwuf/jihad004.html Jihad Al Akbar] - As-Sunnah Foundation of America, from Shaykh Hisham Kabbani's "Islamic Beliefs and Doctrine According to Ahl al-Sunna: A Repudiation of "Salafi" Innovations"</ref>}}
'''Al Bayhaqi'''
{{Quote| Hajar ibn al Asqalani ’Kashf al-Khafaa’ (no.1362)|Its chain of narration is weak.  Ibn Hajr said that this was a saying of Ibraaheem bin Abee Ablah, a Taabi’ee, and not a Ahaadeeth of the Messenger (SAW). <ref>Dr. Suhaib Hassan - [http://www.thereligionislam.com/islamicideology/scienceofhadith.htm The Science of Hadith] - TheReligionIslam</ref><ref>[http://islam.worldofislam.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=729:qwe-have-returned-from-the-lesser-jihad-to-the-greater-jihad-jihad-un-nafs-jihad-ul-akbarq&catid=129&Itemid=63 Be Aware - Da'eef (weak), mawdoo’ (fabricated) hadeeth] - World of Islam Portal, May 10, 2008</ref>}}
'''Mufti Zar Wali Khan''' (who is given the title Sheikh ul hadith) mentioned in his [http://ahsanululoom.com/ Dora Tafsir] that this hadith was fabricated by Sufis.<ref>Wazir Allah Khan - [http://www.sunniforum.com/forum/showthread.php?51913-Hadith-authenticity-lesser-jihad-to-greater-jihad&daysprune=-1 Hadith authenticity - lesser jihad to greater jihad] - SunniForums</ref>
===Qur'an===
This fabricated hadith, goes against the Qur'an.
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|95}}|"Those believers who sit back '''are not equal to those who perform Jihad''' in the Path of Allah with their wealth and their selves. Allah has favored those who perform Jihad with their wealth and their selves by degrees over those who sit back. To both (groups) has Allah promised good, but Allah has favored the mujahideen with a great reward, by ranks from Him, and with Forgiveness, over those who sit back. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most-Merciful." }}
===Hadith===
{{Quote|Saheeh Bukhari 4/45|"It was asked, 'Oh messenger of Allah!, which of makind is most excellent?'. He (Sallallahu alyhi wa salam) replied: "A believer who strives in the path of God with his self and his wealth.<ref name="Join the caravan">Referenced by Abdullah Yusuf Azzam in "[http://www.scribd.com/doc/23785709/Join-The-Caravan Join the caravan]" pg 4</ref>}}
{{Quote|Saheeh related by Ibn Ade and Ibn Asakir from Abu Hurayrah 4/6165. Sahih al Jaami as Sagheer no. 4305|Standing for an hour in the ranks of battle is better than standing in prayer for sixty years.<ref name="Join the caravan"></ref>}}
{{Quote|Saheeh al Bukhari 4/50 , agreed upon|"A morning or evening spent in the path of Allah is better than the world and all it contains".<ref name="Join the caravan"></ref> }}
{{Quote|{{Muwatta|21|21|1.4}}|"Shall I tell you who has the best degree among people? A man who takes the rein of his horse to do jihad in the way of Allah}}
==Jihad is not obligatory?==
==Jihad is not obligatory?==
{{Main|Jihad as Obligation (Fard)}}
{{Main|Jihad as Obligation (Fard)}}
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