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Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring - Part One: Difference between revisions
Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring - Part One (view source)
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, 22 November→Alshshams was not used with al maghrib to mean the west in the Quran nor hadith: Updated spelling for kasrah from 'kasarh'
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;Derivation of the words maghrib and matliAA: | ;Derivation of the words maghrib and matliAA: | ||
The word a'''l'''shshamsi, which immediately follows the words maghriba and matliAAa in 18:86 and 18:90, means “of the sun”. Maghrib and matliAA are nouns derived from the roots of the verbs gharaba, to set, and talaAAa, to rise, respectively. They are special types of nouns meaning either the place where the action of the verb happens or the time when it happens (the place or time of the sun setting or rising). If it indicates a place, such a noun is called an ism makan. If it means a time, it is called an ism zaman. In either case, these nouns are formed by adding the ma- prefix and using a '' | The word a'''l'''shshamsi, which immediately follows the words maghriba and matliAAa in 18:86 and 18:90, means “of the sun”. Maghrib and matliAA are nouns derived from the roots of the verbs gharaba, to set, and talaAAa, to rise, respectively. They are special types of nouns meaning either the place where the action of the verb happens or the time when it happens (the place or time of the sun setting or rising). If it indicates a place, such a noun is called an ism makan. If it means a time, it is called an ism zaman. In either case, these nouns are formed by adding the ma- prefix and using a ''kasrah'' (transliterated as ‘i’) after the 2<sup>nd</sup> letter to create the words maghrib and matliAA.<ref>Rev. Thatcher, G. W., Arabic Grammer of the Written Language (2<sup>nd</sup> Ed.), pp.240-241, (London: Julius Groos), 1922</ref> | ||
The ''fatha'', or “-a” suffix is added to maghrib and matliAA in 18:86 and 18:90 for the accusative grammatical case to indicate that they are the objects of the verb balagha, "he reached" (there is also a different interpretation that these are not the things reached, which will be examined in section 5). The definite article, “al” as in al maghrib, is missing but implied in these verses. That’s because in the genitive construction called ''’idāfa'' (indicating possession, as in the X of Y), the definite article is implied for the first word when it is used for the genitive word, which in this case is a'''l'''shshamsi, meaning “of the sun”.<ref>Mohtanick Jamil - [http://www.learnarabiconline.com/arabic-phrases.shtml Arabic Phrases] - LearnArabicOnline</ref> | The ''fatha'', or “-a” suffix is added to maghrib and matliAA in 18:86 and 18:90 for the accusative grammatical case to indicate that they are the objects of the verb balagha, "he reached" (there is also a different interpretation that these are not the things reached, which will be examined in section 5). The definite article, “al” as in al maghrib, is missing but implied in these verses. That’s because in the genitive construction called ''’idāfa'' (indicating possession, as in the X of Y), the definite article is implied for the first word when it is used for the genitive word, which in this case is a'''l'''shshamsi, meaning “of the sun”.<ref>Mohtanick Jamil - [http://www.learnarabiconline.com/arabic-phrases.shtml Arabic Phrases] - LearnArabicOnline</ref> | ||
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===Alshshams was not used with al maghrib to mean the west in the Quran nor hadith=== | ===Alshshams was not used with al maghrib to mean the west in the Quran nor hadith=== | ||
The word a'''l'''shshams means “the sun”, and the -i suffix (an Arabic '' | The word a'''l'''shshams means “the sun”, and the -i suffix (an Arabic ''kasrah'') in 18:86 and 18:90 is for the genitive case, which indicates possession (“of the sun”). Looking at how maghrib is used elsewhere in the Qur’an to mean west (see list above), it is always used as a stand-alone word without a'''l'''shshams, in contrast to 18:86. Critics question why is a'''l'''shshamsi added in 18:86 when it is not in the other instances if not to emphasize a literal meaning. A'''l'''shshams is not even used with maghrib when it means the west anywhere in the major hadith collections.<ref name="hadith">Based on searches of the Sunni hadith collections in Arabic using [http://www.ekabakti.com ekabakti.com] and [http://hadith.al-islam.com al-Islam] and [http://www.sunnah.com sunnah.com]</ref> | ||
Lane’s Lexicon of classical Arabic, long regarded as authoritative and drawing on many classical Arabic dictionaries and sources, says that al maghrib can signify the west, and also the time of sunset, but originally signified the place (or point) of sunset, as also the phrase maghriba a'''l'''shshamsi.<ref>Lane’s Lexicon - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume6/00000025.pdf Volume 6 page 2241] - StudyQuran.org</ref> That is what the words in this phrase are used to mean elsewhere outside the Qur'an where they explicitly mean the place where the sun physically sets (see section 6.2 later). Such was a common belief at that time and region where one finds other versions of the same story (see section 6.5 later). | Lane’s Lexicon of classical Arabic, long regarded as authoritative and drawing on many classical Arabic dictionaries and sources, says that al maghrib can signify the west, and also the time of sunset, but originally signified the place (or point) of sunset, as also the phrase maghriba a'''l'''shshamsi.<ref>Lane’s Lexicon - [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume6/00000025.pdf Volume 6 page 2241] - StudyQuran.org</ref> That is what the words in this phrase are used to mean elsewhere outside the Qur'an where they explicitly mean the place where the sun physically sets (see section 6.2 later). Such was a common belief at that time and region where one finds other versions of the same story (see section 6.5 later). | ||