Child Marriage in the Qur'an: Difference between revisions

{{quote |1=[https://publications-img.qurancomplex.gov.sa/?p=139&mushaf_pageno=573&imagewidth=550 Al-Tafsīr Al-Muyassar, King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Quran, second edition, p.558]<BR>التفسير الميسر، مجمع الملك فهد لطباعة المصحف، تأليف نخبة من العلماء، الطبعة الثانية|2= {{right|والنساء المطلقات اللاتي انقطع عنهنَّ دم الحيض؛ لكبر سنهنَّ، إن شككتم فلم تدروا ما الحكم فيهنَّ؟ فعدَّتهنَّ ثلاثة أشهر، والصغيرات اللاتي ‌لم ‌يحضن، فعدتهن ثلاثة أشهر كذلك}}<BR>

{{quote |1=أيسر التفاسير لأبي بكر الجزائري ج5 ص377<BR>

Aysar Al-Tafāsīr by Abū Bakr Al-Jazāʾirī, Maktabat Al-ʿUlūm Wal Ḥikam, vol.5 p.377|2= {{right|واللائي ‌لم ‌يحضن أي لصغرهن كذلك، عدتهن ثلاثة أشهر.}}<BR>

'''Ibn 'Ashur (1879-1973)'''{{quote |1=التحرير والتنوير لابن عاشور، الدار التونسية للنشر<BR>

Al-Taḥrīr Wal-Tanwīr by Ibn ʿĀshūr, Al-Dār Al-Tūnisiyyah Lil-Nashr, Vol.28 p.315|2= {{right|عَطْفٌ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ: فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ [الطَّلَاق: 1] فَإِنَّ الْعِدَّةَ هُنَالِكَ أُرِيدَ بِهَا الْأَقْرَاءُ فَأَشْعَرَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ تِلْكَ الْمُعْتَدَّةَ مِمَّنْ لَهَا أَقْرَاءٌ، فَبَقِيَ بَيَانُ اعْتِدَادِ الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي تَجَاوَزَتْ سِنَّ الْمَحِيضِ أَوِ الَّتِي لَمْ تَبْلُغْ سِنَّ مَنْ تَحِيضُ وَهِيَ الصَّغِيرَةُ.}}<BR>

{{quote |1=تفسير السعدي، ص807، مؤسسة الرسالة<BR>

Taysīr Al-Karīm Al-Mannān by Al-Saʿdī, Muʾassasat Al-Risālah, p.807|2= {{right|وَاللائِي ‌لَمْ ‌يَحِضْنَ، أي: الصغار، اللائي لم يأتهن الحيض بعد}}<BR>

'''Tafsir Ibn Abbas. Which is a collection of the Quranic interpretation reports coming from Ibn Abbas, Muhammad's cousin.'''{{Quote|1=[https://www.altafsir.com/tafasir.asp?tmadhno=0&ttafsirno=74&tsorano=65&tayahno=4&tdisplay=yes&userprofile=0&languageid=2]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Abbas|2= (And for such of your women as despair of menstruation) because of old age, (if ye doubt) about their waiting period, (their period (of waiting) shall be three months) upon which another man asked: “O Messenger of Allah! '''"What about the waiting period of those who do not have menstruation because they are too young?” (along with those who have it not) because of young age, their waiting period is three months."''' Another man asked: “what is the waiting period for those women who are pregnant?” (And for those with child) i.e. those who are pregnant, (their period) their waiting period (shall be till they bring forth their burden) their child. (And whosoever keepeth his duty to Allah) and whoever fears Allah regarding what he commands him, (He maketh his course easy for him) He makes his matter easy; and it is also said this means: He will help him to worship Him well.}}<br />'''Al-Jalalayn by Al-Mahalli (d.1459 AD) & Al-Suyuti (d.1505 AD)'''{{Quote|1=[https://www.altafsir.com/tafasir.asp?tmadhno=0&ttafsirno=74&tsorano=65&tayahno=4&tdisplay=yes&userprofile=0&languageid=2 Qur'an 65:4]<BR>Tafsir al-Jalalayn|2= And [as for] those of your women who (read allā'ī or allā'i in both instances) no longer expect to menstruate, if you have any doubts, about their waiting period, their prescribed [waiting] period shall be three months, and [also for] '''those who have not yet menstruated, because of their young age, their period shall [also] be three months''' - both cases apply to other than those whose spouses have died; for these [latter] their period is prescribed in the verse: they shall wait by themselves for four months and ten [days] [Q. 2:234]. And those who are pregnant, their term, the conclusion of their prescribed [waiting] period if divorced or if their spouses be dead, shall be when they deliver. And whoever fears God, He will make matters ease for him, in this world and in the Hereafter.}}

'''<small><br />Tabrasi (d.1153 ِِِAD), a Shia scholar.</small>'''

===<small>Al-Shawkani (d.1839 AD)</small>===

{{Quote|[http://bewley.virtualave.net/bukhari33.html Sahih Al-Bukhari, Chapter 68: Book of Tafsir]|'''The Tafsir of Surat Al-Talaq'''<BR><BR>Mujahid said that "if you have any doubt" (65:4) means if you do not know whether she menstruates or not. Those who do not longer menstruate and '''those who have not yet menstruated, their 'iddah is three months'''.}}

{{quote|Muṣannaf of Abdul Razzāq Al-Ṣanʿānī, Al-Maktab Al-Islāmī, Hadith no.11100, vol.6 p. 340|{{right|فَذَكَرَ شَأْنَ امْرَأَتِهِ وَعِنْدَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُمَا عُثْمَانُ: مَا تَرَيَانِ؟ قَالَا: «نَرَى أَنَّهَا تَرِثُهُ إِنْ مَاتْ، وَأَنَّهُ يَرِثُهَا إِنْ مَاتَتْ، فَإِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ مِنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ اللَّاتِي يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ، وَلَيْسَتْ مِنَ الْأَبْكَارِ اللَّائِي لَمْ يَحِضْنَ}}<BR>

He mentioned the case of his wife while Ali ibn Abi Talib and Zayid bin Thabit were present, so 'Uthman said to the two of them: "What do you think?" The two of them said "We consider she will inherit from him if he dies, and he will inherit from her if she dies, for she’s not among the elderly women who no longer expect menstruation, and she’s not among the virgins who haven’t menstruated.}}

“Reaching Nikah” mentioned in the verse means reaching puberty which can be known through sings such as menstruation for females and the growth of pubic hair. The verse used the expression “reaching Nikah” to actually mean “reaching puberty” because in most cases, it’s adults who perform Nikah. But this doesn’t mean that it’s not possible for non-adults to perform Nikah, which is permissible as proven by the Quran, Sunnah and the consensus of scholars. Plus, the same Surah and the same context of verses proves it (the permissibility of child marriage). (The verse that speaks about giving an orphan his money when he/she reaches Nikah is verse no.6) Verse no.3 says: “And if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphangirls, then marry (other) women of your choice, two or three, or four but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one or (the captives and the slaves) that your right hands possess. ”.  

This verse proves it’s allowed to marry an orphan. And an orphan cannot be an adult. It’s reported in Sahih Bukhari Hadith no. 2494:

 

Ibn Hajar (d.1449 AD) commented on this Hadith saying: “This shows it’s allowed to marry orphans who haven’t reached puberty. Because after puberty they can’t be called orphans.”