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__NOTOC__{{QualityScore|Lead=1|Structure=1|Content=2|Language=2|References=2}}'''Sirat Rasul Allah''' (<small>Arabic: سيرة رسول الله, Romanization: ''Sīrat Rasūl-Allāh,'' Abv: ''Sirat''</small>), or '''Biography of the Prophet of Allah''', refers to the collected biographies of [[Muhammad]]. It is also the title of one of the most important early Siras, namely that of Ibn Ishaq. In addition to the [[hadith]] (oral account of [[Muhammad]]'s statements and actions), the Siras provides an integral foundation to the [[sunnah]] (example, customs, and practices) set forth by [[Muhammad]]. Throughout Islamic history, the Siras and [[Sunnah]] have established the foundation of much of [[Islamic Law|Islamic Law (Shariah)]] and [[Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence)|Jurisprudence (Fiqh)]], including but not limited to the [[Five Pillars of Islam|Five Pillars of Islam]], societal code, and dietary standards. | __NOTOC__{{QualityScore|Lead=1|Structure=1|Content=2|Language=2|References=2}}'''Sirat Rasul Allah''' (<small>Arabic: سيرة رسول الله, Romanization: ''Sīrat Rasūl-Allāh,'' Abv: ''Sirat''</small>), or '''Biography of the Prophet of Allah''', refers to the collected biographies of [[Muhammad]]. It is also the title of one of the most important early Siras, namely that of Ibn Ishaq. In addition to the [[hadith]] (oral account of [[Muhammad]]'s statements and actions), the Siras provides an integral foundation to the [[sunnah]] (example, customs, and practices) set forth by [[Muhammad]]. Throughout Islamic history, the Siras and [[Sunnah]] have established the foundation of much of [[Islamic Law|Islamic Law (Shariah)]] and [[Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence)|Jurisprudence (Fiqh)]], including but not limited to the [[Five Pillars of Islam|Five Pillars of Islam]], societal code, and dietary standards. | ||
Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasār (704-770 AD), commonly known as ''Ibn Ishaq'', was responsible for the earliest-known collection of Hadith arranged in chronological order, eponymously known as ''Sirat Rasul Allah'' (Biography of the Prophet of Allah). This collective biographical account is the earliest and most heavily relied upon biography of [[Muhammad]]. Along with the [[Qur'an]] and [[Hadith]], are commonly referred to as the [http://www.cspipublishing.com/ Trilogy of Islam], as all major doctrines are found within these three sources. | Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasār (704-770 AD), commonly known as ''Ibn Ishaq'', was responsible for the earliest-known collection of Hadith arranged in chronological order, eponymously known as ''Sirat Rasul Allah'' (Biography of the Prophet of Allah). This collective biographical account is the earliest surviving, and most heavily relied upon biography of [[Muhammad]]. Along with the [[Qur'an]] and [[Hadith]], are commonly referred to as the [http://www.cspipublishing.com/ Trilogy of Islam], as all major doctrines are found within these three sources. Earlier biographical material include the letters of 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr (d. 713), and Kitāb al-Maghāzī by Musa ibn ʿUqba (d. 725 to 737), which was a notebook thought lost, but recently rediscoverd in 2021. Musa ibn ʿUqba was a student of Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (d. 737), whose narrations feature heavily in the sira literature. | ||
Ibn Ishaq's work, while the original manuscripts have not survived, is substantially extant through revisions of his editors, most notably Ibn Hisham and [[Tabari|Ibn Jarir al-Tabari]]. According to Islamic scholar Fred Donner at the University of Chicago, the material in ibn Hisham's and al-Tabari's recensions are "virtually the same."<ref>Donner, Fred McGraw (1998). Narratives of Islamic origins: the beginnings of Islamic historical writing. Darwin Press. p. 132. ISBN 9780878501274</ref> However, some material found in al-Tabari was deliberately not preserved by ibn Hisham, most notably al-Tabari's inclusion of the episode known as the [[Satanic Verses]].<ref>Raven, Wim, Sīra and the Qurʾān – Ibn Isḥāq and his editors, Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an. Ed. Jane Dammen McAuliffe. Vol. 5. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers, 2006. p29-51.</ref><ref>Cf., Ibn Ishaq [Guillaume's reconstruction, at 165-167] and al-Tabari [SUNY edition, at VI: 107-112]</ref> | Ibn Ishaq's work, while the original manuscripts have not survived, is substantially extant through revisions of his editors, most notably Ibn Hisham and [[Tabari|Ibn Jarir al-Tabari]]. According to Islamic scholar Fred Donner at the University of Chicago, the material in ibn Hisham's and al-Tabari's recensions are "virtually the same."<ref>Donner, Fred McGraw (1998). Narratives of Islamic origins: the beginnings of Islamic historical writing. Darwin Press. p. 132. ISBN 9780878501274</ref> However, some material found in al-Tabari was deliberately not preserved by ibn Hisham, most notably al-Tabari's inclusion of the episode known as the [[Satanic Verses]].<ref>Raven, Wim, Sīra and the Qurʾān – Ibn Isḥāq and his editors, Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an. Ed. Jane Dammen McAuliffe. Vol. 5. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers, 2006. p29-51.</ref><ref>Cf., Ibn Ishaq [Guillaume's reconstruction, at 165-167] and al-Tabari [SUNY edition, at VI: 107-112]</ref> | ||