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The Qur'an includes references to Jesus (referred to as Isa in Islam), acknowledging him as a prophet of Allah and the Messiah, but with unclear implications that have led to various interpretations in Islam. Unlike the Christian Bible, the Qur'an portrays Jesus as a human being, not the son of God. | The Qur'an includes references to Jesus (referred to as Isa in Islam), acknowledging him as a prophet of Allah and the Messiah, <s>but with unclear implications that have led to various interpretations in Islam.</s> Unlike the Christian Bible, the Qur'an portrays Jesus as a human being similar to other messengers, not the son of God (E.g. <nowiki>{{Quran|4|171}}</nowiki>, <nowiki>{{Quran|17|111}}</nowiki> and <nowiki>{{Quran|2|116}}</nowiki>). <s>He was also not actually crucified <nowiki>{{Quran|4|157}}</nowiki>[14].</s> | ||
It states that Jesus preached the gospel (Injeel) but | It states that Jesus preached the gospel (Injeel) but suggests [[:en:Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Corruption_of_Previous_Scriptures|it has been corrupted]], and though what these means exactly is debated (see: https://www.wikiislam.net/wiki/Corruption_of_Previous_Scriptures), however the mainstream Sunni view is that the Christian Scripture (known as the New Testament containing 4 'gospels'), does not reflect Jesus's original teachings. [2] | ||
While Muslims reject the Christian view of Jesus based on theological grounds, secular scholarship has also long sought to reconstruct the historical Jesus through critical methods <s>rather than faith-based one's</s>, of which the results differ greatly from the Qur'anic portrayal. | |||
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While the arguments from biblical scholars presented here cover some of their main points, it is recommended to read the cited source material for those who want further information, as the argument are too long to fit on this page, but some of the main points are covered. | |||
'''Imminent Apocalyptic Preacher''' | '''Imminent Apocalyptic Preacher''' | ||
Analysis of the sources written closest to Jesus's life has made it a consensus view that Jesus and his original followers believed the 'apocalypse', i.e. judgment day in Islam; the end of history where the forces of evil would be destroyed and the righteous would enter the kingdom of heaven, would happen within his lifetime. | |||
As biblical scholar Albert Schweitzer famously pointed out in his seminal 1906 work 'The Quest of the Historical Jesus', Jesus’s failed prophecy was not an aberrant remark but at the core of his message.[3] Only in later writings did this message begin to be subverted for a metaphorical kingdom of Earth of those who join Jesus's followers believing in salvation and the resurrection [4] I.e. only the later books in the New Testament cannon began to reinterpret these apocalyptic messages as the expected return of Jesus didn’t materialize, suggesting a more spiritual interpretation of the "Kingdom of God." This reinterpretation is seen as an attempt to reconcile early Christian beliefs with the reality that the world didn't end as expected. [] | |||
Jesus was estimated have lived between ( | Jesus was estimated have lived between before 4BCE[16] died approximately in year of 30 CE (for Jesus’ crucifixion).[17] The books that make up the New Testament, documenting Jesus's life and teachings, (and believed by Christians to be divinely inspired writings to cover his teachings, death and salvation) are again consensus to be written in order of seven authentic letters of Paul followed the first Gospel, Mark (~C. 70 C.E), two more inauthentic (source) letters from Paul, followed by The Gospel of Matthew and then The Gospel of Luke, (both~ 80-90 C.E.), five more inauthentic letters attributed to Paul (ibid), followed by The Gospel of John (~90-100 C.E.), with the Book of Revelations and several more inauthentic letters attributed to Paul after that.[5] The books/letters and their dates are as follows:[5] | ||
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New Testament scholar Bart Ehrman notes that the majority of scholars hypothesis there was also an earlier but lost Gospel known in scholarship 'Q' to have existed, based off shared stories between the gospels of Luke and Matthew which do not come from the earliest Gospel of Mark, which may shared sayings appear to come from. It is believed they used Mark as a key source too.[6] | |||
New Testament scholar Bart Ehrman notes that the majority of scholars hypothesis there was also an earlier but lost Gospel known in scholarship 'Q' (named after the German word for “source” Quelle). to have existed, based off shared stories between the gospels of Luke and Matthew which do not come from the earliest Gospel of Mark, which may shared sayings appear to come from. It is believed they used Mark as a key source too.[6] | |||
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“Whoever is ashamed of me and of my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, of that one will the Son of Man be ashamed when he comes in the glory of his Father with the holy angels.… Truly I tell you, there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see that the Kingdom of God has come in power” (Mark 8:38–9:1). | |||
“Whoever is ashamed of me and of my words in '''this adulterous and sinful generation,''' of that one will the Son of Man be ashamed when he comes in the glory of his Father with the holy angels.… Truly I tell you, there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see that the Kingdom of God has come in power” (Mark 8:38–9:1). | |||
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Interestingly, the imminent apocalyptic message is completely absent in John, written 10-20 years later as it beocme more apparent it isn't happening, and so 'kingdom of heaven only now becomes a metaphor. | |||
Interestingly, the imminent apocalyptic message is completely absent in John, written 10-20 years later as it beocme more apparent it isn't happening, and so 'kingdom of heaven only now becomes a metaphor. So we can see the development of a Jewish preacher who believed it was imminent changing over time - with the initial view of early Christian snot matching the Qur'anic portrayal who of course could not have preached this given God would know it was not the end of the world soon. | |||
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“Dissimilar” traditions, that is, those that do not support a clear Christian agenda, or that appear to work against it, are difficult to explain unless they are authentic. They are therefore more likely to be historical. | “Dissimilar” traditions, that is, those that do not support a clear Christian agenda, or that appear to work against it, are difficult to explain unless they are authentic. They are therefore more likely to be historical. | ||
[16] What Can We Know about Jesus’ Birth? Bart Ehrman Blog. 2018. https://ehrmanblog.org/what-can-we-know-about-jesus-birth/ | |||
We don’t know what year he was born. If he was indeed born during the reign of Herod the Great, then it would have had to be before 4 BCE, since that is when Herod died (creating, of course, the intriguing irony that Jesus was born four years Before Christ!) | |||
OR as related by both Matthew and Luke in the New Testament—then he must have been born no later than 4 BCE, the year of | |||
Ehrman, Bart D.. Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium (pp. 11-12). Oxford University Press. Kindle Edition. | |||
[17] When Did Jesus Die? Unveiling the Month & Year of His Crucifixion. Joshua Schachterle, Ph.D. 2024. Bart Ehrman.com [https://www.bartehrman.com/when-did-jesus-die/#:~:text=According%20to%20Bart%20Ehrman%2C%20the,30%20CE%20for%20Jesus'%20crucifixion. https://www.bartehrman.com/when-did-jesus-die/#:~:text=According%20to%20Bart%20Ehrman%2C%20the,30%20CE%20for%20Jesus'%20crucifixion.] | |||