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'''Abu Lahab ibn 'Abdul Muttalib''' (أبو لهب) was a half paternal uncle of [[Muhammad]], a leader of the Quraysh, and a staunch critic of [[Islam]]. He is one of the few Arabs alive during Muhammad's period of [[revelation]]s to be mentioned by name in the [[Qur'an]].
'''Abu Lahab ibn 'Abdul Muttalib''' (أبو لهب) was a half-paternal uncle of [[Muhammad]], a leader of the Quraysh, and a staunch critic of [[Islam]]. He is one of the few Arabs alive during Muhammad's [[revelation]]s to be mentioned by name in the [[Qur'an]].


==In the Qur'an==
==In the Qur'an==
The 111st chapter of the Qur'an is variously titled ''Masad'' and ''Lahab'', and is entirely about the fiery fate of Abu Lahab and his wife.
The 111th chapter of the Qur'an is variously titled ''Masad'' and ''Lahab'', and it condems Abu Lahab and his wife to "flaming Fire":


{{Quote|1={{Quran|111|1-5}}|2=The power of Abu Lahab will perish, and he will perish.  
{{Quote|1={{Quran|111|1-5}}|2=The power of Abu Lahab will perish, and he will perish.  
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The following [[Hadith]] provide historical context for the revelation of Surah 111:
The following [[Hadith]] provide historical context for the revelation of Surah 111:
{{Quote|1={{Bukhari|||4770|darussalam}}, see also {{Bukhari|||1394|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari|||4801|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari|||4971|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari|||4972|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari|||4973|darussalam}} & {{Muslim||208a|reference}}|2=Narrated Ibn Abbas: When the Verse:--'And warn your tribe of near-kindred, was revealed, the Prophet ascended the Safa (mountain) and started calling, "O Bani Fihr! O Bani 'Adi!" addressing various tribes of Quraish till they were assembled. Those who could not come themselves, sent their messengers to see what was there. Abu Lahab and other people from Quraish came and the Prophet then said, "Suppose I told you that there is an (enemy) cavalry in the valley intending to attack you, would you believe me?" They said, "Yes, for we have not found you telling anything other than the truth." He then said, "I am a warner to you in face of a terrific punishment." Abu Lahab said (to the Prophet) "May your hands perish all this day. Is it for this purpose you have gathered us?" Then it was revealed: "Perish the hands of Abu Lahab (one of the Prophet's uncles), and perish he! His wealth and his children will not profit him...." (111.1-5)}}
{{Quote|1={{Bukhari|||4770|darussalam}}, see also {{Bukhari|||1394|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari|||4801|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari|||4971|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari|||4972|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari|||4973|darussalam}} & {{Muslim||208a|reference}}|2=Narrated Ibn Abbas: When the Verse:--'And warn your tribe of near-kindred, was revealed, the Prophet ascended the Safa (mountain) and started calling, "O Bani Fihr! O Bani 'Adi!" addressing various tribes of Quraish till they were assembled. Those who could not come themselves, sent their messengers to see what was there. Abu Lahab and other people from Quraish came and the Prophet then said, "Suppose I told you that there is an (enemy) cavalry in the valley intending to attack you, would you believe me?" They said, "Yes, for we have not found you telling anything other than the truth." He then said, "I am a warner to you in face of a terrific punishment." Abu Lahab said (to the Prophet) "May your hands perish all this day. Is it for this purpose you have gathered us?" Then it was revealed: "Perish the hands of Abu Lahab (one of the Prophet's uncles), and perish he! His wealth and his children will not profit him...." (111.1-5)}}
==Allegedly falsifiable prophecy==
Sometimes it is claimed that Abu Lahab could have destroyed the credibility of Muhammad and the Quran by converting or pretending to do so after the above-quoted surah had been revealed. However, critics point out that there are two obvious flaws in this suggestion. Firstly, the surah does not state that Abu Lahab will never believe, but only that he is destined to be plunged into hell when he dies, which is unfalsifiable. If instead the prophecy is taken to imply Abu Lahab's continuing non-belief, then  the believers would have called his bluff if he claimed to believe. They would simply ask Abu Lahab, "How can you possibly believe in the truth of a book which contains a prophecy that you will never do so?" Indeed, interpreted as a prophecy about his continuing non-belief, it is self-fulfilling. His conversion would automatically negate the book he would claim to now believe in, making such a belief impossible for him.


==Family==
==Family==
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{{Quote|1={{Bukhari|||4950|darussalam}}, see also {{Bukhari|||4983|darussalam}}|2=Narrated Jundub bin Sufyan: Once Allah's Apostle became sick and could not offer his night prayer (Tahajjud) for two or three nights. Then a lady (the wife of Abu Lahab) came and said, "O Muhammad! I think that your Satan has forsaken you, for I have not seen him with you for two or three nights!" On that Allah revealed: 'By the fore-noon, and by the night when it darkens, your Lord (O Muhammad) has neither forsaken you, nor hated you.' (93.1-3)}}Abu Lahab's daughter '''Durrah''' and son '''<nowiki/>'Utbah''' both converted to Islam.
{{Quote|1={{Bukhari|||4950|darussalam}}, see also {{Bukhari|||4983|darussalam}}|2=Narrated Jundub bin Sufyan: Once Allah's Apostle became sick and could not offer his night prayer (Tahajjud) for two or three nights. Then a lady (the wife of Abu Lahab) came and said, "O Muhammad! I think that your Satan has forsaken you, for I have not seen him with you for two or three nights!" On that Allah revealed: 'By the fore-noon, and by the night when it darkens, your Lord (O Muhammad) has neither forsaken you, nor hated you.' (93.1-3)}}Abu Lahab's daughter '''Durrah''' and son '''<nowiki/>'Utbah''' both converted to Islam.


'Utbah married Muhammad's daughter Ruqayyah, and '''Utaibah''', another one of Abu Lahab's sons, married Muhammad's daughter Umm Kulthum. However, neither marriage was consummated.<ref>Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 8 p. 25.</ref> Abu Lahab's daughter Durrah married Muhammad's adopted son Zaid ibn Haritha, though this marriage ended in divorce.<ref>Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). ''The Companions of Badr'' p. 32. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.</ref> It is not known when this divorce occurred, but Durrah later married Ḥārith ibn Naufal of Banu Hāshim and, when he died, married she married Dihya ibn Khalifa.<ref>Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 8 p. 37.</ref>
'Utbah married Muhammad's daughter Ruqayyah, and '''Utaibah''', another one of Abu Lahab's sons, married Muhammad's daughter Umm Kulthum. However, neither marriage was consummated.<ref>Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 8 p. 25.</ref> Abu Lahab's daughter Durrah married Muhammad's adopted son Zaid ibn Haritha, though this marriage ended in divorce.<ref>Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). ''The Companions of Badr'' p. 32. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.</ref> It is not known when this divorce occurred, but Durrah later married Ḥārith ibn Naufal of Banu Hāshim and, when he died, married Dihya ibn Khalifa.<ref>Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 8 p. 37.</ref>


==Freeing his slave girl Thuwayba, Muhammad's wet-nurse==
==Freeing his slave girl Thuwayba, Muhammad's wet-nurse==
Zhothaqquah
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