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= Tٰitle: Incident of IFK + Ruling of 4 witnesses + Pure men have pure wives = | |||
In the [https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4141 incident of Ifk], an accusation of adultery was levied against ‘Aisha. The name of the incident takes its name from the word "ifk" إفك meaning "slander", "lie", "calumny", or "falsehood." This word is specifically used in surat-an-nuur (Surah 24) verse 12. or "During an expedition, the Muslim caravan accidentally departed without ‘Aisha. She remained at the camp, where Safwan (a companion of Muhammad) found her later. They stayed there at night, and the next day, he brought 'Aisha back to Muhammad. Rumors that Aisha and Safwan had committed adultery spread in the wake of this incident. | In the [https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4141 incident of Ifk], an accusation of adultery was levied against ‘Aisha. The name of the incident takes its name from the word "ifk" إفك meaning "slander", "lie", "calumny", or "falsehood." This word is specifically used in surat-an-nuur (Surah 24) verse 12. or "During an expedition, the Muslim caravan accidentally departed without ‘Aisha. She remained at the camp, where Safwan (a companion of Muhammad) found her later. They stayed there at night, and the next day, he brought 'Aisha back to Muhammad. Rumors that Aisha and Safwan had committed adultery spread in the wake of this incident. | ||
Inside the house, Muhammad also doubted 'Aisha, and he consulted people to divorce 'Aisha. But outside the house, Muhammad wanted to end these rumors, as they were affecting his claim of prophethood. Thus Muhammad ordered to kill 'Abdullah Ibn Ubai for slandering 'Aisha in this case, but the tribe of 'Abdullah refused to obey Muhammad and they defended 'Abdullah. A war was about to begin between the two tribes of Muslims upon this issue. | |||
No revelation came about the innocence of 'Aisha initially despite the tense situation of war. Only after one month, Muhammad claimed the revelation of Quranic verses for the innocence of 'Aisha. It is doubted by Islam critics that the revelation was delayed for one month, while Muhammad wanted to make sure that 'Aisha was not pregnant (i.e. if a woman gets her monthly menstrual blood, then it is a sign that she is not pregnant). Muhammad had many wives at that time, but he was unable to bear any children from all of them. Thus, if only 'Aisha would have become pregnant one month after being alone with Safwan, then people would have started doubting the revelation too for announcing the innocence of 'Aisha. | |||
There were 3 Sahaba (companions), who made the slander of adultery against 'Aisha. At that time, Muhammad claimed the revelation of more Quranic verses, which not only stipulated the minimum number of witnesses to 4 in case of adultery, but they also stipulated that all the witnesses would be lashed 80 times if their number is less than 4 (even if they are telling the truth). | |||
== | ==Details about the Incident of IFK== | ||
'Aisha | 'Aisha provided the following details about the incident of IFK (recorded from 'Aisha through multiple chains of narration). | ||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||4141|darussalam}}|Narrated `Aisha: | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|||4141|darussalam}}|Narrated `Aisha: | ||
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('Aisha further said after that immediately revelation started coming to Muhammad and he said to her) 'O `Aisha! Allah has declared your innocence!' Then my Mother said to me, 'Get up and go to him (i.e. Allah's Messenger ). I replied, '''<nowiki/>'By Allah, I will not go to him,''' and I praise none but Allah.}} | ('Aisha further said after that immediately revelation started coming to Muhammad and he said to her) 'O `Aisha! Allah has declared your innocence!' Then my Mother said to me, 'Get up and go to him (i.e. Allah's Messenger ). I replied, '''<nowiki/>'By Allah, I will not go to him,''' and I praise none but Allah.}} | ||
== Criticism: Why did Muhammad doubt 'Aisha and didn't immediately think well of 'Aisha? == | |||
After one month, Muhammad claimed that divine revelation came to him, which condemned that group of people for not '''immediately''' believing in the innocence of 'Aisha. {{Quote|1=[https://quranx.com/24.12?context=4 Quran 24:12-16]|2=Why did the faithful men and women '''not think well of their people (i.e. 'Aisha and Safwan)''' when they heard this, and said: '''"This is a clear lie?"''' ... Why did you not say when you heard it: '''"It is not for us to speak of it? God preserve us, it is a great lie!"'''}}But the Islam critics claim that Muhammad's own actions were against this Quranic Verse. According to 'Aisha: | |||
*Muhammad himself didn't immediately thought well about 'Aisha, but he himself started doubting 'Aisha. | |||
*And instead of saying it to be a clear lie, Muhammad himself stopped showing KINDNESS towards 'Aisha, despite her being ill. Even if he came to 'Aisha, then he only greeted her, and then left. | |||
* | |||
*Then Muhammad also started investigating about the character of 'Aisha from Ali and Zayd (the adopted son), and Barira (i.e. the maid-servant) inside the house. | *Then Muhammad also started investigating about the character of 'Aisha from Ali and Zayd (the adopted son), and Barira (i.e. the maid-servant) inside the house. | ||
*Then Muhammad also consulted them regarding giving "Divorce" to 'Aisha. | *Then Muhammad also consulted them regarding giving "Divorce" to 'Aisha. | ||
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*Then Muhammad claimed divine revelation came to him which proved her innocence, but 'Aisha was still so much upset with Muhammad's behaviour when her mother asked her to accompany Muhammad, then 'Aisha refused to even go with him. | *Then Muhammad claimed divine revelation came to him which proved her innocence, but 'Aisha was still so much upset with Muhammad's behaviour when her mother asked her to accompany Muhammad, then 'Aisha refused to even go with him. | ||
Islam critics | Islam critics claim that outside the house, Muhammad was trying hard to keep the mouths shut of people from raising doubts in this incident, by even giving orders to kill 'Abdullah bin 'Ubai, but inside the house, he was himself doubting 'Aisha. '''But as a human being, he made a mistake and didn't anticipate that later his own behaviour would be disclosed by 'Aisha too,''' '''which would put his own behaviour in direct contradiction to this revelation'''. Thus it is enough to understand that this was not a revelation by any divine being, but it was only the '''Human Drama''' of Muhammad. | ||
==Criticism: Quranic claim that pure Men have only the pure Women== | |||
==Quranic claim that | |||
In this same revelation of Surah Nur, Quran also claimed that pure men have only the pure women. This Quranic claim should serve as an argument that 'Aisha was innocent, while she was wed to a pure man i.e. Muhammad. | In this same revelation of Surah Nur, Quran also claimed that pure men have only the pure women. This Quranic claim should serve as an argument that 'Aisha was innocent, while she was wed to a pure man i.e. Muhammad. | ||
{{Quote|1=[https://quranx.com/24.3?context=24 Surah Nur 4:3 and 4:26]|2=The fornicator does not marry except a [female] fornicator or polytheist, and none marries her except a fornicator or a polytheist, and that has been made unlawful to the believers ۔۔۔ | {{Quote|1=[https://quranx.com/24.3?context=24 Surah Nur 4:3 and 4:26]|2=The fornicator does not marry except a [female] fornicator or polytheist, and none marries her except a fornicator or a polytheist, and that has been made unlawful to the believers ۔۔۔ | ||
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{{Quote|[http://m.qtafsir.com/Surah-An-Noor/The-Goodness-of-%60Aishah-becau--- Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Surah Nur 24:26]|"Evil women are for evil men and evil men are for evil women, and good women are for good men and good men are for good women.'' This also necessarily refers back to what they said, i.e., '''Allah would not have made `A'ishah the wife of His Messenger unless she had been good, because he is the best of the best of mankind. If she had been evil, she would not have been a suitable partner either according to His Laws or His decree'''.}} | {{Quote|[http://m.qtafsir.com/Surah-An-Noor/The-Goodness-of-%60Aishah-becau--- Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Surah Nur 24:26]|"Evil women are for evil men and evil men are for evil women, and good women are for good men and good men are for good women.'' This also necessarily refers back to what they said, i.e., '''Allah would not have made `A'ishah the wife of His Messenger unless she had been good, because he is the best of the best of mankind. If she had been evil, she would not have been a suitable partner either according to His Laws or His decree'''.}} | ||
The Qur'an itself | But the Islamic critics point out that this Quranic claim of pure men only having pure women goes against the human logic. The Qur'an itself gives the example of wife of Lut, who was not pure of heart, while Lut himself was a pure man. The Qur'an also gives the example of wife of Pharaoh; she was a pure woman, while Pharaoh was not. Similarly with wife of Noah, who herself was not pure. This explanation thus seems to go against the known biographies of many of the Islamic prophets. And there are also common observation that many Muslim men do fornication in the western countries with the western women, but then go back to their country of origin, and wed the Muslim girls/women, who are pure according to the Islamic standards. | ||
== | ==Criticism: Islamic Ruling of 4 eye-witnesses in the case of adultery== | ||
Muhammad also claimed the revelation of verse 24 of Surah Nur at the same time of incident of Ifk: | Muhammad also claimed the revelation of verse 24 of Surah Nur at the same time of incident of Ifk. This verse stipulated an '''entirely new condition''' of number of witnesses to be 4 in case of slandering. And it also stipulated '''another entirely new condition''' i.e. if there numbers are less than 4, then all the witnesses should be lashed 80 times, '''even if they are telling the truth'''. {{Quote|[https://quranx.com/24.4 Surah Nur 24:2]|And those who accuse chaste women and then do not produce four witnesses - lash them with eighty lashes and do not accept from them testimony ever after.}} | ||
The first one who made a slander of adultery against 'Aisha was 'Abdullah Ibn Ubai. Muhammad firstly ordered his killing. But he was an influential person and Muhammad failed to incite the Muslims from his tribe to kill him. | |||
Then there were 3 other Sahaba (companions) who also made the slander of adultery against 'Aisha. They were: | |||
Then there were 3 other Sahaba (companions) who | |||
#Hassan bin Thabit (the famous poet) | #Hassan bin Thabit (the famous poet) | ||
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These 3 companions were not influential like 'Abdullah bin Ubai. Thus after the revelation of verse 24:4, those 3 got the punishment of 80 lashes each, while their numbers were less than 4. | These 3 companions were not influential like 'Abdullah bin Ubai. Thus after the revelation of verse 24:4, those 3 got the punishment of 80 lashes each, while their numbers were less than 4. | ||
Islam critics | Islam critics claim that this Islamic ruling is totally against human rationale to lash the witnesses '''even if they are telling the truth.''' This illogical ruling proves that no revelation was coming from any divine being, but it was Muhammad himself, who was extremely angry upon those people who were putting his position of prophethood in danger by slandering 'Aisha. '''And Muhammad wanted to teach them the lesson'''. And for this reason he himself did this human drama of revelation, and stipulated the numbers of witnesses to be 4, and to punish all if their numbers are less that 4, even if they are telling the truth. The number of those witnesses was 3. But if their number was 4, then Muhammad would have still punished them by simply raising the number of witnesses to 5. And if the number of witnesses was 5, then still Muhammad would have still punished them by putting the condition of 6 witnesses. | ||
==Criticism: How did Muhammad know that Allah will ''''soon'''<nowiki/>' reveal the verses of innocence of 'Aisha after one month?== | |||
==How did Muhammad know that Allah will ''''soon'''<nowiki/>' reveal the verses of innocence of 'Aisha after one month?== | |||
No revelation came for 'Aisha's innocence for the whole month. Then Muhammad came to 'Aisha (who was staying in her parent's house at that time) and he claimed that Allah will ''''soon'''<nowiki/>' reveal the verses about her innocence. And then surprisingly, only after one minute, he claimed that revelation came and it made 'Aisha free of those accusations. | No revelation came for 'Aisha's innocence for the whole month. Then Muhammad came to 'Aisha (who was staying in her parent's house at that time) and he claimed that Allah will ''''soon'''<nowiki/>' reveal the verses about her innocence. And then surprisingly, only after one minute, he claimed that revelation came and it made 'Aisha free of those accusations. | ||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||4141|darussalam}}|Allah's Messenger came, greeted us and sat down. He had never sat with me since that day of the slander. '''A month had elapsed and no Divine Inspiration came to him about my case'''. Allah's Apostle then recited Tashah-hud and then said, 'Amma Badu, O `Aisha! I have been informed so-andso about you; if you are innocent, '''then soon Allah will reveal your innocence''', and if you have committed a sin, then repent to Allah and ask Him for forgiveness for when a slave confesses his sins and asks Allah for forgiveness, Allah accepts his repentance ... | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|||4141|darussalam}}|Allah's Messenger came, greeted us and sat down. He had never sat with me since that day of the slander. '''A month had elapsed and no Divine Inspiration came to him about my case'''. Allah's Apostle then recited Tashah-hud and then said, 'Amma Badu, O `Aisha! I have been informed so-andso about you; if you are innocent, '''then soon Allah will reveal your innocence''', and if you have committed a sin, then repent to Allah and ask Him for forgiveness for when a slave confesses his sins and asks Allah for forgiveness, Allah accepts his repentance ... | ||
(Aisha said) 'By Allah, no doubt I know that you heard this (slanderous) speech so that it has been planted in your hearts (i.e. minds) and you have taken it as a truth. Now if I tell you that I am innocent, you will not believe me, and if confess to you about it, and Allah knows that I am innocent, you will surely believe me ... Then I turned to the other side and lay on my bed ... But, by Allah, before Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) left his seat and before any of the household left, the Divine inspiration came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). So there overtook him the same hard condition which used to overtake him. The sweat was dropping from his body like pearls though it was a wintry day and that was because of the weighty statement which was being revealed to him. When that state of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was over, '''he got up smiling, and the first word he said was, 'O `Aisha! Allah has declared your innocence!''''}} | (Aisha said) 'By Allah, no doubt I know that you heard this (slanderous) speech so that it has been planted in your hearts (i.e. minds) and you have taken it as a truth. Now if I tell you that I am innocent, you will not believe me, and if confess to you about it, and Allah knows that I am innocent, you will surely believe me ... Then I turned to the other side and lay on my bed ... But, by Allah, before Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) left his seat and before any of the household left, the Divine inspiration came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). So there overtook him the same hard condition which used to overtake him. The sweat was dropping from his body like pearls though it was a wintry day and that was because of the weighty statement which was being revealed to him. When that state of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was over, '''he got up smiling, and the first word he said was, 'O `Aisha! Allah has declared your innocence!''''}} | ||
Islam critics | Islam critics claim that Muhammad could have only make such claim (i.e. '''soon''' revelation will come for her innocence) '''when it was in his own hands to make the revelations at any time''' that he wished. And it is strange that indeed the revelation came immediately after that as soon as Muhammad and 'Aisha finished their conversation. | ||
All the people who show magic tricks, they play with the minds of others, and make many such dramas in order to convince the people that they are indeed talking with unseen creatures. Therefore, Muhammad once himself forgot that he had to sweat while claiming the descent of revelation, and instead of that, he slept and kept on snorting. | |||
Therefore, Muhammad once himself forgot that he had to sweat while claiming the descent of revelation, and instead of that, he slept and kept on snorting. | |||
{{Quote|{{Muslim||1180|reference}} and {{Bukhari|||1789|darussalam}}|A man said (to the Holy Prophet): What do you command me to do during my Umra? (It was at this juncture) that '''the revelation came to the Messenger of Allah''' (ﷺ) and he was covered with a cloth, and Ya'la said: Would that I see revelation coming to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He (Hadrat 'Umar) said: Would it please you to see the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) receiving the revelations 'Umar lifted a corner of the cloth '''and I looked at him and he was emitting a sound of snorting. He (the narrator) said: I thought it was the sound of a camel'''. When he was relieved of this (revelation) he said: Where is he who asked about Umra? When the person came, the Prophet (ﷺ) said: Wash out the trace of yellowness, or he said: the trace of perfume and put off the cloak and do in your 'Umra what you do in your Hajj.}} | {{Quote|{{Muslim||1180|reference}} and {{Bukhari|||1789|darussalam}}|A man said (to the Holy Prophet): What do you command me to do during my Umra? (It was at this juncture) that '''the revelation came to the Messenger of Allah''' (ﷺ) and he was covered with a cloth, and Ya'la said: Would that I see revelation coming to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He (Hadrat 'Umar) said: Would it please you to see the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) receiving the revelations 'Umar lifted a corner of the cloth '''and I looked at him and he was emitting a sound of snorting. He (the narrator) said: I thought it was the sound of a camel'''. When he was relieved of this (revelation) he said: Where is he who asked about Umra? When the person came, the Prophet (ﷺ) said: Wash out the trace of yellowness, or he said: the trace of perfume and put off the cloak and do in your 'Umra what you do in your Hajj.}} | ||
So, neither any hard condition overtook Muhammad, nor he sweat due to the heavy | So, neither any hard condition overtook Muhammad, nor he sweat due to the heavy weight of the revelation, but this time he kept on sleeping and snorting comfortably while receiving the revelation. | ||
==Why was the revelation delayed for the whole month?== | ==Criticism: Why was the revelation delayed for the whole month?== | ||
No revelation came about the innocence of 'Aisha initially despite the tense situation of war between the two Muslim tribes. Only after one month, Muhammad claimed the revelation of Quranic verses for the innocence of 'Aisha. It is doubted by Islam critics that the revelation was delayed for one month, while Muhammad wanted to make sure that 'Aisha was not pregnant (i.e. if a woman gets her monthly menstrual blood, then it is a sign that she is not pregnant). Muhammad had many wives at that time, but he was unable to bear any children from all of them. Thus, if only 'Aisha would have become pregnant one month after being alone with Safwan, then people would have started doubting the revelation for announcing the innocence of 'Aisha, and this would have destroyed his claim of prophethood completely. Therefore, although on one side Muhammad was trying to limit the slanders against 'Aisha, but on the other hand he let the door open to punish 'Aisha if she would have become pregnant later. | |||
==Criticism: Role of Hijab and Islamic Modesty in the incident of Ifk== | |||
The idea of 'Hijab' and 'Islamic Modesty' plays a role in this incident: | |||
==Role of | |||
The idea of 'Islamic Modesty' plays a role in this incident: | |||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||4141|darussalam}}|Narrated `Aisha: | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|||4141|darussalam}}|Narrated `Aisha: | ||
... '''I was carried (on the back of a camel) in my howdah and carried down while still in it (when we came to a halt)'''. So we went on till Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had finished from that Ghazwa of his and returned. When we approached the city of Medina he announced at night that it was time for departure. So when they announced the news of departure, I got up and went away from the army camps, and after finishing from the call of nature, I came back to my riding animal. I touched my chest to find that my necklace which was made of Zifar beads (i.e. Yemenite beads partly black and partly white) was missing. So I returned to look for my necklace and my search for it detained me. '''(In the meanwhile) the people who used to carry me on my camel, came and took my howdah and put it on the back of my camel on which I used to ride, as they considered that I was in it'''...They made the camel rise and all of them left (along with it). I found my necklace after the army had gone.}} | ... '''I was carried (on the back of a camel) in my howdah and carried down while still in it (when we came to a halt)'''. So we went on till Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had finished from that Ghazwa of his and returned. When we approached the city of Medina he announced at night that it was time for departure. So when they announced the news of departure, I got up and went away from the army camps, and after finishing from the call of nature, I came back to my riding animal. I touched my chest to find that my necklace which was made of Zifar beads (i.e. Yemenite beads partly black and partly white) was missing. So I returned to look for my necklace and my search for it detained me. '''(In the meanwhile) the people who used to carry me on my camel, came and took my howdah and put it on the back of my camel on which I used to ride, as they considered that I was in it'''...They made the camel rise and all of them left (along with it). I found my necklace after the army had gone.}}The Islamic idea of hijab necessitates the wholesale separation of women from the society of all men, who are not in some way related to them. Even conversation, and any kind of interaction between men and women is considered vulgarity, and is against the 'Islamic Modesty'. Therefore, on this journey too, 'Aisha was made to hide from the eyes of men behind the curtains of her howdah. And since men and women could not even 'greet' each other as it is also considered vulgar in Shariah, thus those men (who were lifting her howdah) were unable to find out if she was present in the howdah or not, by simply saying 'hello' to her. Therefore, this whole incident happened only due to these restrictions upon the woman in name of Hijab and Islamic Modesty. | ||
Therefore, on this journey too, 'Aisha was made hide from the eyes of men behind the curtains of her howdah. And since men and women could not even 'greet' each other as it is also considered vulgar in Shariah | |||
Moreover, Islam critics | Moreover, Islam critics claim that such 'restrictions' in name of 'Islamic Modesty' are against the 'Human '''NATURE'''<nowiki/>'. And these unnatural restrictions make the society so much paranoid and skeptic, that it becomes a 'psycho' case. Muslims are unable to tell why these 2 companions (i.e. Hassan bin Thabit and Mistah) made a slander against 'Aisha. But the reason seems to be simple that these unnatural restrictions are making members of Islamic society paranoid, where they believe in such things which actually are not there.(Note: Muslims still use "Radhi Allahu 'Anhu" for these 2 companions and consider them to be the people of high status). Even today, thousands of killings take place in Islamic societies, in name of ''''Honour Killing'''<nowiki/>', which are based merely upon doubts and paranoia. | ||
Also see again this lack of interaction between them when Safwan found 'Asiha, and they didn't exchanged any words with each other. | |||
Also see again this lack of interaction between them when Safwan found 'Asiha. | |||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||4141|darussalam}}|Narrated 'Aisha: | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|||4141|darussalam}}|Narrated 'Aisha: | ||
... While I was sitting in my resting place, I was overwhelmed by sleep and slept. Safwan bin Al-Muattal As-Sulami Adh-Dhakwani was behind the army. When he reached my place in the morning, he saw the figure of a sleeping person and he recognized me on seeing me '''as he had seen me before the order of compulsory veiling (was prescribed)'''. So I woke up when he recited Istirja' (i.e. "Inna li l-lahi wa inna llaihi raji'un") as soon as he recognized me, '''I veiled my face with my head cover at once, and by Allah, we did not speak a single word''', and I did not hear him saying any word besides his Istirja'. He dismounted from his camel and made it kneel down, putting his leg on its front legs and then I got up and rode on it. Then he set out leading the camel that was carrying me till we overtook the army in the extreme heat of midday}} | ... While I was sitting in my resting place, I was overwhelmed by sleep and slept. Safwan bin Al-Muattal As-Sulami Adh-Dhakwani was behind the army. When he reached my place in the morning, he saw the figure of a sleeping person and he recognized me on seeing me '''as he had seen me before the order of compulsory veiling (was prescribed)'''. So I woke up when he recited Istirja' (i.e. "Inna li l-lahi wa inna llaihi raji'un") as soon as he recognized me, '''I veiled my face with my head cover at once, and by Allah, we did not speak a single word''', and I did not hear him saying any word besides his Istirja'. He dismounted from his camel and made it kneel down, putting his leg on its front legs and then I got up and rode on it. Then he set out leading the camel that was carrying me till we overtook the army in the extreme heat of midday}} | ||
Islam critics ask | Islam critics ask what wrong could have happened if they would have greeted each other, and Safwan would have asked her about the problem why she was alone there, and if she needed some other kind of help too in that situation? Even today Muslim ladies and girls are unable to take help without any hesitation in each and every field from men (either they are male doctors or male teachers etc). So much energy of the society is wasted in these unnatural restrictions, and half of the Islamic society (i.e. women) become practically useless and unable to help with the productivity. | ||
Even today Muslim ladies and girls are unable to take help without any hesitation in each and every field from men (either they are male doctors or male teachers etc). So much energy of the society is wasted in these unnatural restrictions, and half of the Islamic society (i.e. women) become practically useless and unable to help with the productivity. | |||
PS: | PS: | ||
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Muslims are divided on the issue if woman's 'face' should be veiled or not. Those who support the veiling of face too, they present this tradition as a proof, while here 'Aisha veiled her full face from Safwan. | Muslims are divided on the issue if woman's 'face' should be veiled or not. Those who support the veiling of face too, they present this tradition as a proof, while here 'Aisha veiled her full face from Safwan. | ||
==Why did Muhammad use to take his wives during the battles?== | ==Criticism: Why did Muhammad use to take his wives during the battles?== | ||
In the pre-islamic Jahiliyyah period in Arabia, the Kings acted like the dictators. They didn't allow their common soldiers to take their wives during the journeys, but did bring their own wives for themselves, despite the extra burden this imposed on their army. | In the pre-islamic Jahiliyyah period in Arabia, the Kings acted like the dictators. They didn't allow their common soldiers to take their wives during the journeys, but did bring their own wives for themselves, despite the extra burden this imposed on their army. | ||
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