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Geocentrism and the Quran: Difference between revisions
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→Classical Commentators: I have added some geocentric classical exegesis citations - I will continue to add to the others.
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(→Geocentrism in hadiths: Have added in a citation to the similar Sahih Muslim geocentric hadith. As well as for Al-Razi's geocentrism (I will add other classical scholars citations later).) |
(→Classical Commentators: I have added some geocentric classical exegesis citations - I will continue to add to the others.) |
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==== Classical Commentators ==== | ==== Classical Commentators ==== | ||
It is also notable that no major classical Islamic scholar came up with a heliocentric reading based of the language of the Quran (nor an understanding of our universe close to what we know it is today), as can be seen in their writings, particularly their tafsirs/Quranic commentaries. This includes from the most well-known and influential scholars of all time including al-Tabari, al-Razi,<ref>For example, the famous tafsir '''al-Tafsir al-Kabir'' ' of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 1209) (often referred to as Al-Razi), he explains on his ''[https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=4&tSoraNo=7&tAyahNo=54&tDisplay=yes&Page=22&Size=1&LanguageId=1 commentary on Verse 7:54]'', that the sun has two types of movements; one in a day, and one in a year. </ref> al-Qurtubi, Ibn Abbas, Ibn Kathir, Ibn Taymiyyah, Al Jalalayn, al-Qummi (a prominent Shia scholar), Al-Baghawi and al-Zamakhshari. | It is also notable that no major classical Islamic scholar came up with a heliocentric reading based of the language of the Quran (nor an understanding of our universe close to what we know it is today), as can be seen in their writings, particularly their tafsirs/Quranic commentaries. This includes from the most well-known and influential scholars of all time including al-Tabari,<ref>Commentary from al-Tabari (d. 310 AH) on e.g.: | ||
[https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=1&tSoraNo=18&tAyahNo=86&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=1 Verse 18:86:] ''The Almighty says: { Even if he reached } Dhul-Qarnayn { sunset and found it setting in a hot eye }, readers differed in reading that, so some readers of Medina and Basra read it: { in a hot spring } meaning: it sets in a spring of water with sludge, and read by a group of readers of the city, and the general readers of Kufa: «in the eye of Hamia» means that it sets in the spring of hot water..''</ref> al-Razi,<ref>For example, the famous tafsir '''al-Tafsir al-Kabir'' ' of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 1209) (often referred to as Al-Razi), he explains on his ''[https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=4&tSoraNo=7&tAyahNo=54&tDisplay=yes&Page=22&Size=1&LanguageId=1 commentary on Verse 7:54]'', that the sun has two types of movements; one in a day, and one in a year. </ref> al-Qurtubi, Ibn Abbas, Ibn Kathir,<ref>Commentary of Ibn Kathir (d. 1373), for example: | |||
[https://quranx.com/Tafsir/Kathir/91.1 Verse 91.2]'':'' ''(By the moon as it Talaha.) Mujahid said, "It follows it (the sun).<nowiki>''</nowiki> Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said..'' | |||
[https://quranx.com/Tafsir/Kathir/36.37 Verse: 36:37] ''(The first view) is that it refers to its fixed course of location, which is beneath the Throne, beyond the earth in that direction. Wherever it goes, it is beneath the Throne [...] When the sun is at its zenith at noon, it is in its closest position to Throne, and when it runs in its fourth orbit at the opposite point to its zenith, at midnight, it is in its furthest position from the Throne. At that point it prostrates and asks for permission to rise...'' | |||
[https://quranx.com/Tafsir/Kathir/21.30 Verse 21:33]: ...''adorned it with heavenly bodies both stationary and moving by night and day, such as the sun which completes its circuit in one day and night, until it completes its allotted time..''</ref> Ibn Taymiyyah, Al Jalalayn,<ref>Commentary of Al-Jalalayn (Jalal ad-Din al-Maḥalli (d. 1460) and Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (d. 1505)) on e.g.: | |||
[https://quranx.com/Tafsir/Jalal/91.2 Verse 91:2] ''and [by] the moon when it follows her, rising after she has set'' | |||
[https://quranx.com/Tafsir/Jalal/21.33 Verse 21:33] ''And He it is Who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon, [...] in an orbit, a circular [one] like a mill in the sky, swimming, moving with speed, like a swimmer in water..''</ref> al-Qummi (a prominent Shia scholar), Al-Baghawi and al-Zamakhshari. | |||
===Ancient and modern Muslim astronomers=== | ===Ancient and modern Muslim astronomers=== | ||