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According to [[Islam]], '''Allāh''' is the creator of the universe. In the pre-Islamic era, the Quranic ''mushrikeen'' worshipped Allah as the supreme creator god, along with one or more lesser deites. A number of pre-Islamic gods and godesses are named in the Quran, for example ''Allāt'' (the feminine form of “Allah”, meaning '' 'the goddess' ''),<ref>Arne A. Ambros, and Stephan Procházka - [http://jis.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/3/400.extract A Concise Dictionary of Koranic Arabic (p. 306)] - Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3895004006</ref><ref>[http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1332 Lat, al-] - Oxford Islamic Studies Online</ref><ref>Mify narodov mira 1984. Article: Allat</ref> ''Manāt'', and ''al-‘Uzzá'' were Allah's daughters. One of the [[Five Pillars of Islam]] is to accept that Allah is the only God (Arabic: la ilaaha il Allah)<ref>[http://www.mideastweb.org/Middle-East-Encyclopedia/shahada.htm Shahada] - Encyclopedia of the Middle East.</ref><ref>[http://www.themodernreligion.com/convert/islam_conversion_main.htm Embracing Islam] - The Modern Religion</ref> | [[File:Pre-Islamic Basmala in South Arabian Script.jpg|thumb|A Pre-Islamic basmala found in Yemen in 2018 and written in South Arabian Script. Right-to-left, the top line reads "bsmlh rḥmn rḥmn rb smwt", which has been interpreted as "In the name of Allāh, the Raḥmān have mercy upon us, O lord of the heavens"<ref>Ahmad al-Jallad [https://www.academia.edu/43388891 (draft) The pre-Islamic basmala: Reflections on its first epigraphic attestation and its original significance], pp. 3, 6</ref>|alt=|296x296px]]According to [[Islam]], '''Allāh''' is the creator of the universe. In the pre-Islamic era, the Quranic ''mushrikeen'' worshipped Allah as the supreme creator god, along with one or more lesser deites. A number of pre-Islamic gods and godesses are named in the Quran, for example ''Allāt'' (the feminine form of “Allah”, meaning '' 'the goddess' ''),<ref>Arne A. Ambros, and Stephan Procházka - [http://jis.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/3/400.extract A Concise Dictionary of Koranic Arabic (p. 306)] - Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3895004006</ref><ref>[http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1332 Lat, al-] - Oxford Islamic Studies Online</ref><ref>Mify narodov mira 1984. Article: Allat</ref> ''Manāt'', and ''al-‘Uzzá'' were Allah's daughters. One of the [[Five Pillars of Islam]] is to accept that Allah is the only God (Arabic: la ilaaha il Allah)<ref>[http://www.mideastweb.org/Middle-East-Encyclopedia/shahada.htm Shahada] - Encyclopedia of the Middle East.</ref><ref>[http://www.themodernreligion.com/convert/islam_conversion_main.htm Embracing Islam] - The Modern Religion</ref> | ||
Twenty-first century academic scholarship has considerably transformed our understanding about the history of the name Allah, his worship in Arabia, and the beliefs of the ''mushrikeen'' who are mentioned so often in the Quran. This progress has largely been made thanks to archaeological and epigraphic expeditions to Arabia to learn more about the history of the language, scripts and beliefs of Arabia in the centuries before Islam. | Twenty-first century academic scholarship has considerably transformed our understanding about the history of the name Allah, his worship in Arabia, and the beliefs of the ''mushrikeen'' who are mentioned so often in the Quran. This progress has largely been made thanks to archaeological and epigraphic expeditions to Arabia to learn more about the history of the language, scripts and beliefs of Arabia in the centuries before Islam. |