Suicide Bombing in Islam: Difference between revisions

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(More concise and added much more balance, inc. fatwas and stats from houri article, and removed arguments not found in the cited sources)
(Automated script replacing USC-MSA hadith numbering system for Bukhari, Muslim, and Abu Dawud)
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===The lady who was boiled or burned for her faith===
===The lady who was boiled or burned for her faith===


Suicide bombings involve death at the attacker's own hands rather than the enemy's. The use of the following narrations to defend suicide bombings has been heavily contested. The main objections are that in both versions the woman was already being executed, and that the incidents occured in the pre-Islamic era. Moreover, the incidents are clearly intended to glorify faith when the victim could have renounced it and saved herself (similarly see {{Bukhari|4|56|809}}).  
Suicide bombings involve death at the attacker's own hands rather than the enemy's. The use of the following narrations to defend suicide bombings has been heavily contested. The main objections are that in both versions the woman was already being executed, and that the incidents occured in the pre-Islamic era. Moreover, the incidents are clearly intended to glorify faith when the victim could have renounced it and saved herself (similarly see {{Bukhari|||3612|darussalam}}).  


{{Quote| 1= Imam Ahmad has narrated in his Musnad (1/310) [and a similar narration is in Ibn Majah (4030) |2= Ibn `Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah said, "On the night in which I was taken by night, a pleasant fragrance came my way, and so I said, "O Gabriel! What is this pleasant fragrance?" He said, "This is the fragrance of the hairdresser of Pharaoh's daughter, and [of the hairdresser]'s children." I said, "What is her situation?" He said, "While she was combing Pharaoh's daughter's hair one day, the comb fell from her hand, so she said, "In the name of Allah." Pharaoh's daughter asked, "[You mean] my father?" She said, "No, rather my Lord, and the Lord of your father, is Allah." She said, "Can I tell him that?" She said, "Yes.""….
{{Quote| 1= Imam Ahmad has narrated in his Musnad (1/310) [and a similar narration is in Ibn Majah (4030) |2= Ibn `Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah said, "On the night in which I was taken by night, a pleasant fragrance came my way, and so I said, "O Gabriel! What is this pleasant fragrance?" He said, "This is the fragrance of the hairdresser of Pharaoh's daughter, and [of the hairdresser]'s children." I said, "What is her situation?" He said, "While she was combing Pharaoh's daughter's hair one day, the comb fell from her hand, so she said, "In the name of Allah." Pharaoh's daughter asked, "[You mean] my father?" She said, "No, rather my Lord, and the Lord of your father, is Allah." She said, "Can I tell him that?" She said, "Yes.""….
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An earlier part of the hadith about the ditch has also been used to defend suicide attacks. Here, a boy invites his own execution as a demonstration of faith, though unlike in suicide bombings his death does not occur at his own hands.
An earlier part of the hadith about the ditch has also been used to defend suicide attacks. Here, a boy invites his own execution as a demonstration of faith, though unlike in suicide bombings his death does not occur at his own hands.


{{Quote|{{Muslim|42|7148}}| The Prophet said, 'O people! The reward of deeds depends upon the intentions, and every person will get the reward according to what he has intended.
{{Quote|{{Muslim||3005|reference}}| The Prophet said, 'O people! The reward of deeds depends upon the intentions, and every person will get the reward according to what he has intended.
And he 'said to them: Take him to such and such mountain; make him climb up that mountain and when you reach its top (ask him to renounce his faith) but if he refuses to do so, then throw him (down the mountain). So they took him and made him climb up the mountain and he said: O Allah, save me from them (in any way) Thou likest and the mountain began to quake and they all fell down and that person came walking to the king. The king said to him: What has happened to your companions? He said: Allah has saved me from them. He again handed him to some of his courtiers and said: Take him and carry him in a small boat and when you reach the middle of the ocean (ask him to renounce) his religion, but if he does not renounce his religion throw him (into the water). So they took him and he said: O Allah, save me from them and what they want to do. It was quite soon that the boat turned over and they were drowned and he came walking to the king, and the king said to him: What has happened to your companions? He said: Allah has saved me from them, and he said to the king: '''You cannot kill me until you do what I ask you to do'''. And he said: What is that? He said: '''You should gather people in a plain and hang me by the trunk (of a tree). Then take hold of an arrow from the quiver and say: In the name of Allah, the Lord of the worlds; then shoot an arrow and if you do that then you would be able to kill me'''. So he (the king) called the people in an open plain and tied him (the boy) to the trunk of a tree, then he took hold of an arrow from his quiver and then placed the arrow in the bow and then said: In the name of Allah, the Lord of the young boy; he then shot an arrow and it bit his temple. He (the boy) placed his hands upon the temple where the '''arrow had bit him and he died''' and the people said: We affirm our faith in the Lord of this young man}}
And he 'said to them: Take him to such and such mountain; make him climb up that mountain and when you reach its top (ask him to renounce his faith) but if he refuses to do so, then throw him (down the mountain). So they took him and made him climb up the mountain and he said: O Allah, save me from them (in any way) Thou likest and the mountain began to quake and they all fell down and that person came walking to the king. The king said to him: What has happened to your companions? He said: Allah has saved me from them. He again handed him to some of his courtiers and said: Take him and carry him in a small boat and when you reach the middle of the ocean (ask him to renounce) his religion, but if he does not renounce his religion throw him (into the water). So they took him and he said: O Allah, save me from them and what they want to do. It was quite soon that the boat turned over and they were drowned and he came walking to the king, and the king said to him: What has happened to your companions? He said: Allah has saved me from them, and he said to the king: '''You cannot kill me until you do what I ask you to do'''. And he said: What is that? He said: '''You should gather people in a plain and hang me by the trunk (of a tree). Then take hold of an arrow from the quiver and say: In the name of Allah, the Lord of the worlds; then shoot an arrow and if you do that then you would be able to kill me'''. So he (the king) called the people in an open plain and tied him (the boy) to the trunk of a tree, then he took hold of an arrow from his quiver and then placed the arrow in the bow and then said: In the name of Allah, the Lord of the young boy; he then shot an arrow and it bit his temple. He (the boy) placed his hands upon the temple where the '''arrow had bit him and he died''' and the people said: We affirm our faith in the Lord of this young man}}


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One Quran verse, {{Quran|2|195}} ("And spend in the way of Allah and do not throw [yourselves] with your [own] hands into destruction [by refraining]. And do good; indeed, Allah loves the doers of good.") has been interpreted as precluding suicide missions, though the above mentioned document cites the view of jurists that it is permissible in certain circumstances for someone to attack the enemy single handedly even if he thinks he will be killed. A number of hadiths glorify martydom. Of course, in all these cases death nevertheless occurs at the hands of the enemy rather than the person's own hands.
One Quran verse, {{Quran|2|195}} ("And spend in the way of Allah and do not throw [yourselves] with your [own] hands into destruction [by refraining]. And do good; indeed, Allah loves the doers of good.") has been interpreted as precluding suicide missions, though the above mentioned document cites the view of jurists that it is permissible in certain circumstances for someone to attack the enemy single handedly even if he thinks he will be killed. A number of hadiths glorify martydom. Of course, in all these cases death nevertheless occurs at the hands of the enemy rather than the person's own hands.


*According to {{Muslim|20|4631}} Muhammad said “I love that I should be killed in the way of Allah; then I should be brought back to life and be killed again in His way..."
*According to {{Muslim||1876f|reference}} Muhammad said “I love that I should be killed in the way of Allah; then I should be brought back to life and be killed again in His way..."


*A man asks Muhammad "which of men is the best?"  Muhammad replies that it is the man who is always ready for battle and flies into it "seeking death at places where it can be expected."  
*A man asks Muhammad "which of men is the best?"  Muhammad replies that it is the man who is always ready for battle and flies into it "seeking death at places where it can be expected."  


*Muhammad said: “Surely, the gates of Paradise are under the shadows of the swords."  After hearing that martyrdom leads to paradise, a young man pulls his sword and breaks the sheath (indicating that he has no intention of returning) then flings himself into battle until he is killed. {{Muslim|20|4681}}
*Muhammad said: “Surely, the gates of Paradise are under the shadows of the swords."  After hearing that martyrdom leads to paradise, a young man pulls his sword and breaks the sheath (indicating that he has no intention of returning) then flings himself into battle until he is killed. {{Muslim||1902|reference}}


*Qur'an 9:111 says that believers are those who “kill and are killed”{{Quote|{{Quran|9|111}}| Allah hath purchased of the believers their persons and their goods; for theirs (in return) is the garden (of Paradise): they fight in His cause, and kill and are killed}}
*Qur'an 9:111 says that believers are those who “kill and are killed”{{Quote|{{Quran|9|111}}| Allah hath purchased of the believers their persons and their goods; for theirs (in return) is the garden (of Paradise): they fight in His cause, and kill and are killed}}
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