Frapper sa femme dans la loi islamique: Difference between revisions

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Classical Muslim scholars have written abundant [[Tafsir|commentary]] and jurisprudential material regarding {{Quran|4|34}} and instruction to beat wives. A few of these classical sources are quoted below, alongside some modern authorities. It is important to note that a number of Islamic modernists (a small sub-group of modern Islamic scholars in general) [[Wife Beating in Islamic Law#The objections of Islamic modernists|have advocated]] an interpretation of {{Quran|4|34}} that militates against traditional understanding and takes the beating instructed to be purely 'symbolic' in nature. The influence of these few, albeit vocal, modernists has resulted in some recent English translations of the Quran opting to replace the word ''daraba'', which is found in the Arabic text and which means 'beat', with alternative words that more readily evoke the modernist interpretation.  
Classical Muslim scholars have written abundant [[Tafsir|commentary]] and jurisprudential material regarding {{Quran|4|34}} and instruction to beat wives. A few of these classical sources are quoted below, alongside some modern authorities. It is important to note that a number of Islamic modernists (a small sub-group of modern Islamic scholars in general) [[Wife Beating in Islamic Law#The objections of Islamic modernists|have advocated]] an interpretation of {{Quran|4|34}} that militates against traditional understanding and takes the beating instructed to be purely 'symbolic' in nature. The influence of these few, albeit vocal, modernists has resulted in some recent English translations of the Quran opting to replace the word ''daraba'', which is found in the Arabic text and which means 'beat', with alternative words that more readily evoke the modernist interpretation.  


{{Quote|1=[http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=672] Tafsir of Ibn Kathir for Qur'an 4:34|2=(beat them) means, if advice and ignoring her in the bed do not produce the desired results, you are allowed to discipline the wife, without severe beating. Muslim recorded that Jabir said that during the Farewell Hajj, the Prophet said;
{{Quote|1=[http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=672] Tafsir of Ibn Kathir for Qur'an 4:34|2=(les battre) signifie que, si les conseils et le fait de l'ignorer au lit ne produisent pas les résultats escomptés, vous êtes autorisé à discipliner la femme, sans la battre sévèrement. Muslim a rapporté que Jabir a dit que pendant le Hajj d'adieu, le Prophète a dit ; (Craignez Allah concernant les femmes, car elles sont vos assistantes. Vous avez le droit sur elles qu'elles ne permettent pas à une personne que vous n'aimez pas de marcher sur votre tapis. Cependant, si elles le font, vous avez le droit de les discipliner légèrement. Ils ont le droit sur vous que vous leur fournissiez leur provision et leurs vêtements, d'une manière raisonnable). Ibn `Abbas et plusieurs autres ont dit que la Ayah fait référence à un battement qui n'est pas violent. Al-Hasan Al-Basri a dit qu'il signifie, un battement qui n'est pas sévère.}}  
(Fear Allah regarding women, for they are your assistants. You have the right on them that they do not allow any person whom you dislike to step on your mat. However, if they do that, you are allowed to discipline them lightly. They have a right on you that you provide them with their provision and clothes, in a reasonable manner.) Ibn `Abbas and several others said that the Ayah refers to a beating that is not violent. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said that it means, a beating that is not severe.}}  


{{Quote|[http://answering-islam.org/Silas/wife-beating.htm Al-Nawawi]<BR>Reliance of the Traveller|"When a husband notices signs of rebelliousness in his wife (nushuz), whether in words, as when she answers him coldly when she used to do so politely, or he asks her to come to bed and she refuses, contrary to her usual habit; or whether in acts, as when he finds her averse to him when she was previously kind and cheerful), he warns her in words (without keeping from her or hitting her, for it may be that she has an excuse. The warning could be to tell her, "fear Allah concerning the rights you owe to me," or it could be to explain that rebelliousness nullifies his obligation to support her and give her a turn amongst other wives, or it could be to inform her, "Your obeying me is religiously obligatory"). If she commits rebelliousness, he keeps from sleeping (and having sex) with her without words, and '''may hit her''', but not in a way that injures her, meaning he may not (bruise her), break bones, wound her, or cause blood to flow. (It is unlawful to strike another’s face.) He may hit her whether she is rebellious only once or whether more than once, though a weaker opinion holds that he may hot hit her unless there is repeated rebelliousness."
{{Quote|[http://answering-islam.org/Silas/wife-beating.htm Al-Nawawi]<BR>Reliance of the Traveller|"Lorsqu'un mari remarque des signes de rébellion chez sa femme (nushuz), que ce soit en paroles, comme lorsqu'elle lui répond froidement alors qu'elle avait l'habitude de le faire poliment, ou qu'il lui demande de venir au lit et qu'elle refuse, contrairement à son habitude ; ou que ce soit en actes, comme lorsqu'il la trouve averse à lui alors qu'elle était auparavant gentille et joyeuse), il l'avertit en paroles (sans l'éloigner ou la frapper, car il se peut qu'elle ait une excuse. L'avertissement peut consister à lui dire : "crains Allah concernant les droits que tu me dois", ou à lui expliquer que la rébellion annule son obligation de la soutenir et de lui donner un tour parmi les autres épouses, ou encore à l'informer : "ton obéissance est religieusement obligatoire"). Si elle commet une rébellion, il s'abstient de coucher (et d'avoir des rapports sexuels) avec elle sans paroles, et peut la frapper, mais pas d'une manière qui la blesse, c'est-à-dire qu'il ne peut pas (la meurtrir), lui briser les os, la blesser ou faire couler le sang. (Il peut la frapper, qu'elle soit rebelle une seule fois ou plus d'une fois, bien qu'une opinion plus faible considère qu'il ne peut la frapper que si la rébellion est répétée."
Si la femme ne remplit pas l'une des obligations susmentionnées, elle est qualifiée de "rebelle" (nashiz), et le mari prend les mesures suivantes pour corriger les choses :


If the wife does not fulfill one of the above-mentioned obligations, she is termed "rebellious" (nashiz), and the husband takes the following steps to correct matters:
(a) l'admonestation et le conseil, en expliquant l'illicéité de la rébellion, son effet néfaste sur la vie conjugale, et en écoutant son point de vue sur la question ;


(a) admonition and advice, by explaining the unlawfulness of rebellion, its harmful effect on married life, and by listening to her viewpoint on the matter;
(b) si l'admonestation est inefficace, il s'éloigne d'elle en ne couchant pas avec elle, ce qui permet aux deux d'apprendre à quel point ils ont besoin l'un de l'autre ;


(b) if admonition is ineffectual, he keeps from her by not sleeping in bed with her, by which both learn the degree to which they need each other;
(c) si le fait de s'éloigner d'elle est inefficace, il lui est permis de la frapper s'il pense que cela la ramènera dans le droit chemin, mais s'il ne le pense pas, ce n'est pas permis. Il ne doit pas la frapper d'une manière qui la blesse, et c'est son dernier recours pour sauver la famille.


(c) if keeping from her is ineffectual, '''it is permissible for him to hit her''' if he believes that hitting her will bring her back to the right path, though if he does not think so, it is not permissible. His hitting her may not be in a way that injures her, and is his last recourse to save the family.
(d) si le désaccord ne prend pas fin après tout cela, chaque partenaire choisit un arbitre pour résoudre le conflit par un règlement, ou par le divorce.
}}


(d) if the disagreement does not end after all this, each partner chooses an arbitrator to solve the dispute by settlement, or divorce.}}
{{Quote|1=[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP222909 Egyptian Cleric Galal Al-Khatib Explains Wife-Beating in Islam]<BR>MEMRI: Special Dispatch, No. 2229, February 5, 2009|2=Comment les coups doivent-ils être portés ? Peut-être une légère tape sur l'épaule, ou peut-être un pincement pas si léger, ou une sorte de poussée douce. Il doit lui faire sentir qu'il veut la réformer, et lui faire savoir qu'il est mécontent d'elle. C'est comme dire : Aucune des mesures qui fonctionnent avec les personnes sensibles ne fonctionnent avec vous. Un mot suffirait pour n'importe quelle épouse aux mœurs élevées, mais avec toi, les mots ne servent à rien.<br>


{{Quote|1=[http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP222909 Egyptian Cleric Galal Al-Khatib Explains Wife-Beating in Islam]<BR>MEMRI: Special Dispatch, No. 2229, February 5, 2009|2=How should the beatings go? Maybe a light slap on her shoulder, or maybe a not-so-light pinch, or a kind of gentle shove. He should make her feel that he wants to reform her, and let her know that he is displeased with her. It is like saying: None of the measures that work with sensitive people work with you. A word would be enough for any wife with lofty morals, but with you, words do not help.<br>
Il tente alors une nouvelle direction, en faisant appel à sa féminité et à ses émotions, en lui faisant sentir qu'il ne veut pas d'elle ou qu'il ne l'aime pas. Lorsque cela ne fonctionne pas, il lui dit : Avec toi, ''j'ai atteint un stade qui ne convient qu'aux personnes inhumaines - le stade des coups.'''.<br>


Then he attempts a new direction, appealing to her femininity and emotions, by making her feel that he doesn't want her or love her. When this doesn't work, he says to her: With you, '''I have reached a stage which is only appropriate for inhumane people - the stage of beating'''.<br>
La bastonnade est l'une des punitions de la loi religieuse. Quel genre de personnes sont battues ? Les vierges adultères, hommes et femmes, sont battues comme moyen de discipline. Qui d'autre est battu ? Une personne qui a commis un délit et qui a été condamnée par le juge à être battue. Qui d'autre est battu ? Une personne qui a commis un délit. En battant sa femme, le mari dit : Tu as commis un grave péché qui mérite d'être battu."}}
 
Beating is one of the punishments of religious law. What kind of people are beaten? Virgin adulterers, both men and women, are beaten as a means of discipline. Who else is beaten? A person who committed an offense and was sentenced by the judge to beatings. Who else is beaten? Someone who committed a crime. By beating his wife, the husband is saying: You've committed a grave sin that merits beatings."}}


{{Quote|[http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/4048.htm Dr. Ahmad Al-Tayyeb, President of Al-Azhar University and former Mufti of Egypt]<BR>MEMRI: Special Dispatch No.2868, March 19, 2010|With regard to wife beating... In a nutshell, it appeared as part of a program to reform the wife. [According to the Koran], first 'admonish them,' [then] 'sleep in separate beds, and beat them.'...This method appeared as part of the treatment of a rebellious wife. I am faced with two options – either the family will be destroyed by divorce, or I can use means that may bring my wife, the mother of my children, back to her senses. The first means is admonishment...The second means of treatment is 'sleeping in separate beds.' Why? Because this targets the honor... A lot could be said about this. The strength of a woman lies in her ability to seduce the man. The man is strong and can do whatever he wants, but the woman has a weapon of her own. This weapon can be targeted. Many women will come back to their senses, when they realize that this is what's involved...By Allah, even if only one woman out of a million can be reformed by light beatings... '''It's not really beating, it's more like punching'''... It's like shoving or poking her. That's what it is.}}
{{Quote|[http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/4048.htm Dr. Ahmad Al-Tayyeb, President of Al-Azhar University and former Mufti of Egypt]<BR>MEMRI: Special Dispatch No.2868, March 19, 2010|With regard to wife beating... In a nutshell, it appeared as part of a program to reform the wife. [According to the Koran], first 'admonish them,' [then] 'sleep in separate beds, and beat them.'...This method appeared as part of the treatment of a rebellious wife. I am faced with two options – either the family will be destroyed by divorce, or I can use means that may bring my wife, the mother of my children, back to her senses. The first means is admonishment...The second means of treatment is 'sleeping in separate beds.' Why? Because this targets the honor... A lot could be said about this. The strength of a woman lies in her ability to seduce the man. The man is strong and can do whatever he wants, but the woman has a weapon of her own. This weapon can be targeted. Many women will come back to their senses, when they realize that this is what's involved...By Allah, even if only one woman out of a million can be reformed by light beatings... '''It's not really beating, it's more like punching'''... It's like shoving or poking her. That's what it is.}}
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