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The unbelievers, their sins, and their fate in the afterlife is one of the Qur'an's most strikingly prominent themes. On almost every page, the reader of the Qur'an is confronted with the "doom" (بئس المصير) and "painful torment" (عذاب أليم) that awaits the unbelievers in the afterlife, in their eternal abode, "the fire" (النار). In this life the duty of the believer is [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad|Jihad]] against the unbelievers until they pay the [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah|protection tax]] and "feel themselves subdued" (Qur'an 9:29). The Qur'an warns the believers not to take | The unbelievers, their sins, and their fate in the afterlife is one of the Qur'an's most strikingly prominent themes. On almost every page, the reader of the Qur'an is confronted with the "doom" (بئس المصير) and "painful torment" (عذاب أليم) that awaits the unbelievers in the afterlife, in their eternal abode, "the fire" (النار). In this life the duty of the believer is [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad|Jihad]] against the unbelievers until they pay the [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah|protection tax]] and "feel themselves subdued" (Qur'an 9:29). The Qur'an warns the believers not to take certain unbelievers as [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Friendship_with_Non-Muslims|close allies]], and prohibits the marriage of believers to unbelievers (though this verse is traditionally considered partially abrogated by another permitting believing men to marry Christian and Jewish women). The [[hadith]] and the [[sira]] underline this hostility by portraying the prophet as constantly warring against the unbelief of the pagan Meccans and their Jewish allies. The [[sunnah]] contains many instances of the prophet and his companions killing and torturing unbelievers, and this is exalted as the good and righteous policy of a believing Muslim state. According to the sunnah, the best the unbelievers can hope for under a Muslim government is the second-class citizenship of [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Dhimmitude|dhimmitude]]. | ||
==People== | ==People== | ||
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{{Quote|{{Quran|8|22}}|For the '''vilest beasts''' in God's sight, are the deaf, the dumb, who understand not.}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|8|22}}|For the '''vilest beasts''' in God's sight, are the deaf, the dumb, who understand not.}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran| | {{Quote|{{Quran|98|6}}|Verily those who believe not, among those who have received the scriptures, and among the idolaters, [shall be cast] into the fire of hell, to remain therein [for ever]. These are the '''worst of creatures'''.}} | ||
{Quran|8|55}} is often quoted as a similar verse, though the next verse qualifies the people referred to as treaty breakers. | |||
===Friendship=== | ===Friendship=== | ||
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Friendship with Non-Muslims}} | {{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Friendship with Non-Muslims}} | ||
====Do not | ====Do not take certain disbelievers as close allies because they love what distresses you==== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|144}}|O ye who believe! '''Take not for friends unbelievers rather than believers:''' Do ye wish to offer Allah an open proof against yourselves?}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|4|144}}|O ye who believe! '''Take not for friends unbelievers rather than believers:''' Do ye wish to offer Allah an open proof against yourselves?}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|118}}|O you who believe! '''do not take for intimate friends from among others than your own people;''' they do not fall short of inflicting loss upon you; '''they love what distresses you'''; vehement hatred has already appeared from out of their mouths, and what their breasts conceal is greater still; indeed, We have made the communications clear to you, if you will understand.}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|3|118}}|O you who believe! '''do not take for intimate friends from among others than your own people;''' they do not fall short of inflicting loss upon you; '''they love what distresses you'''; vehement hatred has already appeared from out of their mouths, and what their breasts conceal is greater still; indeed, We have made the communications clear to you, if you will understand.}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|60|7|9}}|It may be that Allah will ordain love [[http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume8/00000185.pdf mawaddatan]] between you and those of them with whom ye are at enmity. Allah is Mighty, and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. Allah forbiddeth you not those who warred not against you on account of religion and drove you not out from your homes, that ye should show them kindness and deal justly with them. Lo! Allah loveth the just dealers. Allah forbiddeth you only those who warred against you on account of religion and have driven you out from your homes and helped to drive you out, that ye make friends of them [tawallawhum]. Whosoever maketh friends of them - (All) such are wrong-doers.}} | |||
====Only stay and eat with Muslims, because whoever joins a non-Muslim is like him==== | ====Only stay and eat with Muslims, because whoever joins a non-Muslim is like him==== | ||
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{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forced Conversion}} | {{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forced Conversion}} | ||
==== | ===="Let there be no compulsion in religion"==== | ||
{{Main|Let There be no Compulsion in Religion}} | |||
{{quote|{{Abudawud|14|2676}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas<BR> | {{quote|{{Abudawud|14|2676}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas<BR> | ||
When the children of a woman (in pre-Islamic days) did not survive, '''she took a vow on herself that if her child survives, she would convert it a Jew'''. When Banu an-Nadir were expelled (from Arabia), there were some children of the Ansar (Helpers) among them. They said: We shall not leave our children. '''So Allah the Exalted revealed; "Let there be no compulsion in religion'''. Truth stands out clear from error."}} | When the children of a woman (in pre-Islamic days) did not survive, '''she took a vow on herself that if her child survives, she would convert it a Jew'''. When Banu an-Nadir were expelled (from Arabia), there were some children of the Ansar (Helpers) among them. They said: We shall not leave our children. '''So Allah the Exalted revealed; "Let there be no compulsion in religion'''. Truth stands out clear from error."}} | ||
Some classical scholars considered the verse abrogated, though generally it was understood as refering to the impossibility of coercing belief (see main article). | |||
{{Quote|Tafsir of Ibn Kathir, Al-Firdous Ltd., London, 1999: First Edition, Part 3, pp. 37-38|Allah says: "There is no compulsion in religion", meaning: do not force anyone to embrace Islam, because it is clear and its proofs and evidences are manifest. Whoever Allah guides and opens his heart to Islam has indeed embraced it with clear evidence. Whoever Allah misguides blinds his heart and has set a seal on his hearing and a covering on his eyes cannot embrace Islam by force...hence Allah revealed this verse. '''But, this verse is abrogated by the verse of "fighting...Therefore, all people of the world should be called to Islam. If anyone of them refuses to do so, or refuses to pay the Jizya they should be fought till they are killed. This is the meaning of compulsion.''' In the Sahih, the Prophet said: "Allah wonders at those people who will enter Paradise in chains", meaning prisoners brought in chains to the Islamic state, then they embrace Islam sincerely and become righteous, and are entered among the people of Paradise.}} | {{Quote|Tafsir of Ibn Kathir, Al-Firdous Ltd., London, 1999: First Edition, Part 3, pp. 37-38|Allah says: "There is no compulsion in religion", meaning: do not force anyone to embrace Islam, because it is clear and its proofs and evidences are manifest. Whoever Allah guides and opens his heart to Islam has indeed embraced it with clear evidence. Whoever Allah misguides blinds his heart and has set a seal on his hearing and a covering on his eyes cannot embrace Islam by force...hence Allah revealed this verse. '''But, this verse is abrogated by the verse of "fighting...Therefore, all people of the world should be called to Islam. If anyone of them refuses to do so, or refuses to pay the Jizya they should be fought till they are killed. This is the meaning of compulsion.''' In the Sahih, the Prophet said: "Allah wonders at those people who will enter Paradise in chains", meaning prisoners brought in chains to the Islamic state, then they embrace Islam sincerely and become righteous, and are entered among the people of Paradise.}} | ||
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{{Quote|{{Quran|22|18}}| Seest thou not that to Allah bow down in worship all things that are in the heavens and on earth: the sun, the moon, the stars; the hills, the trees, the animals; and a great number among mankind? But a great number are (also) such as are fit for Punishment: and such as Allah shall disgrace,- None can raise to honour: for Allah carries out all that He wills. }} | {{Quote|{{Quran|22|18}}| Seest thou not that to Allah bow down in worship all things that are in the heavens and on earth: the sun, the moon, the stars; the hills, the trees, the animals; and a great number among mankind? But a great number are (also) such as are fit for Punishment: and such as Allah shall disgrace,- None can raise to honour: for Allah carries out all that He wills. }} | ||
====Allah sees | ====Allah sees disbelievers as evil and only wrong-doers disbelieve==== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran| | {{Quote|{{Quran|98|6}}|Verily those who believe not, among those who have received the scriptures, and among the idolaters, [shall be cast] into the fire of hell, to remain therein [for ever]. These are the worst of creatures.}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|5|41}}|O Messenger. let not those grieve thee, who race each other into unbelief: (whether it be) among those who say "We believe" with their lips but whose hearts have no faith; or it be among the Jews,- men who will listen to any lie,- will listen even to others who have never so much as come to thee. They change the words from their (right) times and places: they say, "If ye are given his, take it, but if not, beware!" If any one's trial is intended by Allah, thou hast no authority in the least for him against Allah. For such - it is not Allah's will to purify their hearts. For them there is disgrace in this world, and in the Hereafter a heavy punishment. }} | {{Quote|{{Quran|5|41}}|O Messenger. let not those grieve thee, who race each other into unbelief: (whether it be) among those who say "We believe" with their lips but whose hearts have no faith; or it be among the Jews,- men who will listen to any lie,- will listen even to others who have never so much as come to thee. They change the words from their (right) times and places: they say, "If ye are given his, take it, but if not, beware!" If any one's trial is intended by Allah, thou hast no authority in the least for him against Allah. For such - it is not Allah's will to purify their hearts. For them there is disgrace in this world, and in the Hereafter a heavy punishment. }} | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|99}}|And We have certainly revealed to you verses [which are] clear proofs, and no one would deny them except the defiantly disobedient.}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|7|177}}|How evil [سَآءَ sāa<ref>sin-waw-alif [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume4/00000181.pdf Lane's Lexicon p. 1457]</ref>] an example [is that of] the people who denied Our signs and used to wrong themselves.}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|18|57}}|And who is more unjust than one who is reminded of the verses of his Lord but turns away from them and forgets what his hands have put forth? Indeed, We have placed over their hearts coverings, lest they understand it, and in their ears deafness. And if you invite them to guidance - they will never be guided, then - ever.}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|29|49}}|Rather, the Qur'an is distinct verses [preserved] within the breasts of those who have been given knowledge. And none reject Our verses except the wrongdoers.}} | |||
====Allah will make the deeds of non-Muslims fruitless and will bring destruction on them==== | ====Allah will make the deeds of non-Muslims fruitless and will bring destruction on them==== | ||