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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Slavery: Difference between revisions
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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Slavery (view source)
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{{Quote|{{Quran|8|67}}|It is not for any prophet to have captives until he hath made slaughter in the land. Ye desire the lure of this world and Allah desireth (for you) the Hereafter, and Allah is Mighty, Wise.}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|8|67}}|It is not for any prophet to have captives until he hath made slaughter in the land. Ye desire the lure of this world and Allah desireth (for you) the Hereafter, and Allah is Mighty, Wise.}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|33|50}}|'''O Prophet, indeed We have made lawful to you''' your wives to whom you have given their due compensation '''and those your right hand possesses from what Allah has returned to you [of captives]''' and the daughters of your paternal uncles and the daughters of your paternal aunts and the daughters of your maternal uncles and the daughters of your maternal aunts who emigrated with you and a believing woman if she gives herself to the Prophet [and] if the Prophet wishes to marry her, [this is] only for you, excluding the [other] believers. '''We certainly know what We have made obligatory upon them concerning their wives and those their right hands possess''', [but this is for you] in order that there will be upon you no discomfort. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful.}} | |||
==Rape of Female Slaves or Captives== | ==Rape of Female Slaves or Captives== | ||
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{{Quote|{{Quran-range|23|1|6}}|Successful indeed are the believers Who are humble in their prayers, And who shun vain conversation, And who are payers of the poor-due; And who guard their modesty - '''Save from their wives or the (slaves) that their right hands possess''', for then they are not blameworthy}} | {{Quote|{{Quran-range|23|1|6}}|Successful indeed are the believers Who are humble in their prayers, And who shun vain conversation, And who are payers of the poor-due; And who guard their modesty - '''Save from their wives or the (slaves) that their right hands possess''', for then they are not blameworthy}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|33|50}}|O Prophet! Lo! We have made lawful unto thee '''thy wives unto whom thou hast paid their dowries, and those whom thy right hand possesseth of those whom Allah hath given thee as spoils of war''', and the daughters of thine uncle on the father's side and the daughters of thine aunts on the father's side, and the daughters of thine uncle on the mother's side and the daughters of thine aunts on the mother's side who emigrated with thee, and a believing woman if she give herself unto the Prophet and the Prophet desire to ask her in marriage - a privilege for thee only, not for the (rest of) believers - We are Aware of that which We enjoined upon them concerning their wives and those whom their right hands possess - that thou mayst be free from blame, for Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|33|50}}|'''O Prophet! Lo! We have made lawful unto thee''' thy wives unto whom thou hast paid their dowries, '''and those whom thy right hand possesseth of those whom Allah hath given thee as spoils of war''', and the daughters of thine uncle on the father's side and the daughters of thine aunts on the father's side, and the daughters of thine uncle on the mother's side and the daughters of thine aunts on the mother's side who emigrated with thee, and a believing woman if she give herself unto the Prophet and the Prophet desire to ask her in marriage - a privilege for thee only, not for the (rest of) believers - '''We are Aware of that which We enjoined upon them concerning their wives and those whom their right hands possess''' - that thou mayst be free from blame, for Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|70|29|30}}|And those who guard their chastity, Except with their wives and the (captives) whom their right hands possess,- for (then) they are not to be blamed,}} | {{Quote|{{Quran-range|70|29|30}}|And those who guard their chastity, Except with their wives and the (captives) whom their right hands possess,- for (then) they are not to be blamed,}} | ||
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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|47|765}}|Narrated Kurib: the freed slave of Ibn 'Abbas, that Maimuna bint Al-Harith told him that she manumitted a slave-girl without taking the permission of the Prophet. On the day when it was her turn to be with the Prophet, she said, "Do you know, O Allah's Apostle, that I have manumitted my slave-girl?" He said, "Have you really?" She replied in the affirmative. He said, "You would have got more reward if you had given her (i.e. the slave-girl) to one of your maternal uncles."}} | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|47|765}}|Narrated Kurib: the freed slave of Ibn 'Abbas, that Maimuna bint Al-Harith told him that she manumitted a slave-girl without taking the permission of the Prophet. On the day when it was her turn to be with the Prophet, she said, "Do you know, O Allah's Apostle, that I have manumitted my slave-girl?" He said, "Have you really?" She replied in the affirmative. He said, "You would have got more reward if you had given her (i.e. the slave-girl) to one of your maternal uncles."}} | ||
abu | |||
See also {{Muslim|15|4112}} and {{Bukhari|9|89|296}} above for hadiths where Muhammad sold slaves whose masters had promised to free them. | |||
===Slave owners sold women who had bourne them children until the Caliphate of Umar=== | |||
A number of sahih hadith narrate from a companion of Muhammad, Jabir bin `Abdullah, that while Muhammad was alive they used to sell slave-women who had borne them children (ummahat al walad). | |||
{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||3|19|2517}}|Jabir bin `Abdullah was heard to say: | |||
“We used to sell our slave women and the mothers of our children (Umahat Awaldina) when the Prophet (ﷺ) was still living among us, and we did not see anything wrong with that.”}} | |||
The same Arabic phrase, ummahat al-walad, meaning slave concubines who had bourne their master's children, appears also in another narration via a different chain from Jabir. It adds that the practice was not forbidden until the time of Umar, the 2nd Caliph. Umar's ruling is also mentioned in [https://sunnah.com/bulugh/7/13 another hadith] narrated from his son, Ibn Umar, in the Bulugh al-Maram hadith collection. | |||
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||3943|Hasan}}|Narrated Jabir ibn Abdullah: | |||
We sold slave-mothers during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and of AbuBakr. When Umar was in power, he forbade us and we stopped.}} | |||
===Muhammad disapproves of Ibn Mas'ud beating his slave=== | ===Muhammad disapproves of Ibn Mas'ud beating his slave=== | ||
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The Prophet (peace be upon him) brought Fatimah a slave which he donated to her. Fatimah wore a garment which, when she covered her head, did not reach her feet, and when she covered her feet by it, that garment did not reach her head. When the Prophet (peace be upon him) saw her struggle, he said: There is no harm to you: Here is only your father and slave.}} | The Prophet (peace be upon him) brought Fatimah a slave which he donated to her. Fatimah wore a garment which, when she covered her head, did not reach her feet, and when she covered her feet by it, that garment did not reach her head. When the Prophet (peace be upon him) saw her struggle, he said: There is no harm to you: Here is only your father and slave.}} | ||
===Muhammad gave girls like property (or booty) to his companions=== | ===Muhammad gave girls like property (or booty) to his companions=== | ||