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Jinn: Difference between revisions
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==Islamic beliefs== | ==Islamic beliefs== | ||
The jinn are mentioned frequently in the Qur'an. There is a [[surah]] titled | The jinn are mentioned frequently in the Qur'an. There is a [[surah]] titled Sūrat al-Jinn (the 72<sup>nd</sup> chapter of the Qur'an), and [[Mistranslations_of_Islamic_Scripture_(English)#.2867:5.29_Shooting_stars|verse 67:5]] discusses the stars from the "lowest heaven" which are used as missiles against any mischievous jinn that attempts to eavesdrop on conversations between angels.<ref>[http://www.islamawareness.net/Jinn/world.html The World of Jinn] - Invitation to Islam, Issue 4, January 1998</ref> | ||
In Islamic theology jinn were [[Creation|created]] from smokeless fire by Allah as humans were made of clay.<ref>{{Quran-range|55|14|15}}</ref> According to the Qur'an, a jinn named ''ʾIblīs'' refused to bow to Adam when Allah ordered angels and jinn to do so. For disobeying Allah, he was expelled from [[Heaven|Paradise]] and called "''Šayṭān''" (Satan). The Qur'an also mentions that Prophet [[Muhammad]] was sent as a prophet to both "humanity and the jinn," and that prophets and messengers were sent to both communities.<ref>{{Quran|51|56}}</ref><ref>Muḥammad ibn Ayyūb al-Ṭabarī, ''Tuḥfat al-gharā’ib'', I, p. 68; Abū al-Futūḥ Rāzī, ''Tafsīr-e rawḥ al-jenān va rūḥ al-janān'', pp. 193, 341</ref> In Surah al-Jinn, the Qur'an describes a contingent of jinn being sent by Allah to Muhammad to hear and then convey his message to other jinns. | In Islamic theology jinn were [[Creation|created]] from smokeless fire by Allah as humans were made of clay.<ref>{{Quran-range|55|14|15}}</ref> According to the Qur'an, a jinn named ''ʾIblīs'' refused to bow to Adam when Allah ordered angels and jinn to do so. For disobeying Allah, he was expelled from [[Heaven|Paradise]] and called "''Šayṭān''" (Satan). The Qur'an also mentions that Prophet [[Muhammad]] was sent as a prophet to both "humanity and the jinn," and that prophets and messengers were sent to both communities.<ref>{{Quran|51|56}}</ref><ref>Muḥammad ibn Ayyūb al-Ṭabarī, ''Tuḥfat al-gharā’ib'', I, p. 68; Abū al-Futūḥ Rāzī, ''Tafsīr-e rawḥ al-jenān va rūḥ al-janān'', pp. 193, 341</ref> In Surah al-Jinn, the Qur'an describes a contingent of jinn being sent by Allah to Muhammad to hear and then convey his message to other jinns. | ||
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Which were created before humans: | Which were created before humans: | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran| | {{Quote|{{Quran-range|15|26|27}}|26. We created man from sounding clay, from mud moulded into shape; | ||
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The first part of Surah al-Jinn discusses the activities and thoughts of a group of Jinn who encountered Muhammad: | The first part of Surah al-Jinn discusses the activities and thoughts of a group of Jinn who encountered Muhammad: | ||
{{Quote|{{quran|72|1 | {{Quote|{{quran-range|72|1|14}}|1. Say (O Muhammad): It is revealed unto me that a company of the Jinn gave ear, and they said: Lo! we have heard a marvellous Qur'an, | ||
2. Which guideth unto righteousness, so we believe in it and we ascribe no partner unto our Lord. | 2. Which guideth unto righteousness, so we believe in it and we ascribe no partner unto our Lord. | ||
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{{Quote|{{Quran|6|130}}|'Company of jinn and mankind, did not Messengers come to you from among you, relating to you My signs and warning you of the encounter of this your day?' They shall say, 'We bear witness against ourselves.' They were deluded by the present life, and they bear witness against themselves that they were unbelievers.}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|6|130}}|'Company of jinn and mankind, did not Messengers come to you from among you, relating to you My signs and warning you of the encounter of this your day?' They shall say, 'We bear witness against ourselves.' They were deluded by the present life, and they bear witness against themselves that they were unbelievers.}} | ||
Jinn are aware of at least some previous revelations given to and used by humans (mentioning Moses), and spread the word to warn other jinn: | Jinn are aware of at least some previous revelations given to and used by humans (mentioning Moses), and spread the word to warn other jinn: | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|46|29 | {{Quote|{{Quran-range|46|29|31}}|29. And when We turned to thee a company of jinn giving ear to the Quran; and when they were in its presence they said, 'Be silent!' Then, when it was finished, they turned back to their people, warning. | ||
30. They said, 'Our people, we have heard a Book that was sent down after Moses, confirming what was before it, guiding to the truth and to a straight path. | 30. They said, 'Our people, we have heard a Book that was sent down after Moses, confirming what was before it, guiding to the truth and to a straight path. | ||
31. O our people, answer God's summoner, and believe in Him, and He will forgive you some of your sins, and protect you from a painful chastisement.}} | 31. O our people, answer God's summoner, and believe in Him, and He will forgive you some of your sins, and protect you from a painful chastisement.}} | ||
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The Qur'an states that Sulayman (Solomon) had control over an army and workforce comprised of jinns and animals, among others: | The Qur'an states that Sulayman (Solomon) had control over an army and workforce comprised of jinns and animals, among others: | ||
{{Quote|{{quran|27|17}}|And there were gathered together unto Solomon his armies of the jinn and humankind, and of the birds, and they were set in battle order;}}{{Quote|{{quran|34|12 | {{Quote|{{quran|27|17}}|And there were gathered together unto Solomon his armies of the jinn and humankind, and of the birds, and they were set in battle order;}}{{Quote|{{quran-range|34|12|14}}|12. And unto Solomon (We gave) the wind, whereof the morning course was a month's journey and the evening course a month's journey, and We caused the fount of copper to gush forth for him, and (We gave him) certain of the jinn who worked before him by permission of his Lord. And such of them as deviated from Our command, them We caused to taste the punishment of flaming Fire. | ||
13. They made for him what he willed: synagogues and statues, basins like wells and boilers built into the ground. Give thanks, O House of David! Few of My bondmen are thankful. | 13. They made for him what he willed: synagogues and statues, basins like wells and boilers built into the ground. Give thanks, O House of David! Few of My bondmen are thankful. | ||
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14. And when We decreed death for him, nothing showed his death to them save a creeping creature of the earth which gnawed away his staff. And when he fell the jinn saw clearly how, if they had known the Unseen, they would not have continued in despised toil.}} | 14. And when We decreed death for him, nothing showed his death to them save a creeping creature of the earth which gnawed away his staff. And when he fell the jinn saw clearly how, if they had known the Unseen, they would not have continued in despised toil.}} | ||
The Qur'an describes a jinn from Sulayman's forces delivering to Sulayman, in the blink of an eye, the throne of the Queen of Sheba: | The Qur'an describes a jinn from Sulayman's forces delivering to Sulayman, in the blink of an eye, the throne of the Queen of Sheba: | ||
{{Quote|{{quran|27|38 | {{Quote|{{quran-range|27|38|40}}|38. He said: O chiefs! Which of you will bring me her [the queen of Sheba's] throne before they come unto me, surrendering? | ||
39. A stalwart of the jinn said: I will bring it thee before thou canst rise from thy place. Lo! I verily am strong and trusty for such work. | 39. A stalwart of the jinn said: I will bring it thee before thou canst rise from thy place. Lo! I verily am strong and trusty for such work. | ||