Muhammad's Death: Difference between revisions

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Muhammad's Death (view source)

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Automated script replacing USC-MSA hadith numbering system for Bukhari, Muslim, and Abu Dawud
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(Added academic view, extra sources and removed the Gibbon quote which was based on a Latin mistranslation of the Arabic original with a rather different meaning)
(Automated script replacing USC-MSA hadith numbering system for Bukhari, Muslim, and Abu Dawud)
 
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According to the hadith, Muhammad was poisoned by a Jewish woman, following the [[w:Battle of Khaybar|conquest of Khaibar]], where he took [[Safiyah]] as a wife, and ordered the torture and beheading of her husband [[Kinana]], the chief of the Jews at Khaibar.
According to the hadith, Muhammad was poisoned by a Jewish woman, following the [[w:Battle of Khaybar|conquest of Khaibar]], where he took [[Safiyah]] as a wife, and ordered the torture and beheading of her husband [[Kinana]], the chief of the Jews at Khaibar.


{{Quote| {{Bukhari|3|47|786}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik:  
{{Quote| {{Bukhari|||2617|darussalam}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik:  


A Jewess brought a poisoned (cooked) sheep for the Prophet who ate from it. She was brought to the Prophet and he was asked, "Shall we kill her?" He said, "No." I continued to see the effect of the poison on the palate of the mouth of Allah's Apostle .}}
A Jewess brought a poisoned (cooked) sheep for the Prophet who ate from it. She was brought to the Prophet and he was asked, "Shall we kill her?" He said, "No." I continued to see the effect of the poison on the palate of the mouth of Allah's Apostle .}}


{{Quote|{{Muslim|26|5430}}|Anas reported that a Jewess came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) with poisoned mutton and he took of that what had been brought to him (Allah's Messenger). (When the effect of this poison were felt by him) he called for her and asked her about that, whereupon she said:
{{Quote|{{Muslim||2190a|reference}}|Anas reported that a Jewess came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) with poisoned mutton and he took of that what had been brought to him (Allah's Messenger). (When the effect of this poison were felt by him) he called for her and asked her about that, whereupon she said:


I had determined to kill you. Thereupon he said: Allah will never give you the power to do it. He (the narrator) said that they (the Companion's of the Holy Prophet) said: Should we not kill her? Thereupon he said: No. He (Anas) said: I felt (the affects of this poison) on the uvula of Allah's Messenger.}}
I had determined to kill you. Thereupon he said: Allah will never give you the power to do it. He (the narrator) said that they (the Companion's of the Holy Prophet) said: Should we not kill her? Thereupon he said: No. He (Anas) said: I felt (the affects of this poison) on the uvula of Allah's Messenger.}}


{{Quote| {{Bukhari|5|59|713}}|....Narrated 'Aisha: The Prophet in his ailment in which he died, used to say, "O 'Aisha! I still feel the pain caused by the food I ate at Khaibar, and at this time, I feel as if my aorta is being cut from that poison."}}
{{Quote| {{Bukhari|||4430|darussalam}}|....Narrated 'Aisha: The Prophet in his ailment in which he died, used to say, "O 'Aisha! I still feel the pain caused by the food I ate at Khaibar, and at this time, I feel as if my aorta is being cut from that poison."}}


According to biographies, the reason behind her action was the killing of her people and family by Muhammad.
According to biographies, the reason behind her action was the killing of her people and family by Muhammad.
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It was no secret among the wives, that [[Aisha]] was Muhammad's favorite, and he made this clear as death approached.
It was no secret among the wives, that [[Aisha]] was Muhammad's favorite, and he made this clear as death approached.


{{Quote| {{Bukhari|7|62|144}}|Narrated 'Aisha:  
{{Quote| {{Bukhari|||5217|darussalam}}|Narrated 'Aisha:  


that during his fatal ailment, Allah's Apostle, used to ask his wives, "Where shall I stay tomorrow? Where shall I stay tomorrow?" He was looking forward to Aisha's turn. So all his wives allowed him to stay where he wished....}}  
that during his fatal ailment, Allah's Apostle, used to ask his wives, "Where shall I stay tomorrow? Where shall I stay tomorrow?" He was looking forward to Aisha's turn. So all his wives allowed him to stay where he wished....}}  


{{Quote| {{Bukhari|1|11|634}}|....He came out with the help of two men and his legs were dragging on the ground. He was between Al-Abbas and another man [Ali Ibn Abi Talib]."....}}
{{Quote| {{Bukhari|||665|darussalam}}|....He came out with the help of two men and his legs were dragging on the ground. He was between Al-Abbas and another man [Ali Ibn Abi Talib]."....}}


===Died in the Arms of Aisha===
===Died in the Arms of Aisha===
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Even from his death-bed, Muhammad continued issuing military orders and cursing [[People of the Book|Christians and Jews]].
Even from his death-bed, Muhammad continued issuing military orders and cursing [[People of the Book|Christians and Jews]].


{{Quote| {{Bukhari|5|59|716}}|....Then he [Muhammad] ordered them to do three things. He said, "Turn the pagans out of the 'Arabian Peninsula; respect and give gifts to the foreign delegations as you have seen me dealing with them." (Said bin Jubair, the sub-narrator said that Ibn Abbas kept quiet as rewards the third order, or he said, "I forgot it.")}}
{{Quote| {{Bukhari|||4431|darussalam}}|....Then he [Muhammad] ordered them to do three things. He said, "Turn the pagans out of the 'Arabian Peninsula; respect and give gifts to the foreign delegations as you have seen me dealing with them." (Said bin Jubair, the sub-narrator said that Ibn Abbas kept quiet as rewards the third order, or he said, "I forgot it.")}}


{{Quote| {{Bukhari|4|56|660}}|Narrated 'Aisha and Ibn 'Abbas:  
{{Quote| {{Bukhari|||3453|darussalam}}|Narrated 'Aisha and Ibn 'Abbas:  


On his death-bed Allah's Apostle put a sheet over his-face and when he felt hot, he would remove it from his face. When in that state (of putting and removing the sheet) he said, "May Allah's Curse be on the Jews and the Christians for they build places of worship at the graves of their prophets." (By that) he intended to warn (the Muslim) from what they (i.e. Jews and Christians) had done.}}
On his death-bed Allah's Apostle put a sheet over his-face and when he felt hot, he would remove it from his face. When in that state (of putting and removing the sheet) he said, "May Allah's Curse be on the Jews and the Christians for they build places of worship at the graves of their prophets." (By that) he intended to warn (the Muslim) from what they (i.e. Jews and Christians) had done.}}
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On the 8<sup>th</sup> of June, 632 AD Aisha watched Muhammad finally die, slumped on her bosom.  
On the 8<sup>th</sup> of June, 632 AD Aisha watched Muhammad finally die, slumped on her bosom.  


{{Quote| {{Bukhari|5|59|730}}|Narrated Aisha:....In front of him there was a jug or a tin, (The sub-narrator, 'Umar is in doubt as to which was right) containing water. He started dipping his hand in the water and rubbing his face with it, he said, "None has the right to be worshipped except Allah. Death has its agonies." He then lifted his hands (towards the sky) and started saying, "With the highest companion," till he expired and his hand dropped down.}}   
{{Quote| {{Bukhari|||4449|darussalam}}|Narrated Aisha:....In front of him there was a jug or a tin, (The sub-narrator, 'Umar is in doubt as to which was right) containing water. He started dipping his hand in the water and rubbing his face with it, he said, "None has the right to be worshipped except Allah. Death has its agonies." He then lifted his hands (towards the sky) and started saying, "With the highest companion," till he expired and his hand dropped down.}}   


{{Quote| {{Bukhari|7|62|144}}|....'Aisha added: He died on the day of my usual turn at my house. Allah took him unto Him while his head was between my chest and my neck and his saliva was mixed with my saliva.}}
{{Quote| {{Bukhari|||5217|darussalam}}|....'Aisha added: He died on the day of my usual turn at my house. Allah took him unto Him while his head was between my chest and my neck and his saliva was mixed with my saliva.}}


==Funeral==
==Funeral==
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[[w:Ali|Ali ibn Abi Ṭalib]], the fourth Rightly-guided [[Caliph]] of [[Islam]] (and also Muhammad's son-in-law and cousin) and some others took charge of washing Muhammad, but unlike others, he was washed with his cloths remaining on his body.  
[[w:Ali|Ali ibn Abi Ṭalib]], the fourth Rightly-guided [[Caliph]] of [[Islam]] (and also Muhammad's son-in-law and cousin) and some others took charge of washing Muhammad, but unlike others, he was washed with his cloths remaining on his body.  


{{Quote|{{Abudawud|20|3135}}|Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin:
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||3141|darussalam}}|Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin:


By Allah, we did not know whether we should take off the clothes of the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) as we took off the clothes of our dead, or wash him while his clothes were on him. When they (the people) differed among themselves, Allah cast slumber over them until every one of them had put his chin on his chest.
By Allah, we did not know whether we should take off the clothes of the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) as we took off the clothes of our dead, or wash him while his clothes were on him. When they (the people) differed among themselves, Allah cast slumber over them until every one of them had put his chin on his chest.
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Ibn Hisham observed, “The apostle’s body did not present the appearance of an ordinary corpse.” (pg. 688) Aisha also noted that If she had known beforehand what she found out later, "none would have washed him except his wives".
Ibn Hisham observed, “The apostle’s body did not present the appearance of an ordinary corpse.” (pg. 688) Aisha also noted that If she had known beforehand what she found out later, "none would have washed him except his wives".


{{Quote|{{Abudawud|20|3135}}|Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin:
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||3141|darussalam}}|Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin:


[...]Aisha used to say: If I had known beforehand about my affair what I found out later, none would have washed him except his wives.}}  
[...]Aisha used to say: If I had known beforehand about my affair what I found out later, none would have washed him except his wives.}}  
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Once cleaned, they covered him with triple shrouds.
Once cleaned, they covered him with triple shrouds.


{{Quote|{{Abudawud|20|3147}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:  
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||3153|darussalam}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:  


The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) was shrouded in three garments made in Najran: two garments and one shirt in which he died.}}
The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) was shrouded in three garments made in Najran: two garments and one shirt in which he died.}}
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