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Two of the four schools of [[Sunni]] [[jurisprudence]] and [[Islamic law]] (the Hanbali and Shafi'is) permit the forced conversion of idolaters and pagans upon Islamic conquest (on pain of death), whereas the other two schools (the Hanafis and Malikis) maintain that the conquered practitioners of any religious faith are simply to be reduced to the status of ''[[Jizyah]]''-paying [[Dhimmitude|''dhimmis'']].<ref>Gerhard Bowering, ed. (2009). ''Islamic Political Thought: An Introduction''. Princeton University Press. pp. 127–128. ISBN <bdi>9781400866427</bdi>.</ref><ref>Wael B. Hallaq (2009). ''Sharī'a: Theory, Practice, Transformations''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 327–328. ISBN <bdi>9780521861472</bdi>.</ref> | Two of the four schools of [[Sunni]] [[jurisprudence]] and [[Islamic law]] (the Hanbali and Shafi'is) permit the forced conversion of idolaters and pagans upon Islamic conquest (on pain of death), whereas the other two schools (the Hanafis and Malikis) maintain that the conquered practitioners of any religious faith are simply to be reduced to the status of ''[[Jizyah]]''-paying [[Dhimmitude|''dhimmis'']].<ref>Gerhard Bowering, ed. (2009). ''Islamic Political Thought: An Introduction''. Princeton University Press. pp. 127–128. ISBN <bdi>9781400866427</bdi>.</ref><ref>Wael B. Hallaq (2009). ''Sharī'a: Theory, Practice, Transformations''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 327–328. ISBN <bdi>9780521861472</bdi>.</ref> | ||