Contradictions in the Quran: Difference between revisions

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{{Quote|{{Quran|53|1-18}}|I swear by the star when it goes down.Your companion does not err, nor does he go astray; Nor does he speak out of desire. It is naught but revelation that is revealed, The Lord of Mighty Power has taught him, The Lord of Strength; so he attained completion, And he is in the highest part of the horizon. Then he drew near, then he bowed. So he was the measure of two bows or closer still. And He revealed to His servant what He revealed. The heart was not untrue in (making him see) what he saw. What! do you then dispute with him as to what he saw? And certainly he saw him in another descent, At the farthest lote-tree; Near which is the garden, the place to be resorted to. When that which covers covered the lote-tree; The eye did not turn aside, nor did it exceed the limit. Certainly he saw of the greatest signs of his Lord.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|53|1-18}}|I swear by the star when it goes down.Your companion does not err, nor does he go astray; Nor does he speak out of desire. It is naught but revelation that is revealed, The Lord of Mighty Power has taught him, The Lord of Strength; so he attained completion, And he is in the highest part of the horizon. Then he drew near, then he bowed. So he was the measure of two bows or closer still. And He revealed to His servant what He revealed. The heart was not untrue in (making him see) what he saw. What! do you then dispute with him as to what he saw? And certainly he saw him in another descent, At the farthest lote-tree; Near which is the garden, the place to be resorted to. When that which covers covered the lote-tree; The eye did not turn aside, nor did it exceed the limit. Certainly he saw of the greatest signs of his Lord.}}


===Could Allah have a son?===
The vision in the first part of surah al-Najm (53) quoted above was traditionally associated with the beginning of Muhammad's night journey. While there was debate among Muslim scholars as to whether the object of the vision was Allah or an angel, the general consensus of modern academic scholars is that Allah is the object of the vision in this passage, especially considering that it says in {{Quran|53|10}} "And he revealed to His Servant what he revealed". Furthermore, the use of the verb "see" (raʾā) in verses 11-13 and 18 regarding the vision, is used also in the next verse 19 when the opponents are challenged as to whether they have seen their own pagan deities "al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā and Manāt". Some of the subsequent verses may suggest that the Quranic mushrikun considered these three to be angels rather than gods, though many academic scholars have observed that these are among the long verses (23 and 26-32) which seem to have been inserted later (whether by Muhammad or an editor) into a surah of otherwise short verses. As Tommaso Tesei notes, these long verses also coincide with the textual location in the surah where the [[Satanic_Verses_(Gharaniq_Incident)|Satanic verses]] were said to have originally appeared.<ref>Tommaso Tesei, [https://www.academia.edu/75302962/THE_QUR_%C4%80N_S_IN_CONTEXT_S_1 The Qurʾān(s) in Context(s)] Journal Asiatique 309.2 (2021): 185-202 (open access; see pp. 192-196)</ref>


Yes
===Could Allah have a child?===
 
The Quran responds to the mushrikun who associated partners with Allah including sons and daughters. In one response it says this is impossible as Allah has no consort, but in another it responds by conceeding it would be possible for him take a son from among his creation but he simply choses not to do so.
{{Quote|{{Quran|39|4}}|
If Allah had willed to choose a son,
He could have chosen what He would of that which He hath created.
Be He Glorified! He is Allah, the One, the Absolute. }}
 
No
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|6|101}}|
Wonderful Originator of the heavens and the earth;
How can He have a son when He has no consort?
He created all things, and He hath full knowledge of all things  }}
 
===Is it possible to have a son without a consort?===
 
Yes
 
{{Quote|{{cite quran|19|20|end=21|style=ref}}|She said: "How shall I have a son, seeing that no man has touched me, and I am not unchaste?" He said: "So (it will be): Thy Lord saith, 'that is easy for Me: and (We wish) to appoint him as a Sign unto men and a Mercy from Us':It is a matter (so) decreed."}}


No
No, for he has no consort


{{Quote|{{Quran|6|101}}|To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth: How can He have a son when He hath no consort? He created all things, and He hath full knowledge of all things.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|6|100|101}}|Yet they ascribe as partners unto Him the jinn, although He did create them, and impute falsely, without knowledge, sons and daughters unto Him. Glorified be He and High Exalted above (all) that they ascribe (unto Him).
The Originator of the heavens and the earth! How can He have a child, when there is for Him no consort, when He created all things and is Aware of all things?}}


===Can only Allah see the unseen?===
Yes, he could by other means but he chooses not to


Yes
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|39|3|4}}|Surely pure religion is for Allah only. And those who choose protecting friends beside Him (say): We worship them only that they may bring us near unto Allah. Lo! Allah will judge between them concerning that wherein they differ. Lo! Allah guideth not him who is a liar, an ingrate.
 
If Allah had willed to choose a son, He could have chosen what He would of that which He hath created. Be He Glorified! He is Allah, the One, the Absolute.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|10|20}}|
They say: "Why is not a sign sent down to him from his Lord?" Say: "The Unseen is only for Allah (to know), then wait ye: I too will wait with you." }}
 
No, Solomon can too
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|27|39}}|
Said an 'Ifrit, of the Jinns: "I will bring it to thee before thou rise from thy council: indeed I have full strength for the purpose, and may be trusted." }}


===Is Allah kind and merciful?===
===Is Allah kind and merciful?===
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{{Quote|{{Quran|4|56}}|
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|56}}|
Those who reject our Signs, We shall soon cast into the Fire: as often as their skins are roasted through, We shall change them for fresh skins, that they may taste the penalty: for Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise.}}
Those who reject our Signs, We shall soon cast into the Fire: as often as their skins are roasted through, We shall change them for fresh skins, that they may taste the penalty: for Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise.}}
===Does Allah forgive everything?===
Yes
{{Quote|{{Quran|39|53}}|
Say: "O my Servants who have transgressed against their souls! Despair not of the Mercy of Allah: for Allah forgives all sins: for He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. }}
No
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|116}}|
Allah forgiveth not (The sin of) joining other gods with Him; but He forgiveth whom He pleaseth other sins than this: one who joins other gods with Allah, Hath strayed far, far away (from the right)}}


===Does Allah forgive worshipping other gods/shirk?===
===Does Allah forgive worshipping other gods/shirk?===
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Yes
Yes


{{Quote|{{Quran|25|70}}|
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|25|68|70}}|Those who invoke not, with Allah, any other god, nor slay such life as Allah has made sacred except for just cause, nor commit fornication; - and any that does this (not only) meets punishment. (But) the Penalty on the Day of Judgment will be doubled to him, and he will dwell therein in ignominy,- Unless he repents, believes, and works righteous deeds, for Allah will change the evil of such persons into good, and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful, }}
Unless he repents, believes, and works righteous deeds, for Allah will change the evil of such persons into good, and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful, }}




==Angels and demons==
==Angels and demons==
===How many angels helped Muhammad at Badr?===
===How many angels helped Muhammad at Badr?===


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He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth. Then turned He to the heaven, and fashioned it as seven heavens. And He is knower of all things.}}
He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth. Then turned He to the heaven, and fashioned it as seven heavens. And He is knower of all things.}}


===How long did it take Allah to create heaven and earth?===
===How many days did it take Allah to create heaven and earth?===


6 days
6 days
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He placed therein firm hills rising above it, and blessed it and measured therein its sustenance in four Days, alike for (all) who ask;  
He placed therein firm hills rising above it, and blessed it and measured therein its sustenance in four Days, alike for (all) who ask;  
Then He ordained them seven heavens in two Days and inspired in each heaven its mandate; and We decked the nether heaven with lamps, and rendered it inviolable. That is the measuring of the Mighty, the Knower}}
Then He ordained them seven heavens in two Days and inspired in each heaven its mandate; and We decked the nether heaven with lamps, and rendered it inviolable. That is the measuring of the Mighty, the Knower}}
===What was the first man created from?===
Dust
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|59}}|The similitude of Jesus before Allah is as that of Adam; He created him from dust, then said to him: "Be". And he was.}}
Clay
{{Quote|{{Quran|15|26}}|We created man from sounding clay, from mud moulded into shape;}}


===How long does it take Allah to create?===
===How long does it take Allah to create?===
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==Day of Judgement (''Qiyamah'')==
==Day of Judgement (''Qiyamah'')==
===How long will the unbelievers think they remained on Earth?===
An afternoon or morning
{{Quote|{{Quran|79|46}}|It will be, on the Day they see it, as though they had not remained [in the world] except for an afternoon or a morning thereof.}}
An hour
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|30|55|56}}|And the Day the Hour appears the criminals will swear they had remained but an hour. Thus they were deluded. But those who were given knowledge and faith will say, "You remained the extent of Allah 's decree until the Day of Resurrection, and this is the Day of Resurrection, but you did not used to know."}}
Ten days
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|20|102|104}}|The Day the Horn will be blown. And We will gather the criminals, that Day, blue-eyed. They will murmur among themselves, "You remained not but ten [days in the world]." We are most knowing of what they say when the best of them in manner will say, "You remained not but one day."}}
A day or part of a day
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|23|112|114}}|[Allah] will say, "How long did you remain on earth in number of years?" They will say, "We remained a day or part of a day; ask those who enumerate." He will say, "You stayed not but a little - if only you had known.}}
===Will disbelievers speak on ''Qiyamah''?===
===Will disbelievers speak on ''Qiyamah''?===


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{{Quote|{{Quran-range|37|16|20}}|When we have died and become dust and bones, are we indeed to be resurrected? And our forefathers [as well]?" Say, "Yes, and you will be [rendered] contemptible." It will be only one shout, and at once they will be observing. They will say, "O woe to us! This is the Day of Recompense."}}
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|37|16|20}}|When we have died and become dust and bones, are we indeed to be resurrected? And our forefathers [as well]?" Say, "Yes, and you will be [rendered] contemptible." It will be only one shout, and at once they will be observing. They will say, "O woe to us! This is the Day of Recompense."}}


===Where do disbelievers receive their record book on Judgment day?===
===How long will the unbelievers think they remained on Earth?===
 
An afternoon or morning


On their back
{{Quote|{{Quran|79|46}}|It will be, on the Day they see it, as though they had not remained [in the world] except for an afternoon or a morning thereof.}}


{{Quote|{{Quran-range|84|7|12}}|
An hour
Then as for he who is given his record in his right hand, He will be judged with an easy account And return to his people in happiness. But as for he who is given his record behind his back, He will cry out for destruction And [enter to] burn in a Blaze.}}


On the left hand
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|30|55|56}}|And the Day the Hour appears the criminals will swear they had remained but an hour. Thus they were deluded. But those who were given knowledge and faith will say, "You remained the extent of Allah 's decree until the Day of Resurrection, and this is the Day of Resurrection, but you did not used to know."}}


{{Quote|{{Quran|69|25}}|
Ten days
And he that will be given his Record in his left hand, will say: "Ah! Would that my Record had not been given to me! }}
 
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|20|102|104}}|The Day the Horn will be blown. And We will gather the criminals, that Day, blue-eyed. They will murmur among themselves, "You remained not but ten [days in the world]." We are most knowing of what they say when the best of them in manner will say, "You remained not but one day."}}
 
A day or part of a day
 
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|23|112|114}}|[Allah] will say, "How long did you remain on earth in number of years?" They will say, "We remained a day or part of a day; ask those who enumerate." He will say, "You stayed not but a little - if only you had known.}}




==Evil==
==Evil==
===Does evil come from Allah?===
===Does evil come from Allah?===


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==Heaven and Hell==
==Heaven and Hell==
===Is there a fate other than Heaven or Hell?===
No
{{Quote|{{Quran|47|12}}|
Verily Allah will admit those who believe and do righteous deeds, to Gardens beneath which rivers flow; while those who reject Allah will enjoy (this world) and eat as cattle eat; and the Fire will be their abode. }}
Yes, there exists purgatory too
{{Quote|{{Quran|7|46}}|
Between them is a veil. And on the Heights are men who know them all by their marks. And they call unto the dwellers of the Garden: Peace be unto you! They enter it not although they hope (to enter).}}
===Is intercession possible on the last day?===
===Is intercession possible on the last day?===


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==Muslims==
==Muslims==
===Who was the first Muslim?===
===Who was the first Muslim (submitter)?===
To be clear, the meaning of "Muslim" in all such verses is "submitter" in its essential sense of monotheistic worship and obedience rather than Muslim in the sense of the distinctly Islamic religion.


Muhammad (some translations add [among you] in square brackets, which is a commentary not present in the Arabic)
Muhammad
(after the word "first" in these verses, some translations add [among you] in square brackets, which is a commentary not present in the Arabic)


{{Quote|{{Quran-range|39|11|12}}|Say (O Muhammad): Lo! I am commanded to worship Allah, making religion pure for Him (only). And I am commanded to be the first of those who are muslims (surrender unto Him).}}
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|39|11|12}}|Say (O Muhammad): Lo! I am commanded to worship Allah, making religion pure for Him (only). And I am commanded to be the first of those who are muslims (surrender unto Him).}}
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{{Quote|{{Quran|30|9}}|
{{Quote|{{Quran|30|9}}|
It was not Allah who wronged them, but they wronged their own souls }}
It was not Allah who wronged them, but they wronged their own souls }}
===For whom is salvation?===
For all pious theists
{{Quote|{{Quran|5|69}}|
Those who believe (in the Qur'an), those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Sabians and the Christians,- any who believe in Allah and the Last Day, and work righteousness,- on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve. }}
For all pious theists
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|62}}|
Verily! Those who believe and those who are Jews and Christians, and Sabians, whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day and do righteous good deeds shall have their reward with their Lord, on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve. }}
For Muslims only
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|85}}|
If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah), never will it be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter He will be in the ranks of those who have lost (All spiritual good). }}
For Muslims only
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|19}}|
Truly, the religion with Allah is Islam. Those who were given the Scripture (Jews and Christians) did not differ except, out of mutual jealousy, after knowledge had come to them. And whoever disbelieves in the Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, signs, revelations, etc.) of Allah, then surely, Allah is Swift in calling to account.. }}


===How should unbelievers be treated?===
===How should unbelievers be treated?===
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{{Quote|{{Quran|5|51}}|
{{Quote|{{Quran|5|51}}|
O ye who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians for friends. They are friends one to another. He among you who taketh them for friends is (one) of them. Lo! Allah guideth not wrongdoing folk. }}
O ye who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians for friends. They are friends one to another. He among you who taketh them for friends is (one) of them. Lo! Allah guideth not wrongdoing folk. }}
===Will Jews and Christians be saved from hell?===
Yes
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|62}}|Those who believe (in the Qur'an), and those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Christians and the Sabians,- any who believe in Allah and the Last Day, and work righteousness, shall have their reward with their Lord; on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve.}}
Yes
{{Quote|{{Quran|5|69}}|Those who believe (in the Qur'an), those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Sabians and the Christians,- any who believe in Allah and the Last Day, and work righteousness,- on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve.}}
No
{{Quote| {{Quran|3|19}} | 
Truly, the religion with Allah is Islam. Those who were given the Scripture (Jews and Christians) did not differ except, out of mutual jealousy, after knowledge had come to them. And whoever disbelieves in the Ayah (proofs, evidences, verses, signs, revelations, etc.) of Allah, then surely, Allah is Swift in calling to account.}}
No
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|85}}|If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah), never will it be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter he will be in the ranks of those who have lost (All spiritual good).}}




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