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Historical Errors in the Quran: Difference between revisions
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→Mecca as a safe sanctuary: Added another historical error int he Moses talks of previous kings among his people in the Qur'an narrative, before Israel existed.
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(→The Children of Israel in Egypt: Have added in the 'double whammy' historical error of the Israelites inheriting Egypt in the Qur'an along with Israel. Have provided academic references as well as for the reason this error occurred.) |
(→Mecca as a safe sanctuary: Added another historical error int he Moses talks of previous kings among his people in the Qur'an narrative, before Israel existed.) |
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The likely root of the Quranic confusion is the story in the Bible, [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea%208&version=NIV Hosea 8:5-8] or [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Kings%2012&version=NIV 1 Kings 12:25-29] where there is mentioned a golden calf (or two of them) created in Samaria after the time of Solomon. One modern perspective holds that the Qur'an might be referring to Zimri, son of Salu (Numbers 25:14). However, the Quranic character is referred to three times in {{Quran-range|20|85|88}} as l-sāmiriyu with the definite article, "the Samiri", so this is a descriptive title rather than a proper name. | The likely root of the Quranic confusion is the story in the Bible, [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hosea%208&version=NIV Hosea 8:5-8] or [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Kings%2012&version=NIV 1 Kings 12:25-29] where there is mentioned a golden calf (or two of them) created in Samaria after the time of Solomon. One modern perspective holds that the Qur'an might be referring to Zimri, son of Salu (Numbers 25:14). However, the Quranic character is referred to three times in {{Quran-range|20|85|88}} as l-sāmiriyu with the definite article, "the Samiri", so this is a descriptive title rather than a proper name. | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|20|85}}|“( Allah) said; ‘We have tested thy people in thy absence: the Samiri has led them astray’.” }}{{Quote|{{Quran|20|95}}|“( Moses) said, ‘What then is thy case, O Samiri?’”}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|20|85}}|“( Allah) said; ‘We have tested thy people in thy absence: the Samiri has led them astray’.” }}{{Quote|{{Quran|20|87}}|They said, ‘We did not fail our tryst with you of our own accord, but we were laden with the weight of those people’s ornaments, and we cast them [into the fire] and so did the Samiri.’}}{{Quote|{{Quran|20|95}}|“( Moses) said, ‘What then is thy case, O Samiri?’”}} | ||
===The singular Pharaoh=== | ===The singular Pharaoh=== | ||
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As have many churches and cathedrals such as Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey the 6th century. (''See:'' [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hagia-Sophia Hagia Sophia | Britannica Entry])</ref> | As have many churches and cathedrals such as Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey the 6th century. (''See:'' [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hagia-Sophia Hagia Sophia | Britannica Entry])</ref> | ||
=== | === Hāmān in ancient Egypt === | ||
The Quran places a man called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haman_(Islam) | The Quran places a man called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haman_(Islam) Hāmān (هامان)] as an enemy of the jews being a court official, military commander, and high priest of the Pharoah in ancient Egypt in the time of Moses. A man also called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haman Hāmān הָמָן] with similar characteristics, also appears in the biblical Book of Esther where Haman is a counsellor of Ahasuerus, king of the Achaemenid Persian Empire and an enemy of the Jews, more than a millennia apart in different parts of the world. He appears alongside another character [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korah Qorah] who also rebels against Moses at a different time in the bible: | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|40|24}}|Unto Pharaoh and Haman and Qorah, but they said: A lying sorcerer!}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|40|24}}|Unto Pharaoh and Haman and Qorah, but they said: A lying sorcerer!}} | ||
This may have been done for literary/storytelling purposes: | This may have been done for literary/storytelling purposes: | ||
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{{Quote|{{Quran|95|1-3}}|By the fig and the olive, and Mount Sinai, <b>and by this city (of Makkah), a haven of peace</b>}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|95|1-3}}|By the fig and the olive, and Mount Sinai, <b>and by this city (of Makkah), a haven of peace</b>}} | ||
While it may have appeared to have been secured at the time, the city has seen many violent events, such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Mecca_(683) 683] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Mecca_(692) 692] Sieges of Mecca, when Ibn al-Zubayr rebelled against the Umayyad caliphate rulers. And more recently the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure Grand Mosque Seizure] attack - making this description redundant. | While it may have appeared to have been secured at the time, the city has seen many violent events, such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Mecca_(683) 683] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Mecca_(692) 692] Sieges of Mecca, when Ibn al-Zubayr rebelled against the Umayyad caliphate rulers. And more recently the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure Grand Mosque Seizure] attack - making this description redundant. | ||
=== Kings of Israel before Israel === | |||
Moses is the founder of Israel in both the Bible and the Qur'an leading them out of Egyptian bondage, and providing them with laws making the foundation of Judaism.<ref>See: "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210417012515/http:/www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1551 ''Moses'']". Oxford Islamic Studies. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. | |||
And: Noegel, Scott B.; Wheeler, Brannon M.. ''The A to Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism (The A to Z Guide Series Book 176)'' (Kindle Edition pp. 358-359). Scarecrow Press. </ref> Durie (2018) notes that basic biblical narrative material is repurposed in the Qur'an, but sometimes with little awareness of chronological knowledge or wider details,<ref>Durie, Mark. ''The Qur’an and Its Biblical Reflexes: Investigations into the Genesis of a Religion'' (pp. xxv- xxvi Introduction) (Kindle Edition pp. 27-28). Lexington Books.</ref> which given the almost no direct extended citations of the text, suggests Muhammad's information most likely from oral exposure of popular tales rather than detailed readings of the bible.<ref>Ibid. (pp. xxvi Introduction ) (Kindle Edition pp. 28)</ref> | |||
Some examples he cites of the Qur'an showing little interest in historical narrative have already been listed here; such as [[Historical Errors in the Quran#The%20Israelites%20inherit%20Egypt%20as%20well%20as%20Israel/Palestine|Moses taking Egypt]], the [[Historical Errors in the Quran#Samarians%20in%20ancient%20Egypt|Samaria in Moses's time]], [[Historical Errors in the Quran#Haman%20in%20ancient%20Egypt|Hāmān moving time periods]], and also the [[Historical Errors in the Quran#Mary%20as%20Miriam|Mariam/Mary change]]. One aspect not yet mentioned that he notes to support that Muhammad was missing an understanding of the stages of the formation of Israel and it's timeline is Moses telling the people of Israel that god had given them prophets and kings, before the kingdom existed in the first place. | |||
{{Quote|Durie, Mark. 2018. Lexington Books. <i>The Qur’an and Its Biblical Reflexes: Investigations into the Genesis of a Religion</i> (pp. xxv - xxvi).|In other respects the Biblical timeline has been flattened, so the Qurʾan displays little awareness of stages in the history of Israel. For example, in Q5:20–21 Mūsā addresses his people before they enter the holy land, telling them to remember that Allāh had appointed prophets and kings among them in the past, even though in the Biblical account there were no kings of Israel until some time after Canaan was settled. In spite of this previous account, elsewhere the Qurʾan describes how the people of Israel, after Allāh had drowned “Pharaoh’s people” (and not just his army) in the sea, did not move on toward a promised land, but took over the farms, gardens, and buildings of the Egyptians, succeeding them (Q44:25–28; cf. Q7:136–37).}}{{Quote|{{Quran|5|20-21}}|And when said Musa to his people, "O my people, remember (the) Favor (of) Allah upon you when He placed among you Prophets and <b>made you kings</b> and He gave you what not He (had) given (to) anyone from the worlds. "O my people! <b>Enter the land,</b> the Holy, which (has been) ordained (by) Allah for you and (do) not turn on your backs, then you will turn back (as) losers."}} | |||
=== Every people had a Muslim warner/prophet === | === Every people had a Muslim warner/prophet === | ||