L'age d'Aicha: Difference between revisions

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Cependant, la réponse de Haddad n’a pas empêché les arguments d’Amjad d’être rabâchés par des apologistes sur internet avec le même objectif missionnaire et apologétique. D’autres transmetteurs de ces arguments figurent, mais sans s’y limiter : T.O Shavanas,<ref>T.O Shanavas - [http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_151_200/ayesha_age_the_myth_of__a_prover.htm AYESHA’s AGE: THE MYTH OF  A PROVERBIAL WEDDING EXPOSED] - Islamic Research Foundation International, Inc.</ref> l'"imam" Chaudhry (qui a plagié mot à mot l'œuvre d'Amjad),<ref>Imam Chaudhry - [{{Reference archive|1=http://islamicsupremecouncil.com/ayesha.htm|2=2011-05-01}} What Was The Age of Ummul Mo'mineen Ayesha (May Allah be pleased with her) When She Married To Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)?] - Le Conseil Suprême Islamique de Canada</ref> Zahid Aziz,<ref name="Zahid Aziz">Zahid Aziz - [http://www.muslim.org/islam/aisha-age.php Age of Aisha (ra) at time of marriage] - Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha`at Islam Lahore Inc. U.S.A.</ref> Nilofar Ahmed,<ref>Nilofar Ahmed - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.dawn.com/2012/02/17/of-aishas-age-at-marriage.html|2=2012-02-17}} Of Aisha’s age at marriage] - Dawn, 17 février 2012</ref> et David Liepert.<ref>Dr. David Liepert - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-david-liepert/islamic-pedophelia_b_814332.html|2=2012-09-21}} Rejecting the Myth of Sanctioned Child Marriage in Islam] - The Huffington Post, 29 janvier 2011</ref>
Cependant, la réponse de Haddad n’a pas empêché les arguments d’Amjad d’être rabâchés par des apologistes sur internet avec le même objectif missionnaire et apologétique. D’autres transmetteurs de ces arguments figurent, mais sans s’y limiter : T.O Shavanas,<ref>T.O Shanavas - [http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_151_200/ayesha_age_the_myth_of__a_prover.htm AYESHA’s AGE: THE MYTH OF  A PROVERBIAL WEDDING EXPOSED] - Islamic Research Foundation International, Inc.</ref> l'"imam" Chaudhry (qui a plagié mot à mot l'œuvre d'Amjad),<ref>Imam Chaudhry - [{{Reference archive|1=http://islamicsupremecouncil.com/ayesha.htm|2=2011-05-01}} What Was The Age of Ummul Mo'mineen Ayesha (May Allah be pleased with her) When She Married To Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)?] - Le Conseil Suprême Islamique de Canada</ref> Zahid Aziz,<ref name="Zahid Aziz">Zahid Aziz - [http://www.muslim.org/islam/aisha-age.php Age of Aisha (ra) at time of marriage] - Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha`at Islam Lahore Inc. U.S.A.</ref> Nilofar Ahmed,<ref>Nilofar Ahmed - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.dawn.com/2012/02/17/of-aishas-age-at-marriage.html|2=2012-02-17}} Of Aisha’s age at marriage] - Dawn, 17 février 2012</ref> et David Liepert.<ref>Dr. David Liepert - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-david-liepert/islamic-pedophelia_b_814332.html|2=2012-09-21}} Rejecting the Myth of Sanctioned Child Marriage in Islam] - The Huffington Post, 29 janvier 2011</ref>


==Modern apologetic perspectives==
==Perspectives apologétiques modernes==


Some Muslim authors have eschewed the traditionally-accepted ahadith and attempted to calculate Aisha's age based on details found in other ahadith and some biographies, though Kecia Ali labels these attempts as "revisionist".<ref name=":3" />  
Certains auteurs musulmans ont évité les hadiths traditionnellement acceptés et ont tenté de calculer l'âge d'Aicha à partir de détails trouvés dans d'autres hadiths et certaines biographies, bien que Kecia Ali qualifie ces tentatives de "révisionnistes".<ref name=":3" />  


===Reliance on Hisham's narrations in Iraq===
===Recours aux récits d'Hisham en Iraq===


The first objection is that, while sahih (sound) by Islamic hadith standards, the transmission of the hadiths about Aisha's marital age goes through one narrator, Hisham b. 'Urwa (from his father 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr, Aisha's nephew); that he did not narrate it in Medina but only after he moved to Iraq; that Imam Malik (in Medina) was angry with Hisham about (unspecified) hadiths he transmitted in Iraq (according to Ibn Khirash, d. 896 CE); that Hisham became unreliable after he moved there by omitting to mention intermediary transmitters when narrating from his father (according to Yaq'ub b. Shaybah, d. 875 CE, as cited by al-Dhahabi, d. 1348 CE); that he became confused in old age (according to al Hasan b. al-Qattan, d. 1231 CE); or that his memory diminished in old age (according to al-Dhahabi, who denies al-Qattan's claim that Hisham became confused).<ref>See pp. 7-8 of Dr Little's thesis, and pp. 435, 450-51 for quotes from Ibn Khirash and al-Dhahabi.</ref>
Bien que sahih (solide) selon les principes du hadith islamique, la première objection est que la transmission des hadiths sur l'âge conjugal d'Aicha passe par un narrateur, Hisham b. 'Urwa (de son père 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr, le neveu d’Aicha) ; qu'il ne l'a pas raconté à Médine, mais seulement après s’être installé en Irak ; que l'imam Malik (à Médine) était en colère contre Hisham à propos des hadiths (non spécifiés) qu'il a transmis en Irak (selon Ibn Khirash, décédé en 896 de notre ère) ; qu’Hisham est devenu peu fiable après avoir déménagé là-bas en omettant de mentionner les transmetteurs intermédiaires lorsqu’il rapporte de son père (selon Yaq'ub b. Shaybah, décédé en 875 de notre ère, tel que cité par al-Dhahabi, décédé en 1348 de notre ère) ; qu’il est devenu confus en vieillissant (selon al Hasan b. al-Qattan, mort en 1231 de notre ère) ; ou que sa mémoire a diminué dans la vieillesse (selon al-Dhahabi, qui nie l’affirmation d’al-Qattan selon laquelle Hisham est devenu confus).<ref>Voir pp. 7-8 de la thèse du Dr Little, et pp. 435, 450-51 pour les citations d'Ibn Khirash et d'al-Dhahabi.</ref>


From a traditional Islamic perspective, many of the chains of narration for these hadiths about Aisha's marital age<ref>[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Aisha#Aisha.27s Age at Consummation and Marriage|Quran, Hadith, and Scholars on Aisha's Age at Consummation and Marriage]]</ref> do not involve Hisham (for example, Sahih Muslim 8:3311<ref>'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) married her when she was seven years old, and he was taken to his house as a bride when she was nine, and her dolls were with her; and when he (the Holy Prophet) died she was eighteen years old.<br>{{Muslim|8|3311}}</ref>). Details of some of these other chains of narration can be found in the first half of an [https://islamqa.info/en/124483 article by the IslamQA] website.
D’un point de vue islamique traditionnel, de nombreuses chaînes de narration de ces hadiths sur l’âge conjugal d’Aicha<ref>[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Aisha#Aisha.27s Age at Consummation and Marriage|Quran, Hadith, and Scholars on Aisha's Age at Consummation and Marriage]]</ref> n'impliquent pas Hisham (par exemple, Sahih Muslim 8: 3311<ref>'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) married her when she was seven years old, and he was taken to his house as a bride when she was nine, and her dolls were with her; and when he (the Holy Prophet) died she was eighteen years old.<br>{{Muslim|8|3311}}</ref>). Les détails de certaines de ces autres chaînes de narration peuvent être trouvés dans la première moitié d’un [https://islamqa.info/en/124483 article du site IslamQA].


Shaykh Haddad responded to the objection that most of these narrations are reported only by Hisham as follows: "Try more than eleven authorities among the Tabi`in that reported it directly from `A'isha, not counting the other major Companions that reported the same, nor other major Successors that reported it from other than `A'isha."<ref name="Haddad" />  
Shaykh Haddad responded to the objection that most of these narrations are reported only by Hisham as follows: "Try more than eleven authorities among the Tabi`in that reported it directly from `A'isha, not counting the other major Companions that reported the same, nor other major Successors that reported it from other than `A'isha."<ref name="Haddad" />  
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