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L'age d'Aicha: Difference between revisions
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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|59|382}}|Rapporté par Jabir : "Le Messager d'Allah (ﷺ) m'a dit : "Es-tu marié Ô Jabir ?" J'ai répondu, "Oui." Il a demandé "Qu'est-ce, une vierge [bikr] ou une matrone [thayyib] ?" J'ai répondu, "Pas une vierge mais une matrone." Il dit, "Pourquoi n'as-tu pas épousé une jeune fille [jariyah] qui t'aurait tripoté ?"}} | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|59|382}}|Rapporté par Jabir : "Le Messager d'Allah (ﷺ) m'a dit : "Es-tu marié Ô Jabir ?" J'ai répondu, "Oui." Il a demandé "Qu'est-ce, une vierge [bikr] ou une matrone [thayyib] ?" J'ai répondu, "Pas une vierge mais une matrone." Il dit, "Pourquoi n'as-tu pas épousé une jeune fille [jariyah] qui t'aurait tripoté ?"}} | ||
Cheikh Haddad dit à propos de cette revendication : "C’est absurde, bikr signifie une fille vierge, une fille qui n’a jamais été mariée même si son âge est de 0 an, il n’y a donc aucune incertitude ici."<ref name="Haddad" /> | |||
===Fatima | ===La différence d'âge de Fatima=== | ||
Selon ibn Hajar, Fatima avait cinq ans de plus qu'Aicha et Muhammad avait 35 ans quand Fatima est née. Par conséquent, selon cette allégation, Aicha devait être adolescente au moment où son mariage a été consommé. | |||
Cependant, l’auteur de cette affirmation<ref name="Amjad" /> a combiné et cité de façon sélective des sources contradictoires. Cheikh Haddad répond : | |||
{{Quote|<ref name="Haddad" />|Ibn Hajar | {{Quote|<ref name="Haddad" />|Ibn Hajar mentionne deux versions : (1) le récit d'al-Waqidi selon lequel Fatima est née quand le Prophète avait 35 ans ; et (2) le récit d'Ibn `Abd al-Barr selon lequel elle est née quand il avait 41 ans, environ un an plus ou moins avant la prophétie, et environ cinq ans avant la naissance d’Aicha. Cette dernière version correspond aux dates établies.}} | ||
===Hadith saying Aisha had reached puberty=== | |||
This argument is based on a mistranslated hadith, Sahih Bukhari 1:8:465, which in one English translation states that Aisha had seen her parents follow islam since the age of puberty, and not a day passed by without Muhammad visiting them.{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|8|465}}|Narrated `Aisha: | |||
(the wife of the Prophet) I had seen my parents following Islam since I attained the age of puberty. Not a day passed but the Prophet (ﷺ) visited us, both in the mornings and evenings[...]}}However, the word أَعْقِلْ means thoughts or reasoning, but the translator, Muhsin Khan, has used the word 'puberty'. The meaning rather is simply that 'Aisha was aware that her parents were following Islam. A literal translation would be "I was not aware of my parents other than that the two of them both acknowledged the religion". The exact same Arabic phrase is translated correctly by the same translator in another narration of the same hadith.<ref>Narrated Aisha: (wife of the Prophet) Since I reached the age when I could remember things, I have seen my parents worshipping according to the right faith of Islam. Not a single day passed but Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) visited us both in the morning and in the evening... | |||
{{Bukhari|3|37|494}}</ref> | |||
===Hadith in which Aisha mensturated=== | |||
This argument is also based off a mistranslated hadith, Sunan Abu Dawud 4915 (Ahmad Hasan numbering; 4933 Dar-us-Salam).{{Quote|{{Abudawud||4915|hasan}}|Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin: | |||
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) married me when I was seven or six. When we came to Medina, some women came. according to Bishr's version: Umm Ruman came to me when I was swinging. They took me, made me prepared and decorated me. I was then brought to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and he took up cohabitation with me when I was nine. She halted me at the door, and I burst into laughter. Abu Dawud said: That is to say: I menstruated, and I was brought in a house, and there were some women of the Ansari in it. They said: With good luck and blessing. The tradition of one of them has been included in the other. | |||
}}Ahmad Hasan mistranslates Abu Dawud's comment as "That is to say: I menstruated". Aisha's phrase "I burst into laughter" is fa-qultu heeh heeh (فَقُلْتُ هِيهْ هِيهْ), "And I said heh, heh". The Dar-us-Salam English-Arabic edition of Sunan Abu Dawud translated by Nasiruddin al-Khattab (Hadith 4933) renders Aisha's words here: "She made me stand at the door and I started to breathe deeply" (Dar-us-Salam do not include Abu Dawud's comment). | |||
<ref>nun-fa-sin - [https://lexicon.quranic-research.net/data/25_n/208_nfs.html Lane's Lexicon]</ref> | |||
Abu Dawud's comment is ay tanaffasat (أَىْ تَنَفَّسَتْ), which is "That is to say 'I breathed'". The verb nun-fa-sin is used here in Arabic form V with the ta prefix and shadda (doubled) middle letter, which Lane's Lexicon says means "breathed". Form I can mean menstruated, but that is not the form used in the hadith. | |||
===Aisha remembered the migration setting out to Abyssinia=== | |||
Another hadith has been commonly misinterpreted in order to claim that Aisha remembered Muhammad coming to Abu Bakr when it was time to migrate to Abyssinia (modern day Ethiopia). This forced migration occurred due to what Urwa b. al-Zubayr in his first letter describes as the first persecution (''al-fitnah al-ūlā'') in Mecca, before the migration some years later to Medina. | |||
The hadith itself does not state which migration it relates too.{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|34|348}}|Narrated Aisha: | |||
Rarely did the Prophet (ﷺ) fail to visit Abu Bakr's house everyday, either in the morning or in the evening. When the permission for migration to Medina was granted, all of a sudden the Prophet (ﷺ) came to us at noon and Abu Bakr was informed, who said, "Certainly the Prophet (ﷺ) has come for some urgent matter." The Prophet (ﷺ) said to Abu Bakr, when the latter entered "Let nobody stay in your home." Abu Bakr said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! There are only my two daughters (namely `Aisha and Asma') present." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "I feel (am informed) that I have been granted the permission for migration." Abu Bakr said, "I will accompany you, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)!" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "You will accompany me." Abu Bakr then said "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! I have two she-camels I have prepared specially for migration, so I offer you one of them. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "I have accepted it on the condition that I will pay its price."}}Another hadith shows clearly that the above hadith actually refers to the migration to Medina, not Abyssinia. Notice the similar phrasing about Muhammad coming to Abu Bakr at noon after being granted permission to migrate, the two she-camels which Abu Bakr had prepared and the general setting. At the end of the quote Medina is mentioned.{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|59|419}}|Narrated `Aisha: | |||
Abu Bakr asked the Prophet (ﷺ) to allow him to go out (of Mecca) when he was greatly annoyed (by the infidels). But the Prophet (ﷺ) said to him, "Wait." Abu Bakr said, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! Do you hope that you will be allowed (to migrate)?" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, "I hope so." So Abu Bakr waited for him till one day Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) came at noon time and addressed him saying "Let whoever is present with you, now leave you." Abu Bakr said, "None is present but my two daughters." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Have you noticed that I have been allowed to go out (to migrate)?" Abu Bakr said, "O Allah's Apostle, I would like to accompany you." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "You will accompany me." Abu Bakr said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! I have got two she-camels which I had prepared and kept ready for (our) going out." So he gave one of the two (she-camels) to the Prophet (ﷺ) and it was Al-Jad`a. They both rode and proceeded till they reached the Cave at the mountain of Thaur where they hid themselves. Amir bin Fuhaira was the slave of `Abdullah bin at-Tufail bin Sakhbara `Aisha's brother from her mother's side. Abu Bakr had a milch she-camel. Amir used to go with it (i.e. the milch she-camel) in the afternoon and come back to them before noon by setting out towards them in the early morning when it was still dark and then he would take it to the pasture so that none of the shepherds would be aware of his job. When the Prophet (and Abu Bakr) went away (from the Cave), he (i.e. 'Amir) too went along with them and they both used to make him ride at the back of their camels in turns till they reached Medina. [...]}} | |||
==Apologetic justifications for the marriage== | ==Apologetic justifications for the marriage== | ||
A number of claims are commonly made in Muhammad's defence by those who accept the traditional account that he married Aisha when she was six and consummated the marriage when she was nine, Muhammad at that time being a fifty-three year old man. These claims are widely criticised both by Muslims who reject the authenticity of the relevant hadiths, as well as by many other people, whatever their stance on the historicity of the story. | A number of claims are commonly made in Muhammad's defence by those who accept the traditional account that he married Aisha when she was six and consummated the marriage when she was nine, Muhammad at that time being a fifty-three year old man. These claims are widely criticised both by Muslims who reject the authenticity of the relevant hadiths, as well as by many other people, whatever their stance on the historicity of the story. | ||